Deck 19: Bacteria the Deinococci and Nonproteobacteria Gram Negatives

Question 1

The deinococci stain gram-positive but have a layered cell wall and an outer membrane that is more like a gram-negative organism.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Thermotogae can grow anaerobically on which of the following?

A) methane and methanol
B) protein digests and carbohydrates
C) lignin
D) cellulose

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Aquifex cannot use which of the following as electron donors?

A) hydrogen
B) thiosulfate
C) sulfur
D) glucose

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Some cyanobacteria form __________, which are comprised of chains of bacterial cells that are in close contact with one another over a large area.

A) hypha
B) mycelia
C) trichromes
D) cell mats

Question 5

Cyanobacteria capable of fixing atmospheric N₂ always produce heterocysts.

Question 6

The chlorosomes of Chlorobia are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid-derived baseplate.

Question 7

Green sulfur bacteria are nonmotile but can control their depth by using gas vesicles to control buoyancy.

Question 8

Prochlorophytes lack which of the following?

A) chlorophyll a
B) chlorophyll b
C) phycobilins
D) They lack all of the choices.

Question 9

Which of the following bacteria is both photosynthetic and Gram-positive?

A) purple bacteria
B) green bacteria
C) heliobacteria
D) cyanobacteria
E) none of the choices

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the photosynthetic membranes of Chlorobia?

A) Accessory bacteriochlorophylls are located in the chlorosomes but the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll is located in the plasma membrane.
B) Accessory bacteriochlorophylls are located in the plasma membrane but the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll is located in the chlorosomes.
C) Accessory and reaction center bacteriochlorophylls are located in the chlorosomes.
D) Accessory and reaction center bacteriochlorophylls are located in the plasma membrane.

Question 11

The phylum _______ is thought to represent the oldest branch of the bacteria.

A) Thermotogae
B) Aquificae
C) Cyanobacteria
D) Spirochetes

Question 12

The member of the domain Bacteria whose genome shows it to be most closely related to the Archaea is

A) Thermotoga.
B) Aquifex.
C) Deinococcus.
D) Synechococcus.

Question 13

Some species of cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Question 14

Members of the phylum Thermotogae can be found growing in

A) marine hydrothermal vents and terrestrial solfataric hot springs.
B) marine salterns of the shore of the Dead Sea.
C) soils of the Antarctic.
D) the intestinal tract of mammals.

Question 15

Which of the following is extremely radiation resistant?

A) Deinococcus
B) Aquifex
C) Thermotoga
D) Cytophaga

Question 16

The ability of the deinococci to resist radiation is due in part to an unusual ability to repair chromosome damage, even fragmentation.

Question 17

Which of the following are used by cyanobacteria for reproduction?

A) binary fission
B) budding
C) fragmentation
D) all of the choices

Question 18

Cyanobacteria are so named because many species have a blue-green appearance caused by the photosynthetic pigment phycocyanin.

Question 19

Deinococci can be isolated from ground meat, feces, air, freshwater, and other sources, but their natural habitat is soil.

Question 20

A trichome is a bacterial cell with three different photosynthetic pigments.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true about anoxygenic photosynthesis?

A) does not produce oxygen
B) often produces sulfur granules
C) Water is the usual source of electrons for photosynthesis.
D) does not produce oxygen and often produces sulfur granules

Question 22

Some anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria use __________ as their electron source.

A) hydrogen sulfide
B) sulfur
C) hydrogen
D) all of these

Question 23

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis like green plants; this means that

A) they use water as their electron source.
B) they produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis.
C) they have two distinct photosystems.
D) all of the choices

Question 24

Some cyanobacteria are not blue-green, rather they are red or brown; this is due to the presence of the photosynthetic pigment __________.

Question 25

Which of the following contain both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b?

A) Cyanobacteria
B) Prochloron
C) green sulfur bacteria
D) purple sulfur bacteria

Question 26

The green sulfur bacteria are

A) obligate anaerobes.
B) facultative anaerobes.
C) microaerophilic.
D) either obligate anaerobes or facultative anaerobes.

Question 27

Which of the following are photosynthetic bacteria?

A) the green bacteria
B) the purple bacteria
C) the cyanobacteria
D) all of the choices

Question 28

The green sulfur bacteria

A) deposit granules within the cell.
B) deposit granules outside the cell.
C) deposit granules within and outside the cell.
D) do not deposit granules.

Question 29

Cyanobacteria modulate the relative amounts of their different photopigments in response to the wavelength of incident light by a process known as

A) chromatic adaptation.
B) wavelength adaptation.
C) adaptive photopigmentation.
D) light shifting.

Question 30

Dormant, thick-walled resting cells of cyanobacteria that are resistant to desiccation are called

A) baeocytes.
B) akinetes.
C) hormogonia.
D) thylakoids.

Question 31

Which of the following best describes cyanobacteria?

A) They carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis.
B) They carry out oxygenic photosynthesis.
C) They all can use H₂S as a source of electrons for photosynthesis.
D) Their photosynthetic pigments are carried in chlorosomes.

Question 32

Large spherical cells of cyanobacteria that are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen are referred to as

A) heterocysts
B) microcysts
C) oocysts
D) nitrocysts

Question 33

Although similar to eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria are different because they

A) have only photosystem I not photosystem II.
B) have only photosystem II not photosystem I.
C) do not have chloroplasts.
D) do not have any photosynthetic membranes.

Question 34

Cyanobacteria are best described as

A) all being obligate photolithoautotrophs.
B) all being obligate chemoheterotrophs.
C) some being photolithoautotrophs that can function as chemoheterotrophs in the dark.
D) none of the choices

Question 35

Which of the following genera of the Planctomycetales have a stalk as part of their mechanism for attachment to surfaces?

A) Gemmata
B) Priullela
C) Planctomyces
D) all of the choices

Question 36

Which of the following accumulates sulfur granules inside the cell?

A) purple sulfur bacteria
B) green sulfur bacteria
C) cyanobacteria
D) none of the choices

Question 37

The photosynthetic membranes of the green sulfur bacteria are called

A) chlorosomes.
B) chloroplasts.
C) chlorocytes.
D) chlorophylls.

Question 38

Unique features of the planctomycetes include

A) resistance to ionizing radiation.
B) their size: some are as large as protozoa.
C) a membrane bound nuclear region.
D) twitching fimbriae that are required for motility.

Question 39

Which of the following groups of photosynthetic bacteria are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis?

A) the green bacteria
B) the purple bacteria
C) the cyanobacteria
D) all of the choices

Question 40

Some marine species of cyanobacteria

A) have flagella and are, therefore, motile.
B) do not have flagella and are, therefore, nonmotile.
C) do not have flagella but are, nonetheless, motile by some unknown mechanism.
D) do not have flagella but are motile by means of pseudopods.

Question 41

A unique feature of the _________ that distinguishes them from other bacteria is their ability to move through highly viscous liquids.

Question 42

The site of anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the recently described genera Brocadia, Kuenenia, Scalindua, and Anammoxoglobus is called the _________________.

Question 43

Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of Chlamydia trachomatis suggests that it may be able to synthesize some of its own ATP.

Question 44

Elementary bodies of chlamydiae are specialized for reproduction rather than infection.

Question 45

Which of the following genera of the Sphingobacterica are unable to degrade complex carbohydrates?

A) Cytophaga
B) Sporocytophaga
C) Flexibacter
D) all of the choices

Question 46

The part of the spirochete that houses the cytoplasm and the nucleoid of spirochetes is called the _____________ cylinder.

A) ectoplasmic
B) cytoplasmic
C) protoplasmic
D) mesoplasmic

Question 47

Bacteroides inhabit the intestinal tract of mammals and benefit the host by degrading which of the following?

A) cellulose
B) pectin
C) complex carbohydrates
D) all of the choices

Question 48

Many bacteria that exhibit gliding motility are able to use as a nutrient source insoluble material that they encounter while gliding.

Question 49

Member of the genus Cytophaga contribute significantly to the process of wastewater treatment.

Question 50

It is estimated that anammox and the anammox reaction may contribute as much as 20% to the cycling of nitrogen in the world's oceans.

Question 51

Gliding motility can be used to propel bacteria

A) through the air only.
B) through liquids only.
C) across solid substrates only.
D) along the framework of the cytoskeleton of host cells.

Question 52

Chlamydiae are incapable of producing many key metabolites, for which they must rely on their host.

Question 53

The gram-negative chlamydiae are

A) photosynthetic.
B) motile due to periplasmic flagella.
C) obligate intracellular parasites.
D) gram positive spore forming rods.

Question 54

The infectious stage of chlamydiae is called a(n) _________ body.

A) elementary
B) reticulate
C) contagious
D) oogonial

Question 55

The spirochetes include the causative agents for

A) gonorrhea.
B) Lyme disease.
C) plague.
D) whooping cough.

Question 56

The complex of periplasmic flagella that mediates the movement of spirochetes is referred to as the

A) periplasmic flagella.
B) axillary filament.
C) axial filament.
D) peritrichal axon.
E) periplasmic flagella or axial filament.

Question 57

Although the function of the flexible outer sheath in which the axial filaments of spirochetes lay is unknown, it is essential (i.e. the bacteria will not survive if it is removed).

Question 58

Spherical resting cells produced by Sporocytophaga are called

A) heterocysts.
B) microcysts.
C) oocysts.
D) nitrocysts.

Question 59

As much as ______ of the bacteria isolated from human feces belong to the genus Bacteroides.

A) 0.1 %
B) 2.0 %
C) 30 %
D) 90 %

Question 60

Nitrogen fixation in the hindgut of the termite is carried out by

A) cyanobacteria.
B) Bacteroides.
C) deinococci.
D) spirochetes.

Question 61

A newly reported member of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum has been found to be thermophilic, acidophilic, and photosynthetic.

Question 62

Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum can grow using __________ as a carbon source and energy source.

Question 63

Gliding motility is a mechanism used by some prokaryotes to swim slowly through liquids.