Deck 1: Extension: The Science of Psychology

Question 1

Two groups of people are given different kinds of practice problems in logic. They are then tested on a set of new problems to determine whether one kind of practice was better than the other. The nature of the practice problems is the ________ variable.

A) uncontrolled
B) independent
C) dependent
D) observed

Answer 1

independent

Question 2

If explanation of the causes of thoughts, feelings, and behavior is a psychologist's goal, then the ________ method of research should be used.

A) experimental
B) survey
C) correlational
D) naturalistic observation

Answer 2

experimental

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the main stages of the history of psychology discussed in your text?

A) the Gestalt revolution
B) the emergence of a science of the mind
C) the behaviorist decades
D) the cognitive revolution

Answer 3

the Gestalt revolution

Question 4

The expectations of a researcher that might distort or influence his or her interpretation of what he or she actually observed is called ________.

A) sample bias
B) observer bias
C) the Phi phenomenon
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 5

According to Freud, much of our behavior is controlled by ________.

A) mental Gestalts
B) environmental stimuli
C) unconscious desires
D) mental associations

Question 6

The term sexual ________ refers to whether a person is sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex or same sex.

A) orientation
B) identity
C) preference
D) role

Question 7

Researchers have found that men are usually assumed to be more aggressive than women. However, when women believe they are not being observed they are often just as aggressive as men. Of the following professionals, ________ psychologists would probably be the most interested in these findings.

A) clinical
B) developmental
C) psychometric
D) personality

Question 8

When we listen to a favorite piece of music, we tend to experience the melodies and harmonies as a beautiful single piece of music rather than as the series of separate notes of which the song is actually composed. This phenomenon illustrates an important point made by ________.

A) humanists
B) Gestalt psychologists
C) behaviorists
D) psychoanalysts

Question 9

Positive psychologists are most similar in their beliefs to ________.

A) behaviorists
B) Gestalt theorists
C) humanists
D) psychodynamic theorists

Question 10

Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the scientific study of ________.

A) mental processes
B) observable behaviors
C) self-actualization
D) psychosocial development