Deck 8: Memory

Question 1

At a meeting for the Habitat for Humanity Club,you meet a female named Judy who you are interested in getting to know better.You don't have a pen,but you have a good memory and you ask for her phone number.On your way home you memorize the number.You are all set to call her when you get home,but on your way you meet an old high school friend,Jim,who wants to have a get together.He is in a hurry and just shouts his number as he drives away.Once you get home you realize you have forgotten Judy's number,but remembered Jim's number.This is due to

A) retroactive interference.
B) proactive interference.
C) decay trace.
D) early onset of Alzheimer's.
E) retrograde amnesia.

Answer 1

retroactive interference.

Question 2

If you remember every detail of the last hockey game you attended,you are experiencing

A) declarative memory.
B) episodic memory.
C) semantic memory.
D) both declarative memory and episodic memory are correct.
E) both declarative memory and semantic memory are correct.

Answer 2

both declarative memory and episodic memory are correct.

Question 3

If you are told to remember a list of items or concepts by forming an image and linking each word to a different room in your house,you would be using

A) context dependent memory.
B) the method of loci.
C) referential connections.
D) mnemonic techniques.
E) automatic processing.

Answer 3

the method of loci.

Question 4

Sol is a 4-year-old boy who fell off his swing set and hit his head.He cannot remember what he was doing prior to his fall.Sol is suffering from

A) infantile amnesia.
B) interference.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) repression.
E) retrograde amnesia.

Question 5

H.M.is a patient with a memory disorder who has been studied extensively.One of the most interesting findings for scientist Brenda Milner was H.M.'s performance _________ because it demonstrated evidence of procedural memory.

A) on verbal recall
B) on facial recognition
C) on a mirror-tracing task
D) on a digit-span task
E) on a visual imagery task

Question 6

Mantyla (1986)looked at the value of retrieval cues in a sample of university students.This research found that

A) flashbulb memories were the best.
B) stress causes retrieval failures.
C) self-generated cues were the best.
D) memory improved over time.
E) students never knew the answer to begin with.

Question 7

Let's say that you have just heard a long list of words.According to the _________,you are more likely to remember the _______,but the effect disappears if ___________.

A) primacy effect;first few words;you are given time to rehearse
B) primacy effect;first few words;recall is immediate
C) short term effect;words in the middle;you allow for long-term interference
D) recency effect;last few words;you are allowed to rehearse
E) recency effect;last few words;you are prevented from rehearsing

Question 8

There are many areas of the brain involved in the role of memory.One clear conclusion seems to be that lesions in the ____________ are associated with ______________ memory problems.

A) frontal cortex;emotional
B) amygdale;long-term
C) hippocampus;encoding short-term into long-term
D) thalamus;procedural
E) hippocampus;sensory

Question 9

Short-term memory has a limited capacity,but if I wanted to increase that capacity I might try

A) chunking.
B) re-coding.
C) effortful processing.
D) establishing context dependency.
E) associative networking.

Question 10

At a meeting for the Habitat for Humanity Club,you meet a female named Judy who you are interested in getting to know better.You don't have a pen,but you have a good memory and you ask for her phone number.On your way home you memorize the number.You are all set to call her when you get home,but on your way you meet an old high school friend,Jim,who wants to have a get together.Once you get home you simply forget to call Judy.This would be an example of

A) source misattribution.
B) a failure in prospective memory.
C) boundary extension.
D) anterograde amnesia.
E) a failure in retrospective memory.

Question 11

According to the three-component model of memory,the component with the shortest storage time is

A) the sensory register.
B) short-term memory.
C) long-term memory.
D) the recency filter.
E) the primacy filter.

Question 12

Let's say that you have just heard a long list of words and are then asked to recall them.If I wanted to prevent a recency effect,I could give you a task that interfered with

A) iconic memory.
B) sensory memory.
C) long-term memory.
D) short-term memory.
E) visual codes

Question 13

You are given two sets of words.The first set contains "textbook,soap,fridge" and the second set contains "thought,preceding,readiness." According to Allan Paivio,you will remember the ____________ because the dual coding theory is more applicable to _____________.

A) first set;the method of loci
B) second set;schemas
C) second set;abstract concepts
D) first set;concrete objects
E) first set;chunking

Question 14

Sometimes memory is fabricated - we remember things that never actually occurred.Schacter studied people who claimed that they were abducted by aliens and suggests that these false memories are actually generated by

A) decreased activity in the frontal cortex.
B) faulty source monitoring.
C) repression.
D) overactive schemas.
E) infantile amnesia.

Question 15

Flashbulb memories seem vivid and clear.They are most often

A) distinctive positive events.
B) recalled accurately.
C) recalled with little confidence.
D) distinctive negative events.
E) both distinctive positive events AND distinctive negative events.

Question 16

Implicit memory is at work when you are

A) listing facts.
B) retrieving stored information.
C) recalling a list of words.
D) riding a bicycle.
E) learning a difficult task.

Question 17

A student,mentioned in the text book,wondered why he failed the first exam.After examining his textbook,the professor knew that this student stood little chance of success because he only used

A) maintenance rehearsal techniques.
B) elaborative rehearsal techniques.
C) chunking.
D) hierarchies.
E) echoic representations.

Question 18

Yan learns the words to "I Know You Want Me" while intoxicated at a frat party.Under which conditions will Yan be LEAST likely to remember these lyrics?

A) when he is drunk
B) when he is at work (and sober)
C) when is with his frat buddies at school
D) when he is at the frat house
E) when he is socializing,but sober

Question 19

Memory is ultimately a biochemical event and some researchers have suggested that memory is really a change in synaptic strength.This enduring increase in synaptic strength is referred to as

A) memory enhancement.
B) iconic tracing.
C) long-term potentiation.
D) hyperpolarization.
E) trace conditioning.

Question 20

According to the three-component model of memory

A) echoic memory lasts longer than iconic memory.
B) short term memory is different from working memory.
C) long-term memory holds incoming sensory information.
D) each component corresponds to a specific brain structure.
E) long-term memory retrieves information from the sensory input.

Question 21

Once you learn how to ride a bicycle,you never forget.This skill would be retained in your

A) declarative memory.
B) episodic memory.
C) semantic memory.
D) procedural memory.
E) explicit memory.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a component of working memory?

A) phonological loop or auditory working memory
B) visuospatial sketchpad
C) iconic store
D) central executive
E) episodic buffer

Question 23

Research indicates that you are likely to remember more on an exam if you

A) use massed practice.
B) use distributed practice.
C) avoid overlearning the material.
D) avoid using imagery.
E) learn new information independently-do not link it to existing cues.

Question 24

If you were to examine the brain of an individual with Alzheimer's disease,you would find an abnormal amount of

A) serotonin.
B) plaques and tangles.
C) repression.
D) hippocampus tissue.
E) long-term potentiation.

Question 25

All else being equal,you are likely to remember more during an exam if you write the test in the same room you had your classes.How could we explain this?

A) the flashbulb memory effect
B) distributive learning
C) a lack of interference
D) encoding specificity
E) source confusion

Question 26

Your client claims that she was sexually abused at the age of 5.She had forgotten about the incident and only recently has the memory been recovered.A Freudian psychotherapist would explain this lapse as an example of

A) delusional thinking.
B) source confusion.
C) retroactive interference.
D) decay of the memory trace.
E) repression.

Question 27

In order to transfer material from short-term to long-term memory it is necessary to engage in

A) maintenance rehearsal.
B) priming.
C) context-dependent rehearsal.
D) implicit memory practice.
E) elaborative rehearsal.

Question 28

A patient arrives at the emergency room and seems to have difficulty with various aspects of working memory.You might expect damage to the

A) temporal lobes.
B) motor cortex.
C) frontal lobes.
D) somatosensory cortex.
E) occipital lobes.

Question 29

You have just witnessed a car accident and the police officer asks you how fast the cars were going when they smashed into each other.This question may bias your answer due to the

A) repression of information effect.
B) ear witness effect.
C) possibility of flashbulb memory.
D) misinformation effect.
E) leading question effect.

Question 30

One of your best friends was in a car accident and now she cannot remember the events that occurred just before the accident.This memory loss is an example of

A) retrograde amnesia.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) proactive interference.
D) dementia.
E) decay.