Deck 7: The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Question 1

The members of a homologous pair of chromosomes in a sexually reproducing organism

A) are identical in size and appearance.
B) come from only one parent.
C) separate to opposite poles of the cell during mitosis.
D) are found only in haploid cells.
E) are present only after the S phase.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In organisms that display alternation of generations,

A) only gametes are haploid.
B) only zygotes are diploid.
C) gametophytes are haploid and zygotes are diploid.
D) only diploid stages are multicellular.
E) spores and zygotes are diploid.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which statement about cervical cancer,a relatively common cancer,is false?

A) It can be detected early by a PAP test.
B) It is usually caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
C) It infects the cervical cells with viral DNA.
D) The HPV that infects cervical tissue spreads by sexual transmission.
E) It is never fatal.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical individuals because

A) chromosomes do not have to replicate during asexual reproduction.
B) it involves chromosome replication without cytokinesis.
C) no meiosis or fertilization takes place.
D) cell division occurs only in meiosis.
E) the mitotic spindle prevents nondisjunction.

Question 5

During bacterial cell division,the single cell is separated into two cells by

A) centrosomes.
B) spindle fibers.
C) nucleosomes.
D) pinching of the plasma membrane.
E) aneuploidy.

Question 6

Each diploid cell of a human female contains how many of each type of chromosome?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 23
E) 46

Question 7

The molecules that make up a chromosome are _______ and _______.

A) nucleotides;nucleosides
B) DNA;proteins
C) proteins;lipids
D) DNA;RNA
E) proteins;phospholipids

Question 8

Which statement about sexual and asexual reproduction is true?

A) Haplontic organisms reproduce asexually.
B) Sexual reproduction always involves the fertilization of eggs by sperm.
C) An organism can only reproduce either sexually or asexually.
D) Diplontic organisms are haploid in the gamete stage.
E) Diplontic organisms are diploid in the gamete stage.

Question 9

In a haplontic organism's life cycle,the mature organism develops

A) after fertilization and before meiosis.
B) after meiosis and before fertilization.
C) between meiosis I and II.
D) during G1.
E) in diploid cells.

Question 10

In which type of organism would you expect to find multicellular individuals with a ploidy value of "n"?

A) Bread mold
B) Aspen trees
C) Rabbits
D) Brown algae
E) Lizards

Question 11

In all sexually reproducing organisms,the diploid phase of the life cycle begins at

A) spore formation.
B) gamete formation.
C) meiosis.
D) mitosis.
E) fertilization.

Question 12

A bacterial cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells by a process known as

A) nondisjunction.
B) mitosis.
C) meiosis.
D) binary fission.
E) fertilization.

Question 13

A haploid cell is a cell

A) in which the genes are arranged haphazardly.
B) containing only one copy of each chromosome.
C) that can result only from mitosis.
D) with twice the number of chromosomes of a diploid cell.
E) produced only by binary fission.

Question 14

For a prokaryote cell to divide,which of the following must occur?

A) DNA replication,segregation of DNA,and cytokinesis
B) DNA replication,crossing over,and segregation of DNA
C) DNA replication and segregation of DNA
D) Cell growth and cytokinesis
E) A reproductive signal,DNA replication,segregation,and cytokinesis

Question 15

Meiosis can occur

A) in all sexually reproducing organisms.
B) only when the mature organism is diploid.
C) only in multicellular organisms.
D) only in haploid organisms.
E) only in single-celled organisms.

Question 16

Some organisms can reproduce by "cloning" themselves,an asexual process.Which type of organism is least able to naturally reproduce through "cloning"?

A) Trees
B) Bacteria
C) Mammals
D) Fungi
E) Yeast

Question 17

In a diploid organism,zygotes are

A) haploid.
B) diploid.
C) animals.
D) clones.
E) gametes.

Question 18

Fission yeast can reproduce asexually following mitosis by

A) forming gametes.
B) binary fission.
C) cloning.
D) fertilization.
E) cytokinesis.

Question 19

The major drawback of asexual reproduction is that it

A) takes a great deal of time.
B) generates variation.
C) results in frequent replication errors (mutations).
D) requires cytokinesis.
E) produces less variation among offspring compared to sexual reproduction.

Question 20

Bacteria typically have _______,whereas eukaryotes have _______.

A) one chromosome that is usually circular;several chromosomes that are linear
B) several chromosomes that are circular;several chromosomes that are linear
C) one chromosome that is linear;several chromosomes that are circular
D) two chromosomes that are usually circular;eight chromosomes that are linear
E) one chromosome that is linear;several chromosomes that are linear

Question 21

Cells that do not divide are usually arrested in

A) S phase.
B) G1 phase.
C) G2 phase.
D) M phase.
E) prophase.

Question 22

A cell synthesizes the components required for mitosis during

A) G1 phase.
B) S phase.
C) G2 phase.
D) M phase.
E) prophase.

Question 23

During mitosis and meiosis the chromatin condenses.Which process takes place more easily because of this compaction?

A) The orderly distribution of genetic material to two new nuclei
B) The replication of the DNA
C) Exposure of the genetic information on the DNA
D) The unwinding of DNA from around the proteins
E) The disappearance of the nuclear membrane

Question 24

Segregation of DNA occurs during

A) G1 phase.
B) S phase.
C) G2 phase.
D) M phase.
E) prophase.

Question 25

Which statement about mitosis is true?

A) The chromosome number in the resulting nuclei is halved.
B) DNA replication is completed in prophase.
C) Crossing over occurs during prophase.
D) Two genetically identical daughter nuclei are formed.
E) It consists of two nuclear divisions.

Question 26

Centrosomes

A) are constricted regions of phase chromosomes.
B) are part of cilia.
C) are the central region of the cell.
D) are the region where the membrane constricts during cytokinesis.
E) determine the plane of cell division.

Question 27

A cell carries out its specialized functions during

A) G1 phase.
B) S phase.
C) G2 phase.
D) M phase.
E) prophase.

Question 28

The products of mitosis are

A) one nucleus containing twice as much DNA as the parent nucleus.
B) two genetically identical cells.
C) four nuclei containing half as much DNA as the parent nucleus.
D) four genetically identical nuclei.
E) two genetically identical nuclei.

Question 29

Mature nerve cells,which are incapable of cell division,are most likely in

A) G1 phase.
B) S phase.
C) G2 phase.
D) mitosis.
E) meiosis.

Question 30

Condensation of chromosomes occurs during

A) G1 phase.
B) S phase.
C) G2 phase.
D) interphase.
E) prophase.

Question 31

A typical eukaryotic cell cycle consists of

A) mitosis and meiosis.
B) G1,the S phase,and G2.
C) prophase,metaphase,anaphase,and telophase.
D) interphase,mitosis,and cytokinesis.
E) mitosis and fertilization.

Question 32

DNA replication occurs

A) during both mitosis and meiosis.
B) only during mitosis.
C) only during meiosis.
D) during S phase.
E) during G2 phase.

Question 33

How does a nucleus in G2 differ from a nucleus in G1?

A) The G2 nucleus has twice the amount of DNA as the G1 nucleus.
B) The nuclear envelope breaks down during G2 phase.
C) Inactive cells are arrested only in G2 phase.
D) During G2,the cell prepares for DNA synthesis.
E) The G1 nucleus has twice the amount of DNA as the G2 nucleus.

Question 34

Cytokinesis occurs during

A) G1 phase.
B) S phase.
C) G2 phase.
D) M phase.
E) prophase.

Question 35

During prokaryotic cell division,duplicated chromosomes separate from each other and are distributed into the daughter cells by

A) attaching themselves to microtubules.
B) a mitotic spindle.
C) repellent forces.
D) the attaching of adjacent regions of ori to a protein filament.
E) the attaching of ter to a protein filament.

Question 36

The DNA of a typical eukaryotic cell is

A) linear.
B) single-stranded.
C) circular.
D) complex inverted.
E) conservative.

Question 37

Which outcome would most likely result from a mutation in the ori gene of a bacterial cell?

A) The cell is unable to detect whether conditions were favorable for replication.
B) The initiation of DNA replication is hindered.
C) DNA replication is prolonged abnormally.
D) The cell is unable to segregate DNA molecules.
E) The cell cannot undergo meiosis.

Question 38

Replication of DNA occurs during

A) G1 phase.
B) S phase.
C) G2 phase.
D) M phase.
E) prophase.

Question 39

A subset of cells in the intestinal epithelium divides continually in order to replace dead cells.A microscopic examination of this population of cells would show that most of them

A) have condensed chromatin.
B) are in meiosis.
C) are in mitosis.
D) are in interphase.
E) are undergoing cytokinesis.

Question 40

Which phase of the cell cycle is/are not part of interphase?

A) M
B) S
C) G1
D) G2
E) Both a and b

Question 41

Microtubules that form the mitotic spindle tend to originate from or terminate in

A) centromeres and telomeres.
B) euchromatin.
C) centrioles and telomeres.
D) the nuclear envelope.
E) centrioles and kinetochores.

Question 42

After the centromeres separate during mitosis,the chromatids,now called _______,move toward opposite poles of the spindle.

A) centrosomes
B) kinetochores
C) half-spindles
D) asters
E) daughter chromosomes

Question 43

At the milestone that defines anaphase,the chromosomes

A) separate.
B) come together.
C) are at opposite poles.
D) line up.
E) cross over.

Question 44

The structures that line up the chromatids on the equatorial plate during metaphase are called

A) asters.
B) polar and kinetochore microtubules.
C) centrosomes.
D) centrioles.
E) poles.

Question 45

At the milestone that defines telophase,the chromosomes

A) separate.
B) come together.
C) are at opposite poles.
D) line up.
E) cross over.

Question 46

The uncondensed length of human DNA found in chromosomes is _______,whereas a typical cell is 10 $\mu$ m in length.

A) 5 $\mu$ m
B) 2 $\mu$ m
C) 2 meters
D) 20 meters
E) 200 meters

Question 47

Which of the following is not involved in the separation of paired chromatids and their movement to opposite poles?

A) ATP is hydrolyzed by cytoplasmic dynein.
B) Kinetochore microtubules shorten.
C) Kinetochore microtubules pull the chromatids away from the equatorial plate.
D) Polar microtubules push the chromatids to the poles.
E) Astral microtubules help keep poles apart.

Question 48

The energy to move chromosomes during mitosis is provided by

A) centrioles.
B) DNA polymerization.
C) migration of the centrosomes.
D) formation of the cell plate.
E) ATP.

Question 49

Which does not represent a correct pairing of phase and event?

A) Prophase: duplication of centrosome
B) Metaphase: formation of equatorial plate
C) Telophase: formation of nuclear envelopes
D) Interphase: replication of DNA
E) Anaphase: separation of chromatids

Question 50

In mitotic metaphase,a cell with eight sister chromatids has _______ centromere(s).

A) no
B) one
C) two
D) four
E) eight

Question 51

The microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to a specialized structure in the centromere region of each chromosome called the

A) kinetochore.
B) nucleosome.
C) equatorial plate.
D) aster.
E) centrosome.

Question 52

Which statement correctly distinguishes kinetochore microtubules from polar microtubules?

A) Kinetochore microtubules are replaced by polar microtubules when the chromatids move toward the poles.
B) Only polar microtubules contain cytoplasmic dynein,which acts as a "molecular motor."
C) Kinetochore microtubules attach to the chromosomes,whereas polar microtubules extend from one pole to the other.
D) Kinetochore microtubules form before polar microtubules.
E) There is no difference;they are both names for the same structure.

Question 53

During mitotic anaphase,chromosomes migrate

A) from the poles of the cell toward the equatorial plate.
B) from the equatorial plate toward the poles.
C) toward the nuclear envelope.
D) along with their sister chromatids toward one pole.
E) along with the other member of the homologous pair toward the equatorial plate.

Question 54

Chromosomes "decondense" into diffuse chromatin

A) at the end of telophase.
B) at the beginning of prophase.
C) at the end of interphase.
D) at the end of metaphase.
E) only in dying cells.

Question 55

Chromatin condenses to form discrete,visible chromosomes

A) early in G1.
B) during S.
C) during telophase.
D) during prophase.
E) at the end of cytokinesis.

Question 56

At the milestone that defines metaphase,the chromosomes

A) separate.
B) come together.
C) are at opposite poles.
D) line up at the equatorial plate.
E) cross over.

Question 57

When dividing cells are examined under a light microscope,chromosomes first become visible during

A) interphase.
B) the S phase.
C) prophase.
D) G1 phase.
E) G2 phase.

Question 58

Which of the following occurs during mitotic prometaphase?

A) Dissociation of chromatids at the centromere
B) Chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate
C) Disappearance of the nuclear envelope
D) Synapsis of homologous chromosomes
E) Duplication of chromosomes

Question 59

Late in mitotic anaphase,a cell with 28 daughter chromosomes has _______ centromeres in the dividing cell.

A) no
B) 14
C) 28
D) 56
E) 112

Question 60

The mitotic spindle is composed of

A) chromosomes.
B) chromatids.
C) microtubules.
D) chromatin.
E) centrosomes.

Question 61

Which process increases the genetic diversity of offspring?

A) Mitosis
B) Cloning
C) Sexual reproduction
D) Cytokinesis
E) Fission

Question 62

Which statement about meiosis and mitosis is true?

A) DNA replication occurs only in mitosis.
B) DNA replication occurs only in meiosis.
C) The products of meiosis can be different from one another,while the products of mitosis are all the same (except for rare mutations).
D) The products of mitosis can be different from one another,while the products of meiosis are all the same (except for rare mutations).
E) Mitosis and meiosis are the same process.

Question 63

During asexual reproduction,the genetic material of the parent is passed on to the offspring by

A) homologous pairing.
B) meiosis and fertilization.
C) mitosis and cytokinesis.
D) karyotyping.
E) chiasmata.

Question 64

When the cyclin‒CDK complex phosphorylates RB,the cell cycle progresses from _______ to _______.

A) G1 phase;G2 phase
B) G2 phase;prophase
C) G1 phase;S phase
D) S phase;prophase
E) metaphase;anaphase

Question 65

At the end of the first meiotic division,each chromosome consists of

A) chiasmata.
B) a homologous chromosome pair.
C) four copies of each DNA molecule.
D) two chromatids.
E) a pair of polar microtubules.

Question 66

In a particular diploid organism,somatic cells have 24 chromosomes.How many chromosomes would be present in the gametes of that organism?

A) 1
B) 6
C) 12
D) 24
E) 48

Question 67

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)catalyze the phosphorylation of targeted proteins,a process that

A) decreases the mass of the proteins.
B) makes the targeted proteins hydrophobic.
C) changes the shape and function of the targeted proteins.
D) gives the proteins a three-dimensional shape.
E) blocks the cell cycle from proceeding.

Question 68

In an organism with a haploid number of 9,a skin cell has _______ chromosomes,a sperm cell at meiotic anaphase II has _______ chromosomes,and a newly formed zygote has _______ chromosomes.

A) 18;18;18
B) 9;9;9
C) 9;18;9
D) 18;9;9
E) 18;9;18

Question 69

The distribution of mitochondria between the daughter cells during cytokinesis

A) is random.
B) is directed by the mitotic spindle.
C) is directed by the centrioles.
D) results in the retention of mitochondria in the parent cell.
E) occurs only during meiosis.

Question 70

Which statement about plant cytokinesis is true?

A) It begins when telophase ends.
B) A division furrow completely splits the cytoplasm.
C) It is under the control of Ca²⁺.
D) Vesicles fuse to form a cell plate.
E) The spindle fibers break down to form a cell plate.

Question 71

During meiosis,the sister chromatids separate during

A) anaphase I.
B) anaphase II.
C) S phase.
D) synapsis.
E) telophase II.

Question 72

When cyclin binds CDK,

A) the cell transitions from G2 to S.
B) kinase activation occurs.
C) chromosomes condense.
D) the cell quickly enters M phase.
E) the cell undergoes apoptosis.

Question 73

In an organism with a diploid number of 8,a gamete has _______ chromosomes and a liver cell has _______ chromosomes.

A) 8;8
B) 8;4
C) 2;8
D) 4;8
E) 4;4

Question 74

Which event is not part of sexual reproduction?

A) The segregation of homologous chromosomes during gamete formation
B) The fusion of sister chromatids during fertilization
C) The fusion of haploid cells to form a diploid zygote
D) The reduction in chromosome number during meiosis
E) The production of genetically distinct gametes during meiosis

Question 75

In plant cells,cytokinesis is accomplished by the formation of a(n)

A) aster.
B) membrane furrow.
C) equatorial plate.
D) cell plate.
E) spindle.

Question 76

The initiation of the S phase of the cell cycle depends on the functional activity of a pair of molecules called _______ and _______.

A) actin;myosin
B) CDKs;cyclin
C) ligand;receptor
D) MSH;MSH-receptor
E) ATP;ATPase

Question 77

The event in the cell division process that clearly involves microfilaments is

A) chromosome separation during anaphase.
B) movement of chromosomes to the metaphase plate.
C) chromosome condensation during prophase.
D) disappearance of the nuclear envelope during prophase.
E) cytokinesis in animal cells.

Question 78

Regulation of the cell cycle is dependent on cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).The key factor that allows a cell to progress beyond the restriction point in G1 is

A) the presence of cyclin.
B) the absence of cyclin.
C) the presence of cyclin and CDK.
D) phosphorylation of RB by CDK.
E) the presence of external signals from growth factors.

Question 79

An environmental change that leads to the production of decreased levels of cyclin expression would tend to _______ the activity of the CDK.This would lead to _______ phosphorylation of RB,which in turn would lead to _______ cells being stopped at the R point.

A) increase;increased;more
B) increase;decreased;fewer
C) increase: decreased;fewer
D) decrease;increased;fewer
E) decrease;decreased;more

Question 80

Which statement about sister chromatids is false?

A) They arise by replication during S phase.
B) They separate from each other during each mitotic anaphase.
C) They usually contain identical versions of the same genetic information.
D) They separate from each other during meiosis I.
E) They are joined during meiotic prophase I and meiotic metaphase I at their common centromere.