Deck 21: Nutrition Metabolism

Question 1

Which statement about basal metabolic rate is accurate?

A) Males and females of the same age and weight tend to have metabolic rates that are similar
B) Anxiety does not affect basal metabolic rate.
C) Elderly people have lower metabolic rates than younger people.
D) People with a large amount of muscle tend to have lower metabolic rates compared with those with a greater percentage of fat.2.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is a calorie?

A) The amount of energy the body needs at rest
B) The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
C) The concentration of carbohydrates in a particular food
D) The amount of fat in a particular food.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted by cells in the duodenum and jejunum?

A) Peptide YY
B) Ghrelin
C) Leptin
D) Cholecystokinin

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Why should most of the carbohydrates consumed be in the form of complex carbohydrates?

A) Complex carbohydrates contain nutrients other than carbohydrates.
B) Complex carbohydrates trigger spikes in blood glucose levels.
C) Complex carbohydrates contain a balance of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
D) Complex carbohydrates do not contain cellulose.

Question 5

What role does cellulose play in nutrition?

A) It can be absorbed by the intestine without being broken down, making it a quick source of energy.
B) It slows down the digestion of carbohydrates, allowing the body to absorb the maximum amount of nutrients.
C) It adds bulk to the stool and increases peristalsis.
D) It is a major component of plant tissues and, therefore, contains a concentrated source of carbohydrates.

Question 6

Which vitamin can be absorbed in the absence of fat?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 7

Which statement about the hormone leptin is true?

A) It is secreted by the stomach.
B) It produces the sensation of hunger.
C) Leptin secretions decrease for about 3 hours after a meal.
D) Leptin levels are higher in people who are overweight.

Question 8

Nonessential amino acids

A) are not necessary for human survival.
B) can be synthesized by the human body.
C) must be obtained through food.
D) are not essential for the creation of proteins.

Question 9

Which statement about fat-soluble vitamins is accurate?

A) They are absorbed with water in the small intestine.
B) Foods high in fat are a rich source of these vitamins.
C) They are stored in the liver and fat tissues of the body.
D) Fat-soluble vitamins have a low risk of toxicity.

Question 10

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Water
D) Vitamins

Question 11

What is the primary goal of glucose catabolism?

A) The creation of glycogen, which can be stored for later use
B) The creation of lipids, which can be stored for later use
C) The generation of ATP
D) To build tissues

Question 12

Which statement about the digestion of protein is most accurate?

A) During digestion, proteins are broken down into individual amino acids. Once absorbed, the body recombines the amino acids to create a new protein for a specific purpose. The body cannot store amino acids.
B) During digestion, proteins are broken down into individual amino acids. The amino acids are then stored in adipose tissue. As needed, adipose tissue releases the necessary proteins, which are then recombined to create a new protein.
C) During digestion, the structure of each individual protein remains intact, allowing it to be used immediately for a specific purpose.
D) During digestion, proteins are broken down into individual amino acids. Some of these amino acids are recombined to form new proteins. Those not used immediately are stored in the liver.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about lipids is accurate?

A) Because lipids are converted to cholesterol, they should be avoided in the diet.
B) Lipids contribute to cellular structure.
C) Lipids are less energy dense as compared to sucrose.
D) Lipids are the body's first choice for energy.

Question 14

A friend has decided to follow a vegan diet, giving up meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. What will be your friend's greatest dietary challenge?

A) Eating a variety of foods to ensure consumption of all the essential amino acids over the course of a day
B) Combining foods in such a way so as to obtain all the essential amino acids at every meal
C) Obtaining enough dietary fat
D) Obtaining enough calories to support necessary bodily functions

Question 15

A patient has a wound on her lower leg. A diet rich in which vitamin would prove most beneficial?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 16

Which of the following is a source of unsaturated fat?

A) Meat
B) Egg yolks
C) Nuts
D) Dairy products

Question 17

What is the body's primary energy source?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats
D) The body uses carbohydrates, proteins, and fats equally for energy

Question 18

Essential fatty acids

A) are synthesized by the liver.
B) are a necessary precursor to cholesterol.
C) cannot be synthesized by the body.
D) are necessary for blood clotting.

Question 19

Which hormone produces a sensation of hunger?

A) Insulin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Ghrelin
D) Peptide YY

Question 20

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

A) Glucose
B) Sucrose
C) Galactose
D) Fructose

Question 21

What happens to the lactic acid that is stored in the liver?

A) It is used in the citric acid cycle.
B) It is used to trigger the electron-transport chain.
C) It is converted back to pyruvic acid when oxygen becomes available.
D) It is converted into glucose when oxygen becomes available.

Question 22

When needed for energy, fat molecules in adipose tissue are hydrolyzed into

A) glycerol and three molecules of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA).
B) glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.
C) just three molecules of fatty acid.
D) just three molecules of acetyl CoA.

Question 23

Warming your hands on a hot coffee cup is an example of gaining heat by which means?

A) Radiation
B) Conduction
C) Convection
D) Evaporation

Question 24

The process used in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids to break down complex substances into simpler ones or into energy is called ____________________.

Question 25

A measure of the potential energy contained in food is called a ____________________.

Question 26

Excess carbohydrate is converted to ____________________.

Question 27

During a period of intense activity, which of the following is the body's first response as it attempts to obtain energy?

A) The conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl coenzyme A (CoA)
B) Initiation of the citric acid cycle
C) The storage of lactic acid in the liver
D) The conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid

Question 28

Each gram of fat contains ____________________ calories, whereas each gram of carbohydrate contains ____________________ calories.

Question 29

What occurs when the body's temperature rises too high?

A) The hypothalamus signals cutaneous blood vessels to dilate, and more warm blood flows close to the body's surface.
B) The hypothalamus signals core blood vessels to dilate so as to send more warm blood to the body's internal organs.
C) The hypothalamus signals cutaneous blood vessels to constrict, to slow the flow of warm blood to the skin, giving it time to cool.
D) The hypothalamus signals deep blood vessels to constrict so as to force blood to the skin's surface.

Question 30

A patient with a wasting illness will most likely be in a state of

A) positive nitrogen balance.
B) negative nitrogen balance.
C) ketoacidosis.
D) protein balance.

Question 31

Saturated fats tend to be in ____________________ form at room temperature.

Question 32

Which statement about glycolysis is true?

A) It requires oxygen.
B) It releases large amounts of energy.
C) It converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid.
D) It is one of the steps in glucose catabolism.

Question 33

Protein catabolism produces what toxic by-product?

A) Keto acid
B) Urea
C) Ammonia
D) Glycerol

Question 34

What is the first step in aerobic respiration?

A) The citric acid cycle
B) The conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid
C) The conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl coenzyme A (CoA)
D) The initiation of glycolysis

Question 35

Which process yields the most energy?

A) Glycolysis
B) Aerobic fermentation
C) Anaerobic fermentation
D) Glycogenesis

Question 36

Before proteins can be used as fuel, what must occur?

A) The liver must split an amino group from an amino acid.
B) The liver must group acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) together to form ketone bodies.
C) The amino acids must be converted to glucose or fat.
D) Proteins cannot be used for energy.

Question 37

The process that transforms nutrients into materials the body can use or store is called ____________________.

Question 38

Foods that lack one or more essential amino acids are called ____________________ proteins.

Question 39

The breakdown of fat produces

A) less than half the amount of energy than the breakdown of carbohydrates.
B) more than twice the amount of energy than the breakdown of carbohydrates.
C) the same amount of energy as the breakdown of carbohydrates.
D) less energy than the breakdown of proteins.

Question 40

Most of the body's heat results from

A) physical exertion.
B) the surrounding environment, such as sunlight.
C) chemical reactions occurring in cells.
D) the activity of the heart.

Question 41

Processes that occur without oxygen are called ____________________ processes.

Question 42

All ingested carbohydrates are converted to ____________________.