Deck 6: The Self in the Social World

Question 1

The Greek mythical figure Procrustes was known for his famous ______.

A) bed
B) bridge
C) sense of humor
D) strength

Answer 1

bed

Question 2

Your health and conditioning are part of your ______.

A) physical self
B) psychological self
C) social self
D) personal self

Answer 2

physical self

Question 3

A career woman is much more aggressive at work than her male boss thinks women should be. She has violated his ______ schema.

A) person
B) situation
C) self-
D) role

Answer 3

role

Question 4

The part of the self that consists of your observable features such as height, weight, hair color, etc., is the ______.

A) physical self
B) psychological self
C) social self
D) personal self

Question 5

To Rogers, the sense of self is ______.

A) reactive
B) learned from the environment
C) inborn
D) an illusion

Question 6

Compared to European American girls, African American girls are ______ with their physical appearance and ______ likely to turn inward and blame themselves for not attaining the American physical ideal.

A) less happy, less
B) more happy, less
C) less happy, more
D) more happy, more

Question 7

Schemas that influence the ways in which we interpret the successes and shortcomings of other people and ourselves are called ______.

A) determinants
B) attributions
C) postulates
D) inhibitory filters

Question 8

Which of the following theorists did NOT view the self as a central architect or guiding principle of personality?

A) Carl Jung
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Alfred Adler
D) Carl Rogers

Question 9

A schema about how people should behave in certain situations and activities is called a ______ schema.

A) person
B) situation
C) self-
D) role

Question 10

Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to be satisfied with their physical selves?

A) European American women
B) African-American women
C) African-American men
D) European American men

Question 11

Self-concepts and self-ideals are examples of ______ schemas.

A) person
B) situation
C) self-
D) role

Question 12

Jim believes that all people who do not follow his religion are depraved sinners who will never go to heaven. His belief about religion is an example of a(n) ______.

A) schema
B) attribution
C) consensus
D) response cue

Question 13

The totality of our impressions, thoughts, and feelings, such that we have a conscious, continuous sense of being in the world is the ______.

A) persona
B) ego
C) animus
D) self

Question 14

Rogers defines ______ as the ongoing sense of who and what you are, and why you react to the environment.

A) the self
B) direct inner awareness
C) the persona
D) the identity

Question 15

The set of beliefs, feelings, and generalizations we have about ourselves is a(n) ______ schema.

A) person
B) ego
C) self-
D) role

Question 16

A schema about how a particular individual is expected to behave is called a ______ schema.

A) person
B) situation
C) self-
D) role

Question 17

A concept is most similar to what cognitive psychologists call a(n) ______.

A) schema
B) attribution
C) consensus
D) response cue

Question 18

An organized collection of beliefs and feelings about a thing, such as a stereotype, a preconception, or a generalization is called a(n) ______.

A) schema
B) value
C) attribution
D) consensus

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT discussed in your text as one of the parts of the self?

A) the physical self
B) the psychological self
C) the social self
D) the personal self

Question 20

Our first impressions of others cause us to form ______ schemas.

A) person
B) situation
C) self-
D) role

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true of names?

A) names and nicknames can reflect our attitudes toward ourselves
B) names often reflect parental expectations of what their children are to become
C) names have an influence on perceptions of physical attractiveness
D) unusual names seem linked to popularity in childhood and adolescence

Question 22

As compared to European Americans, among African Americans self-esteem is ______ and ethnic identity is a ______predictor of self-esteem.

A) lower, weaker
B) higher, weaker
C) lower, stronger
D) higher, stronger

Question 23

Our ______ involve the importance we place on objects and things.

A) social selves
B) values
C) mores
D) folkways

Question 24

During some periods of our lives, especially during ______, our personal values may be in flux.

A) early childhood
B) adolescence
C) young adulthood
D) old age

Question 25

We probably get along best with people whose values are ______.

A) very similar to our own
B) somewhat similar to our own
C) somewhat different than our own
D) very different than our own

Question 26

The part of a person's self that is visible to that person and to that person alone and represents the person's inner identity is called the ______.

A) physical self
B) psychological self
C) social self
D) personal self

Question 27

According to the text, the ______ refers to the various masks we wear or roles we play.

A) physical self
B) psychological self
C) social self
D) personal self

Question 28

Your inner identity is your ______.

A) physical self
B) psychological self
C) social self
D) personal self

Question 29

According to your text, college women with masculine names, who use them, are more ______ than women with masculine names who use feminine nicknames.

A) anxious
B) passive
C) athletic
D) culturally sophisticated

Question 30

According to your text, ______ girls are likely to believe that nothing is wrong with their physical selves if they fail to match the American ideal, while ______ girls are likely to look inward and blame themselves for not attaining the unreachable American physical ideal.

A) very few American, almost all American
B) European American, African-American
C) African-American, European American
D) almost all American, very few American

Question 31

Your impression, or perception, of yourself, including your traits and your evaluation of those traits, is your ______.

A) self-esteem
B) self-worth
C) self-concept
D) ideal self

Question 32

The person you think you ought to be is known as your ______ self.

A) stereotypic
B) romanticized
C) real
D) ideal

Question 33

According to your text, college women with masculine names, who use them, are LESS ______ than women with masculine names who use feminine nicknames.

A) anxious
B) socially sophisticated
C) likely to become leaders
D) culturally sophisticated

Question 34

A system of beliefs from which one derives standards of conduct or behavior is collectively known as ______.

A) mores
B) ethics
C) recriminations
D) values

Question 35

Among minorities, a strong sense of ethnic identity and pride fosters a ______ sense of community ______ social connections to others of similar background

A) weaker; and fewer
B) stronger; but fewer
C) weaker; but greater
D) stronger; and greater

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT one of the three aspects of the personal self-discussed in your text?

A) your name
B) your self-concept
C) your culture
D) your values

Question 37

According to the text, roles and masks are ______ responses to the social world.

A) reactive
B) adaptive
C) maladaptive
D) inferior

Question 38

______ give rise to personal goals and tend to place limits on the means used to obtain those goals.

A) Values
B) Mores
C) Folkways
D) Pathways

Question 39

Ethics refer to ______.

A) legal principles
B) moral values
C) standards of behavior
D) religious beliefs

Question 40

In Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper, court officials choosing between two boys whose appearance and behaviors are identical seek out the one whose ______ is that of the prince.

A) inner identity
B) social self
C) ideal self
D) value system

Question 41

Self esteem tends to ______.

A) remain stable throughout adulthood and old age
B) rise throughout much of adulthood before declining sharply in old age
C) decline steadily throughout adulthood and into old age
D) fluctuate wildly and unpredictably throughout adulthood and into old age

Question 42

Your sense of who you are and what you stand for is your sense of ______.

A) self-identity
B) self-efficacy
C) role diffusion
D) social status

Question 43

The identity status that describes individuals who have resolved an identity crisis and committed to a relatively stable set of beliefs or course of action is ______.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 44

According to Marcia, it is possible to classify the identity status of the individual according to the presence of ______.

A) self-esteem and commitment
B) commitment and adjustment
C) adjustment and a crisis
D) a crisis and commitment

Question 45

Self-esteem is positively correlated with ______.

A) neither psychological nor physical health
B) psychological but not physical health
C) physical but not psychological health
D) both psychological and physical health

Question 46

The discrepancy between the way you see yourself and what you think you ought to be is your ______.

A) self-concept
B) personal self
C) self-esteem
D) self-evaluation

Question 47

Our "oughts" and "shoulds" are found primarily in our ______.

A) self-concept
B) self-efficacy expectancies
C) self-serving bias
D) ideal self

Question 48

Self-esteem basically depends on the difference between our self-concept and our ______.

A) psychological self
B) physical self
C) ideal self
D) perceived self-efficacy

Question 49

Self-esteem is linked to _____.

A) neither the ability to cope nor the stress associated with the transition to college
B) the ability to cope but not the stress associated with the transition to college
C) the stress associated with the transition to college but not the ability to cope
D) the ability to cope and the stress associated with the transition to college

Question 50

According to your text, self-esteem ______.

A) is innate
B) is your perception of yourself
C) begins with parental love and approval
D) develops primarily during adolescence

Question 51

According to Erikson, the fundamental challenge of adolescence is the creation of one's ______.

A) physical self
B) adult self-identity
C) self-efficacy expectancies
D) psychological hardiness

Question 52

Erikson believed that the key to identity development was ______.

A) physical separation and independence from one's parents
B) the development of formal operational thinking
C) the choice and commitment to an occupational or life role
D) becoming involved in a long-term, committed romantic relationship

Question 53

Erikson believed that a crisis of self-identity is ______.

A) a normal part of development and can be a growth experience
B) a sign of fixation at an early stage of development
C) indicative of low self-efficacy expectations
D) the direct result of being raised with conditional positive regard

Question 54

Your self-approval, or self-respect, is your ______.

A) self-esteem
B) self-concept
C) ideal self
D) self-efficacy

Question 55

According to your text, parents of boys with low self-esteem were likely to be ______.

A) extremely lenient; rarely, if ever, disciplining their sons
B) generally lenient, but harsh when they did decide to discipline their sons
C) strict, but not harsh or cruel
D) rigid and harsh in dealing with most disciplinary situations

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT one of the four identity statuses identified by Marcia?

A) identity achievement
B) identity crisis
C) identity diffusion
D) identity foreclosure

Question 57

According to your text, ______ experiences an identity crisis; ______ develops a commitment to a life role.

A) not everyone, not everyone
B) everyone, not everyone
C) not everyone, everyone
D) everyone, everyone

Question 58

According to the text, the parents of boys with high self-esteem were ______ demanding and ______ involved in their lives.

A) less, barely
B) more, barely
C) less, highly
D) more, highly

Question 59

According to your text, parents of boys with high self-esteem were likely to be ______.

A) extremely lenient; rarely, if ever, disciplining their sons
B) generally lenient, but harsh when they did decide to discipline their sons
C) strict, but not harsh or cruel
D) rigid and harsh when dealing with most disciplinary situations

Question 60

Marcia identified ______ identity statuses.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 61

According to Marcia, the identity foreclosure is characterized by the ______ of commitment and the ______ of a crisis.

A) absence; absence
B) presence; absence
C) absence; presence
D) presence; presence

Question 62

Waterman & Nevid's research of college students found that ______ endorsed premarital sex.

A) only a minority of males and females
B) a majority of females, but not males
C) a majority of males, but not females
D) a majority of males and females

Question 63

According to Marcia, the identity moratorium is characterized by the ______ of commitment and the ______ of a crisis.

A) absence; absence
B) presence; absence
C) absence; presence
D) presence; presence

Question 64

Waterman & Nevid's research of college students found that in developing their sexual attitudes, ______.

A) neither males nor females had gone through an identity crisis
B) males, but not females, had gone through an identity crisis
C) females, but not males, had gone through an identity crisis
D) both males and females had gone through an identity crisis

Question 65

Mary is stable and conscientious in her pursuits. She recently decided to go into law, because of the challenge and sense of accomplishment it provides her. This choice went against family pressure she was receiving to follow a more traditional career path into nursing. She is best described as being in the identity status of ______.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 66

Mary is confused. She is intensely examining various alternatives on issues that are important to her and her future. Should she get married or not, go to graduate school or get a full-time job, or become active in the local environmental group? She is best described as having an identity status of ______.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 67

Carl believes the same religious beliefs as his parents and generally "follows the crowd" without seriously questioning his personal attitudes or course of action. He is best described as being in the identity status of ______.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 68

Erik Erikson's views on the development of personality were intended to apply primarily to ______.

A) minorities
B) immigrants
C) males
D) females

Question 69

People who reach the status of identity achievement tend to be ______ in their pursuits.

A) unstable and impulsive
B) stable but impulsive
C) unstable but conscientious
D) stable and conscientious

Question 70

Waterman & Nevid's research found that among college students, the lowest incidence of identity diffusion was in ______.

A) political ideology
B) career decision making
C) sexual decision making
D) religious ideology

Question 71

People who are in the identity status of ______ tend to be isolated from or not open to new experiences.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 72

The identity status that describes individuals who are in the throes of an identity crisis is ______.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 73

The identity status that describes individuals who have adopted a commitment to a set of beliefs or course of action without undergoing an identity crisis is ______.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 74

According to Marcia, the identity diffusion is characterized by the ______ of commitment and the ______ of a crisis.

A) absence; absence
B) presence; absence
C) absence; presence
D) presence; presence

Question 75

According to Marcia, the identity achievement is characterized by the ______ of commitment and the ______ of a crisis.

A) absence; absence
B) presence; absence
C) absence; presence
D) presence; presence

Question 76

Waterman & Nevid's research found that among male college students, most were in the status of ______ in regards to sex.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 77

People in the identity status of ______ tend to carefully evaluate their values, attitudes, feelings, and the possibilities that are open to them.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 78

The identity status that describes individuals who have neither arrived at a commitment nor experienced an identity crisis is ______.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 79

Carl tends to act on whims. He has no stable set of beliefs, no coherent plans for his future, and is not attempting to develop any. He just sort of "lives for the moment." He is best described as having an identity status of ______.

A) identity foreclosure
B) identity moratorium
C) identity achievement
D) identity diffusion

Question 80

Waterman & Nevid's research found that among college students, the highest incidence of identity diffusion was in ______.

A) political ideology
B) career decision-making
C) sexual decision-making
D) religious ideology