Deck 7: Cognition and Mental Abilities

Question 1

By themselves, phonemes are ________.

A) syntactical
B) units of prototypes
C) units of meaning
D) meaningless

Answer 1

meaningless

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Basic concepts do not change over time.
B) Concepts give meaning to new experiences.
C) Concepts and images are basically synonymous.
D) We form new concepts for each new experience.

Answer 2

Concepts give meaning to new experiences.

Question 3

In the mirror test, which of the following animals is the only one that showed signs of self-recognition and awareness?

A) chimpanzees
B) dogs
C) cats
D) mice

Answer 3

chimpanzees

Question 4

Which term does not belong with the others?

A) test-retest
B) split-half
C) reliability
D) validity

Question 5

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was introduced by ________.

A) Theodor Binet
B) L. M. Terman
C) Morris Stanford
D) David Wechsler

Question 6

After losing a major business account, Samantha begins second-guessing herself by repeatedly thinking, "If only I had changed our contract offer," and "If only I had called them more frequently." Her behavior is an example of ________.

A) counterfactual thinking
B) the confirmation bias
C) hindsight
D) framing

Question 7

The phenomenon in which among the population as a whole, IQ scores have been steadily increasing over several decades is known as the ________.

A) Flynn Effect
B) Peter Principle
C) Barnum Effect
D) Phi Phenomenon

Question 8

Creative people are ________ than less creative people with equivalent IQ scores.

A) perceived as being more intelligent
B) more intelligent in their actual job performance
C) perceived as being less intelligent
D) less intelligent in their actual job performance

Question 9

Margo can't close the window in her office, and a strong wind has come up. She complains to John that her papers are blowing and she can't find a paperweight. John takes the empty heavy coffee mug from her bookshelf and puts it on top of her papers to anchor them. Margo has been suffering from ________.

A) inadequate means-end analysis
B) functional fixedness
C) noncompensatory modeling
D) working backward

Question 10

Which of the following is not a typical cause of severe retardation?

A) genetically inherited defects such as fragile-X syndrome
B) poor prenatal nutritional habits by the mother
C) genetically-based diseases such as PKU
D) chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome