Deck 2: Biology and Behavior

Question 1

Which term is NOT a synonym for biological psychology?

A) neuropsychology
B) physiological psychology
C) psychobiology
D) neuroscience

Answer 1

neuroscience

Question 2

Alison has developed an interest in how the brain controls the body's voluntary action.You suggest that she become a(n)_____ psychologist.

A) genetic
B) biological
C) cognitive
D) evolutionary

Answer 2

biological

Question 3

The building blocks of the nervous system are cells called:

A) neurons.
B) axons.
C) synapses.
D) dendrites.

Answer 3

neurons.

Question 4

Terminal buds are found at the ends of:

A) cell bodies.
B) dendrites.
C) axons.
D) glial cells.

Question 5

Compare your forearm,hand,and fingers to a neuron.In such an analogy,the dendrites are your:

A) forearm.
B) fingers.
C) hand.
D) wrist.

Question 6

Which brain study technique is NOT correctly matched with a limitation?

A) computerized axial tomography (CAT)- exposes people to radiation
B) electroencephalography (EEG)- is expensive and time-consuming
C) positron emission tomography (PET)- exposes people to radiation
D) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)- does not necessarily localize the cognitive processes of interest

Question 7

A researcher is using a strong magnet to track blood-oxygen changes in participants' brains as they complete decision-making tasks.The researcher is using _____ to examine the brain's activity.

A) computerized axial tomography (CAT).
B) positron emission tomography (PET).
C) electroencephalography (EEG).
D) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Question 8

Compare your forearm,hand,and fingers to a neuron.In such an analogy,the axon is your:

A) wrist.
B) fingers.
C) hand.
D) forearm.

Question 9

Later in the course,you will learn about the different patterns of electrical activity in the brain that occur in the different stages of sleep and dreaming.Our knowledge of these patterns MOST likely reflects the use of a technique known as:

A) computerized axial tomography (CAT).
B) positron emission tomography (PET).
C) electroencephalography (EEG).
D) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Question 10

A technique called _____ records the brain's activity through scalp electrodes.

A) electroencephalography(EEG)
B) positron emission tomography (PET)
C) computerized axial tomography (CAT)
D) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 11

Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic.A similar insulating function is performed in the nervous system by:

A) myelin.
B) glial cells.
C) terminal buds.
D) dendrites.

Question 12

Dendrite is to axon as _____ is to _____.

A) receiving; sending
B) sending; receiving
C) electrical; chemical
D) action potential; reuptake

Question 13

Which brain study technique is correctly matched with a description?

A) computerized axial tomography (CAT)- detects electrical energy in the brain
B) electroencephalography (EEG)- reveals patterns of blood flow in the brain
C) positron emission tomography (PET)- uses radioactive glucose to detect active areas in the brain
D) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)- uses x-rays to create cross-sectional images of the brain

Question 14

The branch-like fibers extending in clusters from the neuron's cell body are called:

A) axons.
B) glial fibers.
C) dendrites.
D) nodes of Ranvier.

Question 15

Which sequence correctly arranges nervous system structures from the largest to the smallest?

A) neuron> axon > terminal bud
B) neuron> terminal bud > axon
C) axon> terminal bud > neuron
D) axon> neuron > terminal bud

Question 16

Which statement concerning the study of the brain and the nervous system is MOST accurate?

A) The terms "neuroscience" and "biological psychology" both refer to the study of the brain and the nervous system.
B) The terms "neuroscience" and "biological psychology" both refer to the study of how the nervous system influences behavior.
C) The term "neuroscience" refers to the study of the brain and the nervous system,whereas the term "biological psychology" refers to the study of how the nervous system influences behavior.
D) The term "biological psychology" refers to the study of the brain and the nervous system,whereas the term "neuroscience" refers to the study of how the nervous system influences behavior.

Question 17

Which sequence accurately reflects the route followed by nerve impulses when one neuron communicates with another?

A) dendrite> axon > cell body
B) dendrite> cell body > axon
C) axon> cell body > dendrite
D) axon> dendrite > cell body

Question 18

_____ detects blood flow to brain regions,indicating heightened neural activity.

A) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) Positron emission tomography (PET)
C) Computerized axial tomography (CAT)
D) Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 19

An axon is a:

A) neuron's cell body.
B) support cell in the nervous system.
C) branch-like fiber extending in clusters from a neuron's cell body.
D) long,tube-like structure extending from a neuron's cell body.

Question 20

Brent is taking part in an experiment in a cognitive neuroscience lab on campus.Silently,he reads rapid sequences of words flashed on a computer screen.The electrical activity of his brain is simultaneously recorded through skull electrodes.The brain-scanning technique used in this study is:

A) computerized axial tomography (CAT).
B) electroencephalography (EEG).
C) positron emission tomography (PET).
D) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Question 21

Which disorder reflects damaged myelination?

A) muscular dystrophy
B) schizophrenia
C) Parkinson's disease
D) multiple sclerosis

Question 22

An action potential takes about _____ to complete.

A) 0.1 ms
B) 1 ms
C) 0.01 ms
D) 2 ms

Question 23

The nervous system contains not only neurons but also other cells called:

A) axons.
B) glial cells.
C) dendrites.
D) myelin cells.

Question 24

A synapse is a:

A) chemical.
B) signal.
C) joint.
D) gap.

Question 25

An action potential involves the transfer of _____ and _____ ions across an axon's membrane.

A) calcium; potassium
B) sodium; potassium
C) sodium; calcium
D) calcium; chloride

Question 26

The breaks between segments of an axon's myelin sheath are called:

A) terminal buds.
B) synapses.
C) dendritic clefts.
D) nodes of Ranvier.

Question 27

The difference in charges inside and outside a neuron determine how positively or negatively charged the neuron is overall.This is called the neuron's:

A) polarity.
B) resting potential.
C) electrostatic pressure.
D) threshold potential.

Question 28

As compared to neurons,there are:

A) fewer glial cells.
B) about as many glial cells.
C) somewhat more glial cells.
D) many more glial cells.

Question 29

A neuron's resting potential is:

A) -70 mV.
B) -55 mV.
C) 0 mV.
D) 30 mV.

Question 30

Which type of glial cell is correctly matched with its function?

A) microglia- restores the blood-brain barrier.
B) astrocytes- protect the brain from infection
C) astrocytes- make myelin.
D) microglia- protect the brain against infection.

Question 31

The electrical potential created by the difference in charge between the inside and outside of a neuron is called the neuron's _____ potential.

A) action
B) threshold
C) resting
D) electrostatic

Question 32

Which electrical charge is correctly identified?

A) -70 mV - threshold potential
B) -55 mV - threshold potential
C) 30 mV - resting potential
D) 50 mv - resting potenial

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of glial cells?

A) Defending the brain against infection.
B) Conducting action potentials.
C) Creating the myelin that insulates axons.
D) Holding neurons together.

Question 34

The chemicals that relay signals across the synapses between neurons are called:

A) action potentials.
B) neurotransmitters.
C) agonists.
D) vesicles.

Question 35

An action potential is a sudden _____ change in the electrical charge of a neuron's ______.

A) positive; axon
B) positive; dendrites
C) negative; axon
D) negative; dendrites

Question 36

Which sequence correctly reflects the order in which electrical charges occur during an action potential,from first to last?

A) threshold potential > resting potential > action potential
B) resting potential > action potential > threshold potential
C) action potential > threshold potential > resting potential
D) resting potential > threshold potential > action potential

Question 37

You cannot fire a gun softly or flush a toilet halfway.Like an action potential,gunfire and a toilet's flush follow the _____ law.

A) on-or-off
B) all-or-none
C) this-or-that
D) is-or-isn't

Question 38

As an action potential occurs,the neuron's electrical charge changes from _____ to _____.

A) negative; more negative
B) positive; more positive
C) negative; positive
D) positive; negative

Question 39

Receptor sites are found on:

A) myelin sheaths.
B) axons.
C) vesicles.
D) dendrites.

Question 40

The speed of an action potential in unmyelinated neurons is approximately _____ mph.The speed of an action potential in myelinated neurons is approximately ____ mph.

A) 1 to 4.5; 1 to 4.5
B) 1 to 4.5; 150 to 275
C) 150 to 275; 1 to 4.5
D) 150 to 275; 150 to 275

Question 41

Popular actor Michael J.Fox lives with Parkinson's disease.His symptoms include shaking and trembling,signs of a deficiency of the neurotransmitter:

A) GABA.
B) norepinephrine.
C) dopamine.
D) serotonin.

Question 42

Which neurotransmitter is correctly matched with a psychological function?

A) glutamate - relief of pain
B) serotonin - contributes to memory
C) dopamine - facilitates learning
D) acetylcholine - produces feelings of pleasure

Question 43

According to your text,Prozac and Zoloft boost the effects of serotonin.In other words,Prozac and Zoloft are serotonin:

A) agonists.
B) antagonists.
C) inhibitors.
D) stimulators.

Question 44

Too much ______ can lead to muscle spasms.

A) serotonin
B) acetylcholine
C) dopamine
D) norepinephrine

Question 45

Carmen is driving at night in an unfamiliar city.The neighborhood looks dangerous; Carmen feels lost and on edge.The neurotransmitter _____ is helping her cope with the stressful situation.

A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) GABA
D) norepinephrine

Question 46

An advertisement for a new drug therapy catches your eye.The advertisement claims that the drug will counteract the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.How does the drug probably work?

A) The drug probably acts as an acetylcholine agonist.
B) The drug probably acts as an acetylcholine antagonist.
C) The drug probably acts as a serotonin agonist.
D) The drug probably acts as a serotonin antagonist.

Question 47

The neurotransmitter GABA opposes the action of the neurotransmitter:

A) glutamate.
B) acetylcholine.
C) serotonin.
D) dopamine.

Question 48

The neurotransmitter MOST closely associated with drug abuse is:

A) dopamine.
B) glutamate.
C) norepinephrine.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 49

Glutamate is MOST central to:

A) learning and memory
B) the development of Alzheimer's disease
C) appetite
D) mood

Question 50

Which neurotransmitter is incorrectly described?

A) acetylcholine - enables movement
B) GABA - prepares the body for stress
C) serotonin - helps regulate sleep and mood
D) dopamine - plays a role in drug use

Question 51

Which sequence correctly orders neuronal components from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific?

A) axon> terminal bud > vesicle
B) axon> vesicle > terminal bud
C) vesicle> axon > terminal bud
D) vesicle> terminal bud > axon

Question 52

Methamphetamine increases the release of dopamine from an axon's terminal button.Curare blocks the release of acetylcholine.Methamphetamine is a dopamine ______; curare is an acetylcholine ______.

A) antagonist; agonist
B) exciter; inhibitor
C) agonist; antagonist
D) inhibitor; exciter

Question 53

Changes within neurons are ____ whereas changes between neurons are _____.

A) chemical; electrical
B) electrical; mechanical
C) electrical; chemical
D) mechanical; chemical

Question 54

Cocaine causes the neurotransmitter dopamine to remain at the site of the synapse longer than it normally would.Cocaine thus inhibits the process called:

A) recycling.
B) reuse.
C) reuptake.
D) reabsorption.

Question 55

Which disorder is correctly paired with an associated neurotransmitter?

A) Parkinson's disease - dopamine
B) depression - glutamate
C) schizophrenia - serotonin
D) Alzheimer's disease - endorphins

Question 56

"Runner's high" occurs when prolonged,intense athletic activity causes the release of _____,the brain's natural painkiller.

A) endorphins
B) glutamate
C) norepinephrine
D) adenosine

Question 57

Mr.Lopez is prescribed oxycodone to manage chronic lower back pain.Oxycodone is called an opioid because its action resembles that of _____,the brain's natural painkillers.

A) acetylcholine
B) dopamine
C) adenosine
D) endorphins

Question 58

Researchers have identified approximately ______ neurotransmitters.

A) 20
B) 50
C) 100
D) 200

Question 59

Parkinson's disease is caused by having too little:

A) serotonin
B) acetylcholine
C) dopamine
D) norepinephrine

Question 60

_____ function(s)as the brain's natural painkiller.

A) Acetylcholine
B) Dopamine
C) Endorphins
D) GABA

Question 61

The brain and the spinal cord constitute the _____ nervous system.

A) central
B) peripheral
C) somatic
D) primary

Question 62

Regarding the spinal cord's control of behavior,which statement is TRUE?

A) The spinal cord cannot control any behaviors without the help of the brain.
B) The spinal cord is not involved in reflexes.
C) The spinal cord and the brain rarely interact in the control of behavior.
D) The spinal cord can control some simple reflexes without the brain's help.

Question 63

At the broadest level,the nervous system is divided into the _____ and the _____ nervous systems.

A) primary; secondary
B) somatic; autonomic
C) sympathetic; parasympathetic
D) central; peripheral

Question 64

Somatic is to autonomic as ______ is to ______.

A) excitation; rest
B) involuntary; voluntary
C) rest; excitation
D) voluntary; involuntary

Question 65

The central nervous system consists of the _____.The peripheral nervous system comprises the _____.

A) somatic and autonomic nervous systems; sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
B) somatic and autonomic nervous systems; brain and the spinal cord
C) sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; somatic and autonomic nervous systems
D) brain and the spinal cord; somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 66

According to your text,caffeine increases activity not only in the brain,but also in the branch of the nervous system serving the body.This branch is called the _____ nervous system.

A) central
B) peripheral
C) primary
D) secondary

Question 67

The somatic nervous system regulates external behavior; in contrast,the _____ nervous system underlies internal behavior.

A) autonomic
B) central
C) endogenous
D) secondary

Question 68

The two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the ______ and ______ divisions.

A) somatic; autonomic
B) sympathetic; parasympathetic
C) sensory; motor
D) skeletal; muscular

Question 69

According to your text,adenosine slows down neuronal activity.In other words,adenosine is a(n)____ neurotransmitter.

A) excitatory
B) inhibitory
C) agonistic
D) antagonistic

Question 70

Which choice correctly orders branches of the nervous system from the broadest to the most specific?

A) peripheral> sympathetic > autonomic
B) peripheral> autonomic > sympathetic
C) sympathetic> peripheral > autonomic
D) autonomic> peripheral > sympathetic

Question 71

Within the reflex circuit,it is the ______ that allows the spinal cord to control certain reflexes without the brain's help.

A) motor neuron
B) sensory neuron
C) integrator
D) interneuron

Question 72

Automatic,involuntary responses to stimuli are called:

A) conditioned responses.
B) reflexes.
C) action potentials.
D) instincts.

Question 73

Which term BEST describes the organization of the nervous system?

A) linear
B) hierarchical
C) random
D) disconnected

Question 74

Sensory is to motor as _____ is to _____.

A) efferent; afferent
B) afferent; efferent
C) afferent; interneuron
D) interneuron; efferent

Question 75

With respect to acetylcholine,Botox is to nicotine as _____ is to _____.

A) stimulator; inhibitor
B) inhibitor; stimulator
C) agonist; antagonist
D) antagonist; agonist

Question 76

Imagine a large city in which a downtown business district is linked to outlying suburbs by a system of subway trains.The spinal cord's sensory neurons are analogous to the system's _____ trains; the spinal cord's motor neurons are analogous to the _____ trains.

A) local; express
B) express; local
C) inbound; outbound
D) outbound; inbound

Question 77

Bundles of neurons carrying information to and from the central nervous system are called:

A) nerves.
B) glia.
C) ganglia.
D) nuclei.

Question 78

Your textbook states that caffeine blocks adenosine receptors.Therefore,with respect to adenosine,caffeine is a(n):

A) agonist.
B) antagonist.
C) inhibitor.
D) stimulator.

Question 79

Sensory and motor nerves make up the _____ nervous system.

A) autonomic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) sympathetic

Question 80

The reflex arc is a component of the _____ nervous system.

A) somatic
B) autonomic
C) parasympathetic
D) sympathetic