Deck 16: Lymphatic Immune Systems

Question 1

Lymph differs from plasma in that lymph has

A) a lower glucose content.
B) a higher glucose content.
C) a lower protein content.
D) a higher protein content.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which statement correctly describes the effect of inflammation upon healing?

A) Swelling that accompanies inflammation delays healing because it compresses blood vessels, impairing the ability of neutrophils to enter the area.
B) Heat that accompanies inflammation delays healing because the increased temperature slows the rate of tissue repair.
C) Redness, or hyperemia, resulting from inflammation brings materials necessary for healing and, therefore, can be a beneficial part of the healing process.
D) Swelling that accompanies inflammation is a sign of increased venous drainage and, therefore, is a positive sign of healing.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following statements about lymphatic vessels is correct?

A) Lymphatic vessels originate at the terminal ends of capillaries.
B) Lymphatic vessels have valves.
C) Lymphatic vessels consist of tightly joined epithelial cells.
D) Fluid moves through lymphatic vessels away from tissues and toward the heart.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is associated with specific immunity?

A) Complement
B) Interferon
C) Immunoglobulins
D) Neutrophils

Question 5

Lymph from the left arm drains into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) inferior vena cava.
C) right subclavian vein.
D) left subclavian vein.

Question 6

After the spleen destroys old red blood cells, it

A) releases leftover hemoglobin into the circulatory system.
B) creates bilirubin, which it secretes into the intestines.
C) returns leftover iron and globin to the liver and bone marrow.
D) stores leftover iron for later use.

Question 7

A patient comes to the hospital after losing a large amount of blood. Which function of the spleen is most important in this situation?

A) The spleen's ability to produce red blood cells
B) The spleen's role in the destruction of worn-out blood cells
C) The spleen's role in blood storage
D) The spleen's ability to ingest and destroy microorganisms

Question 8

Which of the following aids in the movement of lymphatic fluid?

A) The beating of the heart
B) Pulsations within nearby veins and capillaries
C) Contractions of skeletal muscles
D) Beating of cilia within lymphatic vessels

Question 9

T lymphocytes are "trained" to recognize foreign cells in the

A) red bone marrow.
B) spleen.
C) bloodstream.
D) thymus.

Question 10

Which of the following is one of the actions of complement?

A) Complement triggers a cascade of chemical reactions that result with the destruction of a bacterium.
B) Complement coats cells, making them unattractive to pathogens.
C) Complement triggers the production of enzymes in cells that prevent a bacterium from replicating.
D) Complement alleviates inflammation.

Question 11

A patient is undergoing treatment for breast cancer. After surgery, the pathology report shows the presence of cancer cells in the axillary lymph nodes. What is the most probable explanation for this finding?

A) This is a good finding because it shows that the lymph nodes are doing their job to remove cancerous cells from the bloodstream.
B) This finding confirms that the cancer began in the lymph nodes and spread to the breast.
C) This is a good finding because the presence of the cancer cells allows the lymph nodes to release phagocytic white blood cells targeted specifically to the cancer cell.
D) This finding indicates that cancer cells may have spread to other parts of the body.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about interferon is correct?

A) Interferon is produced by cells before being infected with a virus.
B) Interferon binds to surface receptors of cells in the area surrounding an infection.
C) Interferon triggers the production of enzymes within cells that have become infected.
D) Enzymes produced within neighboring cells at the prompting of interferon prevent the virus from invading.

Question 13

Which part of the lymph node forms and releases lymphocytes when an infection is present?

A) Trabeculae
B) Cortical nodules
C) Sinuses
D) Germinal centers

Question 14

Where is the spleen located?

A) The upper left quadrant of the abdomen
B) The upper right quadrant of the abdomen
C) Behind the stomach
D) The right lower quadrant of the abdomen

Question 15

Which of the following is a primary lymphatic organ?

A) Thymus
B) Tonsils
C) Spleen
D) Lymph nodes

Question 16

The mucous membranes of the respiratory tract repel pathogens because they

A) contain cilia, which propel pathogens out of the body.
B) produce mucus, which traps pathogens.
C) contain an acid mantle, which inhibits bacterial growth.
D) consists of tough protein, which repels most pathogens.

Question 17

What is a primary function of lymph nodes?

A) Remove pathogens from the blood
B) Remove pathogens from lymph
C) Separate lymphatic fluid from plasma
D) Destroy old red blood cells

Question 18

The skin and mucous membranes are part of the body's

A) first line of defense.
B) second line of defense.
C) third line of defense.
D) specific immunity.

Question 19

Besides immunity, what other function does the lymphatic system serve?

A) Fluid balance
B) Electrolyte balance
C) Regulation of body temperature
D) Prevents cancer cells from spreading

Question 20

Injecting a vaccine of a dead or weakened pathogen imparts which type of immunity?

A) Natural active immunity
B) Artificial active immunity
C) Natural passive immunity
D) Artificial passive immunity

Question 21

The membrane attack complex destroys a bacterium by

A) punching holes in the plasma membrane of the bacterium to allow fluid to rush out of the cell.
B) punching holes in the plasma membrane of the bacterium to allow fluid and sodium to rush into the cell.
C) delivering a toxic dose of chemicals to the bacterium.
D) producing antibodies against the bacterium.

Question 22

A key difference between cellular and humoral immunity is that

A) cellular immunity destroys pathogens outside the cell, whereas humoral immunity destroys pathogens inside the cell.
B) cellular immunity destroys pathogens inside the cell, whereas humoral immunity destroys pathogens outside the cell.
C) Cellular immunity is a nonspecific immunity, whereas humoral immunity is a specific immunity.
D) Cellular immunity focuses on pathogens on the body's surface, whereas humoral immunity focuses on pathogens in the body's interior.

Question 23

The two most important phagocytes are ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 24

Lymph fluid eventually returns to the ____________________.

Question 25

Any molecule that triggers an immune response is called an ____________________.

Question 26

The cluster of lymph nodes in the groin area are called ____________________ lymph nodes.

Question 27

Fever helps fight antigens because the elevated body temperature

A) kills the antigen.
B) increases the reproduction of neutrophils.
C) inhibits the reproduction of bacteria and viruses.
D) stimulates the production of antibodies.

Question 28

Within the sinuses of the spleen, ____________________ digest worn-out red blood cells and imperfect platelets.

Question 29

The term for fever is ____________________.

Question 30

Lymphatic nodules residing in the small intestines are called ____________________.

Question 31

Helper T cells

A) prevent an antigen from attaching to a human cell.
B) trigger agglutination.
C) trigger the complement cascade.
D) attract neutrophils, natural killer cells, and macrophages.

Question 32

The right ____________________ duct drains lymph for the upper right quadrant of the body into the right ____________________ vein.

Question 33

Mucus, tears, and saliva contain an enzyme called ____________________, which destroys bacteria.

Question 34

The single tonsil that sits on the wall of the pharynx, just behind the nasal cavity, is the ____________________ tonsil.

Question 35

The most abundant immunoglobulin is

A) IgA.
B) IgE.
C) IgG.
D) IgM.

Question 36

The body's largest lymphatic organ is the ____________________.

Question 37

Humoral immunity mainly uses which type of cell?

A) T cells
B) B cells
C) Neutrophils
D) Antimicrobial proteins

Question 38

What role do helper T cells play in cellular immunity?

A) They help the cytotoxic T cell destroy the antigen by binding to the surface of the antigen.
B) They secrete chemicals that summon neutrophils and natural killer cells.
C) They trigger the immune process by presenting a fragment of the antigen on its surface.
D) They secrete chemicals that destroy the antigen.

Question 39

When someone with a genetic predisposition to an allergy is first exposed to the allergen, the body responds by producing large amounts of

A) mast cells.
B) the antibody IgE.
C) histamine.
D) the antibody IgG.

Question 40

The process whereby inflamed cells summon neutrophils is ____________________.

Question 41

The chemical ____________________ causes inflammatory responses that produce the symptoms of an allergy, such as runny nose, watery eyes, and congestion.