Deck 15: Eukaryotic and Archaeal Genome Replication and Expression

Question 1

In eukaryotes a so-called cap consisting of __________ is attached to the 5' end of the molecule during posttranscriptional modification of hnRNA to produce functional mRNA.

Answer 1

7-methylguanosine

Question 2

Because of its larger size,the replication rate of eukaryotic genomes is significantly faster than the replication rate of prokaryotic genomes.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Split or interrupted genes have been found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A consensus sequence in the untranslated leader sequence of a prokaryotic mRNA which serves as a ribosome binding site is called the __________ sequence.

Question 5

RNA polymerase III of eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing

A)rRNA.
B)mRNA.
C)tRNA.
D)all of these.

Question 6

A bacterial __________ is the nontranscribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription.

A)operon
B)operator
C)promoter
D)initiator

Question 7

The chromosomes of most bacteria are comprised of

A)double-stranded circular molecules.
B)double-stranded linear molecules.
C)single-stranded circular molecules.
D)single-stranded linear molecules.

Question 8

DNA replication is a complex process,and as a result the frequency of error is quite high.

Question 9

The process by which the base sequence of all or a portion of a DNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called

A)replication.
B)transcription.
C)reverse transcription.
D)translation.

Question 10

The region at which the RNA polymerase binds is the __________ region.

A)leader
B)promoter
C)coding
D)trailer

Question 11

The transcribed,but not translated,sequence that is immediately upstream of the region that encodes the functional product is called the __________ region.

A)leader
B)promoter
C)coding
D)trailer

Question 12

Bacterial chromosomes,unlike eukaryotic chromosomes,often consist of a single replicon.

Question 13

Splicing of eukaryotic heteronuclear RNA is catalyzed by ______________.

Question 14

When a DNA molecule is replicated,the daughter molecules contain one strand of parental DNA and one strand of newly synthesized DNA; this is called __________ replication.

A)hemiconservative
B)conservative
C)semiconservative
D)dispersive

Question 15

Each chromosome has one or more __________ site(s)where replication begins.

A)promoter
B)replicon
C)origin
D)bifurcate

Question 16

Eukaryotic mRNAs are modified by addition of a poly(A)sequences at the 3' end and 7-methyl guanosine at the 5' end.

Question 17

The unexpressed regions of split genes are called

A)exons.
B)endons.
C)introns.
D)codons.

Question 18

The Pribnow box of

A)is centered approximately 35 bp upstream of the start site of transcription.
B)is centered between 7 and 13 bp upstream of the start codon.
C)is centered approximately 10 bp upstream of the start site of transcription.
D)is located at the site of addition of poly (A)in eukaryotic mRNAs.
E)coli

Question 19

RNA polymerase II of eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing

A)rRNA.
B)mRNA.
C)tRNA.
D)all of these.

Question 20

In eukaryotes a series of __________ residues are added to the 3' end of an RNA molecule as part of the posttranscriptional processing used to produce functional mRNA.

A)adenine
B)guanine
C)cytosine
D)uracil

Question 21

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze covalent addition of __________ __________ to tRNAs.

Question 22

Proteins that recognize unfolded polypeptides and help them fold into their proper conformations are called ______________.

Question 23

Many archaeal genomes include plasmids

Question 24

________ molecules deliver amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

A)Messenger RNA (mRNA)
B)Transfer RNA (tRNA)
C)Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
D)Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

Question 25

Most archaeal mRNAs like those of eukaryotes are spliced.

Question 26

The genetic code is said to be __________ because more than one codon will specify a particular amino acid.

A)ambiguous
B)degenerate
C)multiplicative
D)repetitious

Question 27

Key sequences exist within promoters,which vary somewhat among various promoters but are sufficiently constant that they can be represented by a sequence of bases most often found at each position.These representations are called __________ sequences.

A)convergence
B)idealized
C)consensus
D)common

Question 28

Archaeal promoters are most similar to those of

A)viruses.
B)bacteria.
C)eukaryotes.
D)both viruses and bacteria.

Question 29

Unlike members of the Bacteria,most archaeons have linear chromosomes with multiple origins of replication.

Question 30

The genetic code is translated in groups of __________ bases.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 31

The Archaea do not use __________ as a mechanism for reproduction.

A)binary fission
B)budding
C)mitosis
D)fragmentation

Question 32

What is the minimum number of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes needed to attach amino acids to all the various tRNA molecules?

A)20.
B)61.
C)64.
D)as many as there are different tRNAs.

Question 33

Ribosomes consist of __________ separate subunits that come together as part of the initiation process and dissociate immediately after termination.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 34

The process by which the base sequence of an RNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of a protein is called

A)replication.
B)transcription.
C)reverse transcription.
D)translation.

Question 35

Unlike other prokaryotes,archaeons (except Sulfolobus)have two origins of replication.

Question 36

A complex consisting of a single mRNA molecule with several ribosomes is called a

A)polysome.
B)multisome.
C)maxisome.
D)none of the choices

Question 37

In order to add a single amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain,a grand total of __________ molecules or ATP or GTP are utilized.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)six

Question 38

In __________ ribosomes can attach to the mRNA and begin translation even though transcription has not been completed.

A)prokaryotes
B)eukaryotes
C)fungi
D)protozoa and some plants

Question 39

Which of the following is not true about archaeal ribosomes?

A)They are 70S like bacterial ribosomes.
B)They may possess ribosome binding sites homologous to bacterial Shine-Dalgarno sequences.
C)They have similar antibiotic sensitivities to those of bacteria.
D)All of these are true about archaeal ribosomes.