Deck 11: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Which of the following is not one the phases of Masters' and Johnson's sexual response cycle?

A) arousal
B) excitement
C) plateau
D) orgasm
E) resolution

Answer 1

arousal

Question 2

A lesion to this brain area will result in a rat that becomes obese.

A) lateral hypothalamus
B) posterior hypothalamus
C) anterior hypothalamus
D) ventromedial hypothalamus
E) dorsomedial hypothalamus

Answer 2

ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 3

Richard and Robert are watching a film on public television.The film is of the amputation of an arm.The film evoked pleasure in Richard and disgust in Robert because each boy attached different meaning to the film.Richard,who is studying to become a doctor,interpreted the film in a clinical,detached way.The sight of blood,on the other hand,sickened Robert.Each boy had a different _____________ of the film.

A) cultural appraisal
B) instrumental reaction
C) internal eliciting appraisal
D) cognitive appraisal
E) cognitive reaction

Answer 3

cognitive appraisal

Question 4

Kinsey initially conceptualized sexual orientation as:

A) a three-dimensional construct including self-identity,sexual attraction,and actual sexual behaviour.
B) a well-defined sense of either being "male" or "female".
C) sexual behaviours that are culturally defined as being "masculine" or "feminine".
D) being genetically determined at the time of conception.
E) a continuum ranging from "exclusively homosexual" at one end to "exclusively heterosexual" at the other end.

Question 5

Your roommate loves to debate psychological theories.When discussing emotion he insists that when we encounter an emotional eliciting stimulus,it is the thalamus that sends messages to both the cortex and the body's internal organs.The signal to the cortex is what results in the experience of emotion.Your roommate's arguments are most consistent with which psychological ideas?

A) Cannon-Bard theory
B) James-Lange somatic theory
C) Freud's psychodynamic theory
D) Schachter's two-factor theory
E) Evolutionary theory

Question 6

According to Maslow's theory,humans are motivated by

A) the need to achieve self-actualization.
B) the need to maintain internal homeostasis.
C) the need to keep unconscious conflicts outside of conscious awareness.
D) the need to ensure the survival of their young.
E) the need to manage approach-approach conflicts.

Question 7

According to Clark Hull's drive theory of motivation,various drives are produced:

A) by specific instincts that are common to both humans and animals.
B) when our growth needs are not being met.
C) when we value a goal and expect that certain behaviours will lead to its accomplishment.
D) when there is a physiological disruption of homeostasis.
E) when we are unaware of our intrinsic values.

Question 8

Research on the relationship between physiological arousal and performance has determined that:

A) as arousal increases,performance always tends to increase.
B) as arousal increases,performance always tends to decrease.
C) as arousal increases,performance increases to a point,but after that,further arousal serves to decrease performance.
D) the optimal level of arousal for performance varies with task complexity.
E) both as arousal increases,performance increases to a point,but after that,further arousal serves to decrease performance AND the optimal level of arousal for performance varies with task complexity.

Question 9

The ______________ would suggest that viewing pornographic material should increase sexual aggression against women because viewers see models acting out aggression.However,the ______________ would suggest that viewing pornography should reduce aggression against women by releasing built up sexual and aggressive impulses.

A) aggressive modeling theory;catharsis principle
B) social learning theory;libidinal principle
C) social learning theory;catharsis principle
D) latent learning theory;libidinal principle
E) latent learning theory;catharsis principle

Question 10

LeDoux's work on emotions suggests that sensory information arrives at the _____________,where it is then routed to the ____________,which is responsible for labeling the emotion and is also sent to the ____________,which is responsible for coordinating and triggering physiological and behavioural responses to emotionally-arousing stimuli.

A) amygdala;cortex;thalamus
B) thalamus;cortex;amygdala
C) amygdala;thalamus;cortex
D) cortex;thalamus;amygdala
E) thalamus;amygdala;cortex

Question 11

In motivational conflict,________________ conflict is when you have to choose between two attractive alternatives,whereas _________________ conflict is when you are both attracted and repelled by the same goal.

A) approach-approach;approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance;approach-avoidance
C) approach-avoidance;approach-approach
D) avoidance-approach;avoidance-avoidance
E) none of the these

Question 12

Research conducted by April Fallon and Paul Rozin (1985)demonstrated that college women ______________ how thin they should be to conform to men's preferences,and that men ______________ how muscular they should be to conform to women's preferences.

A) underestimated;underestimated
B) overestimated;overestimated
C) overestimated;underestimated
D) underestimated;overestimated
E) none of the these

Question 13

A Buddhist exercise suggests that we should breathe in,then breathe out and smile.The act of smiling can actually make you feel happy.This is consistent with

A) Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion.
B) cultural display rules.
C) the FACS coding system.
D) the facial feedback hypothesis.
E) emotional appraisal.

Question 14

Hull suggested that disruptions to an organism's internal physiological equilibrium,also known as ______________,motivates an organism to behave in a certain way in order to reduce tension.Hull refers to this as ______________.

A) homeostasis;drive theory
B) instincts;intrinsic motivation theory
C) intrinsic motivation;drive theory
D) homeostasis;intrinsic motivation theory
E) none of the these

Question 15

____________________ states that women may view their bodies in the same way external viewers do,which can increase their body shame and anxiety,leading to eating disorders.

A) Subjectification theory
B) Objectification theory
C) Subjectification principle
D) Cafeteria diet theory
E) Justification theory

Question 16

Which of the following is FALSE regarding a lie detector?

A) A lie detector measures changes in physiological arousal.
B) Lie detectors typically generate a high degree of false positives.
C) Lie detectors actually detect lies.
D) A lie detector is really just a polygraph.
E) Arousal levels might change when someone is lying.

Question 17

Your roommate loves to debate psychological theories.When discussing emotion he insists that "We feel sad because we are crying" and "We feel fear because we tremble".Your roommate's arguments are most consistent with which psychological ideas?

A) Cannon-Bard theory
B) James-Lange somatic theory
C) Freud's psychodynamic theory
D) Schachter's two-factor theory
E) Evolutionary theory

Question 18

Emotion types (i.e.positive and negative emotions)have been linked to certain large areas of the brain.They are:

A) left hemisphere is negative emotions and right hemisphere is positive emotions
B) right hemisphere is negative emotions and left hemisphere is positive emotions
C) frontal lobes are negative emotions and occipital lobes are for positive emotions
D) frontal lobes are positive emotions and occipital lobes are for negative emotions
E) none of the these

Question 19

Mark is experiencing happiness.If we were to examine Mark's brain with an EEG trace recording,we would most likely find higher activity in

A) the right hemisphere.
B) the left hemisphere.
C) the hypothalamus.
D) the right somatosensory area.
E) the motor cortex.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental emotional patterns (work by Izard,Tomkins,and Plutchik)?

A) anger
B) fear
C) disgust
D) surprise
E) guilt

Question 21

You are about to play a game and can choose one that is either very easy,moderately difficult,or very difficult.If you are high in need achievement,you will probably choose

A) the very easy game.
B) the very difficult game.
C) the moderately difficult game.
D) the most difficult one first,then the easiest.
E) not to play at all.

Question 22

A student believes that the most important goal in school is to avoid doing more poorly than others in the class.According to achievement goal theory,this belief reflects

A) a mastery-approach goal.
B) a performance-approach goal.
C) a mastery-avoidance goal.
D) a performance-avoidance goal.
E) an unrealistic assessment.

Question 23

According to Schachter's two-factor theory of arousal,to maximize your date's attraction to you the best place to go on a first date would be:

A) seeing a romantic comedy
B) having a candlelight dinner
C) riding rollercoasters at a theme park
D) having moonlight picnic on the beach
E) going for a relaxing massage

Question 24

You are in a state of arousal known as the fight-or-flight response.Your heart rate has increased and more blood is being pumped to the hands and feet.According to theorists such as Ekman,the emotion you are experiencing is

A) fear.
B) anger.
C) happiness.
D) disgust.
E) sadness.

Question 25

If you wanted to design a new drug that makes people feel full and stop eating,or at least,eat smaller meals,you might consider stimulating the release of

A) CCK.
B) ghrelin.
C) neuropeptide Y.
D) Ach.
E) CTA.

Question 26

Sexual desire in both men and women is primarily influenced by

A) androgens.
B) estrogens.
C) estradiol.
D) the hippocampus.
E) neuropeptides.

Question 27

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the nature of emotion?

A) Emotional responses result from cognitive appraisal.
B) We respond physiologically to emotional interpretations.
C) Emotions result in expressive behaviours.
D) Emotions result in instrumental behaviours.
E) Emotional display rules are consistent across cultures.

Question 28

Professor M.decides to allow students to choose their own style of evaluation in her course.As a result of this,students feel an enhanced emotional bond to Professor M.and even to the university.According to self-determination theory,this is because

A) students are able to achieve higher goals.
B) students can now self-actualize.
C) increased autonomy results in increased relatedness.
D) fear of failure has been reduced.
E) heightened arousal is misattributed.

Question 29

Serena really wants to buy a new MacBook Air.She loves the design and the fact that Macs are easy to use.However,they are also very expensive.She does not know what to do.In terms of motivational theory,Serena is experiencing

A) approach-avoidance conflict.
B) avoidance-avoidance conflict.
C) approach-approach conflict.
D) achievement goal conflict.
E) overarousal

Question 30

Let's say that you are a heterosexual male and have just gotten off of a roller coaster ride and are,therefore,in a heightened state of arousal.An experimenter approaches you and asks you to rate the attractiveness of a number of photos of women.Your ratings are likely to be higher than another person who was approached before he got on the roller coaster.Which theory of emotion best explains this?

A) James-Lange theory
B) Cannon-Bard theory
C) Facial feedback hypothesis
D) Ekman's FACS
E) Schachter's two-factor theory

Question 31

Alicia really likes to play the piano.Her parents decided to support this activity by paying her $20 every time she went to piano practice.Lately,Alicia has found that she does not enjoy playing piano as much any more.This change in Alicia's feelings could be explained by

A) self-actualization.
B) the overjustification hypothesis.
C) expectancy-value theory.
D) drive theory.
E) negative reinforcement.