Deck 12: Emotion

Question 1

How is heart rate affected by the presentation of unpleasant stimuli?

Answer 1

Heart rate declines

Question 2

Physical manifestations of emotions such as anxiety are produced by our autonomic nervous system.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Describe how skin conductance can be used to measure emotional arousal.

Answer 3

Skin conductance or the electrical resistance of the skin reflects the level of perspiration that a person is experiencing. High conductance is associated with high emotional arousal.

Question 4

Amanda participated in a study in which she was asked to describe her reactions to a short film using words that describe emotions such as cheerful, angry, and timid. What approach was being used to measure her emotional experience?

A) Behavioral displays
B) Self-report
C) Associative learning
D) Physiological reactions

Question 5

What 3 methodologies are used to measure emotions?

Question 6

Happiness is universally expressed with a smile.

Question 7

Behavioral observations of emotion are the most widely used approach to study emotion.

Question 8

A universal definition of emotion has eluded scientists.

Question 9

How does the cognitive component of emotion determine how intensely we experience an emotion?

Question 10

What phenomenon is described by the finding that people need to share emotionally intense experiences with others?

Question 11

What emotional response is associated with clenched teeth and furrowed eye brows?

A) Frustration
B) Happiness
C) Sadness
D) Anger

Question 12

What component of the nervous system acts to return the body to a normal state following an intense physiological reaction to emotion?

Question 13

Identify 2 ways in which emotion can be expressed.

Question 14

Identify 2 changes in bodily arousal that may accompany an emotion?

Question 15

A physiological measure of emotion that collects data on muscle contractions in the face is known as facial __________.

Question 16

Approximately how many words in the English language refer to emotion?

A) 200
B) 300
C) 400
D) 500

Question 17

An individual state that occurs in response to some internal or external event is defined as a(n) __________.

Question 18

Ekman and colleagues found that people can typically identify 6 emotions from facial expression __________.

Question 19

Pupil __________ is a physiological response to emotion.

Question 20

Patterns of behavior that help us adapt and survive in our environments are known as __________ tendencies.

Question 21

What approach does the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) use to measure emotional experience?

A) behavioral displays
B) self-report
C) associative learning
D) physiological reactions
E) none of these

Question 22

What involuntary startle reflex was described in the text as a reliable measure of how adults emotionally react to life situations?

A) knee jerk
B) Babinski
C) eyeblink
D) Moro
E) all of these

Question 23

Which of the following activities are related to the physiological component of emotion?

A) increased heart rate
B) body temperature
C) respiration
D) pupil dilation
E) all of these

Question 24

What action tendency evokes forgiveness and adherence to social norms?

A) happiness
B) anger
C) embarrassment
D) anxiety
E) sadness

Question 25

In general, what portion of the human nervous system is responsible for producing the physical manifestations of anxiety?

A) peripheral nervous system
B) central nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) autonomic nervous system
E) sympathetic nervous system
I don't like the fact that you have the two subcomponents of the autonomic nervous system as options. (parasympathetic and sympathetic )

Question 26

What division of the human nervous system is responsible for returning the body to a normal state?

A) peripheral nervous system
B) central nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) autonomic nervous system
E) sympathetic nervous system

Question 27

Jason found that he easily remembered the details of the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11 because of the emotions he felt watching the devastation of New York. What function of emotions is being illustrated here?

A) prioritizing our concerns
B) making decisions
C) goal-directed behavior
D) organizing our memories
E) none of these

Question 28

What action tendency evokes forgiveness and motivates reconciliation?

Question 29

What physiological measurement technique measures muscle contractions in areas of the face when emotionally charged stimuli are encountered?

A) Facial EEG
B) Facial PET
C) Facial X-Rays
D) Facial EMG
E) Facial MRI

Question 30

Following the flood, Jane was worried that desperate looters were going to attack her when they saw that she was carrying food and water. As a result, her sympathetic nervous system required her to take swift action for survival by running away quickly. What response is occurring here?

A) fight-or-flight
B) kill-or-be-killed
C) survival of the fittest
D) dog-eat-dog
E) none of these

Question 31

Jenny though about her new puppy, Max, and had warm fuzzy, pleasant thoughts about him. If her heart rate were assessed, what pattern would be observed for this pleasant stimulus?

A) reduced
B) accelerated
C) stopped
D) a-waves
E) none of these

Question 32

According to research by Ekman, there are six fundamental emotions. Which of the following is NOT one of these six emotions?

A) curiosity
B) happiness
C) fear
D) surprise
E) disgust

Question 33

Describe 2 of Cannon's criticisms of the James-Lange theory of emotion.

Question 34

Who was the leading critic of the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Question 35

While listening to a news story about the ongoing government efforts in the Middle East, Amelia frowned and slumped her shoulders. What emotion was she expressing?

A) anger
B) wit
C) frustration
D) sadness
E) happiness

Question 36

What division of the human nervous system is responsible for differences in the intensity of bodily reactions to stressors?

A) peripheral nervous system
B) central nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) autonomic nervous system
E) sympathetic nervous system

Question 37

According to Lange, a collection of nerves and muscles that causes blood vessels to constrict or dilate is referred to as the __________ center.

Question 38

The subjective appraisal and interpretation of one's feelings are associated with what component of emotion?

A) physiological
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) sangfroid
E) twinterberg

Question 39

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, an experience without a physiological response cannot induce an emotion.

Question 40

Describe the relationship between emotional expression and relationship quality.

Question 41

According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, which structure relays information about an emotionally stirring event to the sympathetic nervous system?

A) Anterior cingulate cortex
B) Frontal cortex
C) Thalamus
D) Cerebellum

Question 42

What type of smile only involves muscles around the mouth?

Question 43

According to James, how does an emotion begin?

A) elicitation of physiological change
B) elicitation of behavioral change
C) information processed by the brain
D) perception of an event
E) when a decision is made

Question 44

What types of stimuli did Lazarus use when studying emotional response?

Question 45

Jonas was anxious about his upcoming wedding. According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, what structure relays information about an event to the sympathetic nervous system?

A) anterior cingulate cortex
B) frontal cortex
C) thalamus
D) cerebellum
E) none of these

Question 46

Facial expressions not only express an emotion but also intensify the physiological experience of the emotion.

Question 47

Colin was sweaty and hot from the summer sun when his father spoke to him. Colin interpreted this interaction as his father reprimanding him. Who proposed a theory that suggests that physiological responses to a stimulus like the sun provides the basis for our experiencing an emotion?

A) James
B) Pavlov
C) Cannon
D) Schacter
E) Watson

Question 48

According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, which comes first: the experience of emotion or bodily arousal?

A) arousal occurs first
B) emotion occurs first
C) it varies by situation
D) simultaneously
E) none of these

Question 49

What research evidence suggests that all people, regardless of culture or country of origin can effectively interpret basic emotions?

Question 50

According to Schachter and Singer, _____ determine our emotional state.

A) physiological arousal factors
B) cognitive factors
C) evolutionary factors
D) genetic factors

Question 51

Why may emotional patterns be passed from one generation to the next?

Question 52

When a smile involves muscle activity around the eyes and mouth, it is described as a genuine or __________ smile.

Question 53

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion postulates that the subjective experience of emotion and the activation of the sympathetic nervous system occur simultaneously.

Question 54

Schacter and Singer believed that earlier theories of emotion neglected the influence of __________ in our emotional experiences.

Question 55

Lazarus argued that cognitive __________ serves as a mediator between environmental stimuli and people's reactions to those stimuli.

Question 56

What term refers to the sensory feedback received from the activity of facial muscles?

A) Facial efference
B) Facial emotion
C) Facial expression
D) Facial feedback

Question 57

Citing the work of Maranon, Cannon argued that the injection _____ does not induce identifiable emotional reactions.

A) cocaine
B) caffeine
C) alcohol
D) adrenaline
E) all of these

Question 58

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, which comes first: the experience of emotion or bodily arousal?

A) arousal occurs first
B) emotion occurs first
C) it varies by situation
D) simultaneously
E) none of these

Question 59

Describe Schacter and Singer's two-factor theory of emotion.

Question 60

Describe the facial-feedback theory of emotion.

Question 61

Given the findings from Lazarus, which statement is most likely to physiologically arouse PETA members watching a movie?

A) no animals were harmed during filming
B) animals were simulated during filming
C) animals suffered pain during filming
D) animals being pampered during filming

Question 62

In the initial study conducted by Schacter and Singer the _____ group that received epinephrine and were told that they would experience no side effects.

A) informed
B) deceived
C) misinformed
D) control
E) none of these

Question 63

Darren and Cynthia were running partners who mistook their physical arousal for romantic arousal. What theory of emotion describes the mislabeling of physical arousal?

A) James-Lange
B) Cannon-Bard
C) Schacter-Singer
D) Facial

Question 64

Newborn infants can only vacillate between a few __________ states such as distressed and content.

Question 65

According to Lewis, at what age does an infant begin to express anger?

A) at birth
B) two-three months
C) four-six months
D) nine-twelve months
E) two years

Question 66

How is the cognitive-mediational theory of emotion different from Schacter and Singer's theory?

A) arousal is more important
B) cognitive interpretations play a broader role
C) cognitive interpretations play a lesser role
D) the id is in charge of cognition
E) the ego is in charge of cognition

Question 67

What psychologist developed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotion?

A) Piaget
B) Freud
C) Adler
D) Skinner
E) Lazarus

Question 68

To Darwin, emotions served a ______ function.

A) communication
B) sexual
C) survival the book talks about a communication purpose essential to survival. Get rid of survival as a distractor
D) food gathering

Question 69

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the Evolutionary theory of emotion?

A) emotions are not restricted to specific situations
B) all emotions are learned, not innate
C) survival is not related to emotion
D) Emotions are slow because they are not automatic responses
E) all of these

Question 70

What type of smile reveals genuine emotion due to facial activity around the eyes and mouth?

A) Duchenne
B) social
C) fake
D) cognitive
E) DuChamps

Question 71

When do people begin to display the basic emotions and associated facial expressions?

A) infancy
B) 2-6 years
C) adolescence
D) adulthood
E) old age

Question 72

According to Lewis, at what age does an infant begin to display happiness and excitement?

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 12 months
D) 2 years

Question 73

Which of the following statements best describes Izard's differential emotions theory?

A) Emotions impede development.
B) Emotions trigger cognitive development.
C) Cognitive development triggers emotions.
D) Cognitive development impedes emotion.

Question 74

To combat depression, Anne's therapist told her to practice smiling. What theory of emotion does Anne's therapist support?
a) Cannon-Bard
b) James-Lange
c) Cognitive-mediational
d) evolutionary
e) facial-feedback

Question 75

The term _____ suggests that facial expressions not only express an emotion but they also intensify the physiological experience of emotion.

A) facial efference
B) facial disclosure
C) facial nomenclature
D) facial EMG

Question 76

What theorists differential emotions theory suggests that emotions trigger cognitive development?

A) Lewis
B) Izzard spelled wrong - should be Izard.
C) Swenson
D) Baker-Ward

Question 77

Which of the following is an emotion of self-consciousness?

A) sadness
B) disgust
C) happiness
D) empathy
E) anger

Question 78

Data collected by Dutton and Aron (1974) indicated that anxious arousal from being on a narrow bridge can be misinterpreted as romantic interest. What theory of emotion does this data support?

A) James-Lange
B) Cannon-Bard
C) Schacter-Singer
D) Facial

Question 79

What term is used to describe the realization that 18-24 month old infants look at themselves as being separate from other people?

A) objective self-awareness
B) subjective self
C) objective discrimination
D) two year vision
E) deindividuation

Question 80

When a child reaches 18 to 24 months of age, what cognitive milestone allows him or her to express envy and empathy?