Deck 5: Extension: Learning

Question 1

The idea that a behavior will increase or decrease based on the consequences that follow that behavior is crucial to ________.

A) operant conditioning
B) insight learning
C) vicarious learning
D) classical conditioning

Answer 1

operant conditioning

Question 2

A girl learns that whenever her older brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl's learning is a demonstration of ________.

A) contingency theory
B) classical conditioning
C) social learning theory
D) operant conditioning

Answer 2

social learning theory

Question 3

The basic difference between punishment and reinforcement boils down to a difference between ________.

A) conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
B) presenting and removing stimuli
C) stimuli and responses
D) decreasing and increasing response rates

Answer 3

decreasing and increasing response rates

Question 4

The transfer of a response from a natural stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus, is called ________.

A) modeling
B) desensitization
C) operant conditioning
D) classical conditioning

Question 5

Positive reinforcement ________ the likelihood that the behavior preceding it will happen again while negative reinforcement ________ the likelihood that the preceding behavior will happen again.

A) decreases; decreases
B) decreases; increases
C) increases; increases
D) increases; decreases

Question 6

"Every morning a train goes by my house at 6:30 when I am just sitting down to breakfast. Lately, however, the train has been coming by at 4:30 and I am having a terrible time getting back to sleep because I'm so hungry." In this example of classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is ________ and the conditioned response is ________.

A) eating breakfast; hunger
B) the sound of the train; going back to sleep
C) the sound of the train; hunger
D) hunger; eating breakfast

Question 7

The mental image of an area, such as a maze or the floor plan of a building, is called a ________.

A) mental set
B) cognitive map
C) Gestalt
D) perceptual illusion

Question 8

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

A) conditioning children who are bullies to be less aggressive
B) conditioning children to be on time for school
C) conditioning executives to reduce their blood pressure
D) conditioning coyotes to stay away from sheep

Question 9

In classical conditioning, during extinction the ________ is consistently omitted and the ________ gradually disappears.

A) CS; UR
B) UR; CR
C) US; CS
D) US; CR

Question 10

On a variable-interval schedule, reinforcement is given for the ________.

A) first correct response after a fixed amount of time has passed
B) next correct response after a fixed number of responses have occurred
C) first correct response after varying amounts of time have passed
D) next correct response after a varying number of responses have occurred