Deck 7: Image Processing and Display

Question 1

Which of the following is not accomplished through the histogram analysis?

A) Compensation for image underexposure
B) Identification of the edges of the image
C) Manipulation of image contrast
D) Compensation for image overexposure

Answer 1

Manipulation of image contrast

Question 2

The monitor matrix size should be _________________ the image matrix size.

A) Smaller than
B) At least as large as
C) Five times larger than
D) Ten times larger than

Answer 2

At least as large as

Question 3

The _________ provides a method of altering the image to change the display of the digital image.

A) Histogram
B) Lookup table
C) Exposure indicator
D) Matrix

Answer 3

Lookup table

Question 4

LCD stands for:

A) Liquid cathode display
B) Liquid crystal display
C) Logarithmically created digitization
D) Layered components diagram

Question 5

Digital images that include all the raw data appear:

A) Very bright
B) Very dark
C) With low contrast
D) With high contrast

Question 6

Based on the histogram analysis, consistent image brightness is accomplished through:

A) Adjustment of window width
B) Automatic rescaling
C) Manipulation of the exposure indicator
D) Manipulation of the LUT

Question 7

In CR imaging, the ___________ of the imaging plate is scanned.

A) Exposed portion
B) Top half
C) Bottom half
D) Entire area

Question 8

Soft copy viewing means that the image is being viewed:

A) At a computer
B) On a soft piece of film
C) In a soft light environment
D) None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following exposure indicators has an inverse relationship with exposure to the IP?

A) EI (Carestream)
B) lgM (Agfa)
C) S number (Fuji)
D) All have an inverse relationship.

Question 10

The numerical value indicating the level of radiation exposure to the digital IR is the:

A) VOI
B) Histogram
C) Exposure indicator
D) LUT

Question 11

The pixel bit depth determines the image's:

A) Brightness
B) Contrast
C) Spatial resolution
D) Contrast resolution

Question 12

Which of the following changes in the exposure indicator values does NOT represent a doubling of radiation exposure to the IR?

A) S number (Fuji)changing from 200 to 400
B) S number (Fuji)changing from 400 to 200
C) EI (Carestream)changing from 1200 to 1500
D) EI (Carestream)changing from 1500 to 1800

Question 13

The range of the histogram data set that should be included in the displayed image is determined by the:

A) LUT
B) EI
C) VOIs
D) LCD

Question 14

Digital imaging processing refers to:

A) Computer manipulations applied to digital images
B) Creation of the digital latent image
C) Chemical processing of the digital image
D) None of the above

Question 15

The distracting area of increased brightness surrounding a collimated image can be removed from the displayed digital image by:

A) Masking
B) Shuttering
C) Electronic collimation
D) All of the above

Question 16

A CRT type monitor:

A) Has a fluorescent screen
B) Uses an electron gun
C) Scans in lines
D) All of the above

Question 17

The histogram analysis represents the ______________ for different exposure levels.

A) Intensity of exposure
B) Incidence of pixels
C) Exposure index
D) All of the above

Question 18

The DICOM GSDF is used to evaluate the:

A) Display monitor
B) Film processor
C) Histogram analysis
D) Digital imaging system

Question 19

All of the data from the entire IP (including scatter outside the exposed field)may be included in the histogram analysis if:

A) Only one edge of the collimated field is identified.
B) Only three edges of the collimated field are identified.
C) All four edges of the collimated field are identified.
D) All of the above

Question 20

Diagnostic interpretation should be done at a ___________ display monitor.

A) 1 megapixel
B) 2 megapixel
C) 5 megapixel
D) 15 megapixel

Question 21

In most 90-second film processors, developer temperature should be kept at approximately:

A) 85 to 88^o F
B) 89 to 91^o F
C) 93 to 95^o F
D) 97 to 99^o F

Question 22

What component of the developer solution is responsible for the gray areas on the image?

A) Phenidone
B) Water
C) Hydroquinone
D) Thiosulfate

Question 23

Increasing the window width will result in an image with:

A) Lower contrast
B) Higher contrast
C) Decreased brightness
D) Increased brightness

Question 24

In the developer solution, exposed silver halide crystals are reduced to _____ silver.

A) Ionic
B) Liquid
C) Negative
D) Metallic

Question 25

The developer solution requires a(n)_____ environment.

A) Cold
B) Alkaline
C) Acidic
D) Dry

Question 26

Silver recovery is the removal of silver from the:

A) Developer solution
B) Wash
C) Fixer solution
D) All of the above

Question 27

When the developer chemicals become increasingly inactive, due to exposure to air and usage, they are said to be:

A) Exhausted
B) Tired
C) Weak
D) Unenergized

Question 28

Darkrooms should be protected from:

A) Chemical exposure
B) Heat
C) Ionizing radiation
D) All of the above

Question 29

At what stage does the process of removing unexposed and undeveloped silver halide from the film emulsion occur?

A) Drying
B) Fixing
C) Washing
D) Developing

Question 30

The communication standard for medical information is:

A) PACS
B) HL7
C) DICOM
D) RIS

Question 31

This postprocessing technique reduces the visibility of image noise.

A) Smoothing
B) Contrast enhancement
C) Edge enhancement
D) Subtraction

Question 32

Stopping the film development process takes place during:

A) Developing
B) Washing
C) Drying
D) Fixing

Question 33

The process of replacing processing chemicals with fresh chemicals is known as:

A) Recirculation
B) Replenishment
C) Temperature control
D) Transport

Question 34

While in the developer solution, additional electrons are added to the:

A) Fixer
B) Silver
C) Sensitivity specks
D) Water

Question 35

What is the stage of film processing that converts the latent image to a manifest image?

A) Developing
B) Washing
C) Fixing
D) Drying

Question 36

Decreasing the window level will result in an image with:

A) Lower contrast
B) Higher contrast
C) Decreased brightness
D) Increased brightness

Question 37

The computer system designed to distribute, store, and display digital images is:

A) PACS
B) HL7
C) DICOM
D) RIS

Question 38

Which of the following is/are reducing agents found in the developer solution?

A) Phenidone
B) Hydroquinone
C) Ammonium thiosulfate
D) A and B

Question 39

This postprocessing technique improves the visibility of small, high contrast structures.

A) Smoothing
B) Contrast enhancement
C) Edge enhancement
D) Subtraction

Question 40

Sensitometric monitoring of automatic film processors should be done:

A) Daily
B) Weekly
C) Quarterly
D) Semi-annually

Question 41

Windowing does not alter the original stored pixel values.

Question 42

Optimal ranges of exposure indicator values are very similar amongst all vendors.

Question 43

Metallic replacement and the electrolytic method are used in:

A) Developing the film
B) Fixing the film
C) Processor quality control
D) Silver recovery

Question 44

Compared to baseline measurements, speed and contrast indicators should not vary more than ± _____ optical density.

A) 0.05
B) 0.10
C) 0.15
D) 0.20

Question 45

A 40 watt light bulb is appropriate for a darkroom safelight.

Question 46

If the film developer temperature is too low, the processed image will appear:

A) Milky
B) Dark
C) Light
D) Streaked

Question 47

Which film processing system best achieves agitation, continuous mixing, and filtration of the chemical solutions?

A) Transport system
B) Temperature control system
C) Recirculation system
D) Replenishment system

Question 48

Dry laser printers use heat to print the image.

Question 49

A safelight fog quality control test should be performed:

A) Daily
B) Weekly
C) Quarterly
D) Semi-annually

Question 50

Ambient lighting refers to the darkness or brightness of the digital image viewing area.

Question 51

A high level of ambient lighting will improve the viewer's perception of digital image quality as displayed on the monitor.

Question 52

If films begin to show brown staining after being in storage for a long time, there might be a problem with which stage of the processing cycle?

A) Development
B) Fixing
C) Washing
D) Drying

Question 53

The most important performance criterion of a film illuminator is:

A) Its size
B) The uniformity of light intensity
C) The illuminator display matrix
D) Having the brightest possible light

Question 54

If a film processor is turned on but hasn't been used for a while, in order to get the roller assembly moving you will have to push the:

A) On/off switch
B) Replenishment switch
C) Standby control
D) Circuit breaker

Question 55

A radiograph with increased density may be the result of:

A) Low fixer temperature
B) High fixer temperature
C) Low developer temperature
D) High developer temperature

Question 56

The histogram for a digital image is compared to a pre-established histogram of the anatomic part being imaged.

Question 57

Using a lookup table to adjust the digital image's brightness changes the original pixel value.

Question 58

One and one half minutes (90 seconds)is a typical film processing cycle.

Question 59

All display monitors used throughout the radiology department are of similar quality.

Question 60

The recommended ranges of exposure indicator values are different for extremity versus spine examinations.

Question 61

Radiographs should be dried to remove at least 98% of their moisture.