Deck 27: Psychological Disorders Part 1

Question 1

The terms "mental illness" and "psychopathology" are MOST closely associated with which model of abnormal behavior?

A) the learning model
B) the humanistic model
C) the medical model
D) the psychodynamic model

Answer 1

the medical model

Question 2

According to the medical model,

A) all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors.
B) all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs.
C) abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease.
D) all physical illnesses have a psychological component.

Answer 2

abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease.

Question 3

A major criticism of the medical model by Thomas Szasz is that

A) no evidence exists to support the efficiency of the medical model's treatment approaches.
B) the model is not well understood by its practitioners.
C) uniformity of behavior patterns cannot be established from the medical model viewpoint.
D) most abnormal behavior reflects a moral judgment about what is socially acceptable or unacceptable behavior.

Answer 3

most abnormal behavior reflects a moral judgment about what is socially acceptable or unacceptable behavior.

Question 4

Prognosis is to etiology as

A) outcome is to why.
B) why is to outcome.
C) what is to why.
D) why is to what.

Question 5

Etiology refers to the

A) projected course of a condition.
B) apparent cause of a condition.
C) study of mental illness.
D) collection of a group of symptoms.

Question 6

Diagnosis is to prognosis as

A) why is to what.
B) what is to outcome.
C) outcome is to etiology.
D) ontogeny is to phylogeny.

Question 7

Prior to the 18th century, people who exhibited abnormal behavior were thought to be

A) possessed by evil spirits and were treated through exorcism.
B) mentally ill and were treated through exorcism.
C) mentally ill and were treated through verbal psychotherapy.
D) possessed by evil spirits and were treated through drug therapy.

Question 8

The rise of the medical model in the study of psychopathology brought about

A) improvements in the treatment of individuals who exhibited abnormal behavior.
B) an increase in the number of asylums for the treatment of the mentally ill.
C) an increase in misconceptions about mental disorders.
D) decreases in the expression of sympathy towards the mentally ill.

Question 9

The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness is referred to as its

A) etiology.
B) epidemiology.
C) diagnosis.
D) prognosis.

Question 10

A prognosis

A) is a forecast about the probable course of an illness.
B) involves distinguishing one illness from another.
C) refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness.
D) is a plan for treating an illness.

Question 11

Behavior that interferes with an individual's social or occupational functioning may be considered to be

A) deviant.
B) maladaptive.
C) personally distressing.
D) insane.

Question 12

The concept that abnormal behavior is the result of a disease goes with the

A) humanistic model.
B) medical model.
C) behavioral model.
D) psychological model.

Question 13

Dr. Underhill is reviewing the records from a patient who has just been referred for treatment. He is carefully considering the symptoms that have been documented, and is attempting to identify the type of psychological disorder the individual is most likely to have. Dr. Underhill is currently focusing on

A) etiology.
B) prognosis.
C) diagnosis.
D) histology.

Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to the future course of a condition or illness?

A) etiological forecast
B) foreclosure
C) diagnosis
D) prognosis

Question 15

Behavior that does not coincide with cultural norms may be considered to be

A) deviant.
B) maladaptive.
C) personally distressing.
D) insane.

Question 16

Dr. Cummings believes that psychological disorders can be diagnosed, treated, and possibly cured, just like physical illnesses. Dr. Cummings' views reflect the point of view suggested by

A) the medical model of abnormal behavior.
B) the behavioral model of abnormal behavior.
C) the deviance model of abnormal behavior.
D) the psychodynamic model of abnormal behavior.

Question 17

Prior to the 18^th century most conceptions of abnormal behavior were based on

A) biological changes in the body.
B) an imbalance of humors in the body.
C) unconscious unresolved conflicts.
D) superstition.

Question 18

Dr. Wedge is asking her newest client questions about his life history. She is particularly interested in any recent stressful events that the client may have experienced. Dr. Wedge is currently

A) developing a prognosis for her client.
B) trying to determine an appropriate diagnosis.
C) trying to understand the etiology of her client's current illness.
D) engaged in naturalistic observation.

Question 19

Mario has just entered treatment for a major depressive episode. He is told that most patients respond to treatment within a month, and many never experience a second depressive episode. This information represents

A) an etiology.
B) a prognosis.
C) a diagnosis.
D) a histology.

Question 20

Diagnosis is to etiology as

A) where is to when.
B) when is to where.
C) why is to what.
D) what is to why.

Question 21

Walter is only able to achieve sexual arousal by dressing in women's clothing. In the American culture his behavior would MOST likely be considered

A) maladaptive.
B) personally distressing.
C) delusional.
D) deviant.

Question 22

Summer has anorexia nervosa and is slowly starving herself to death. However, when friends or family tell her to seek professional help, she tells them that she feels fine. She can't understand why people won't just leave her alone. In this example, Summer's eating disorder would MOST likely be considered

A) personally distressing.
B) culturally deviant.
C) maladaptive.
D) delusional.

Question 23

That psychologists use the concepts diagnosis, etiology, and prognosis when describing psychological disorders reflects the usefulness of the ____ of abnormal behavior.

A) statistical model
B) medical model
C) scientific model
D) illness model

Question 24

Tom displays very odd behavior. He wears a heavy parka and mittens during the summer and lectures from the steps of City Hall about upcoming invasions by men from outer-space. Most likely, Tom has a psychological disorder since his behavior meets the criterion of

A) deviance.
B) maladaptive behavior.
C) personal distress.
D) cognitive confusion.

Question 25

If a psychological disorder results in an individual having difficulty completing routine or necessary everyday activities, the individual's behavior would MOST likely be considered

A) personally distressing.
B) incompetent.
C) maladaptive.
D) deviant.

Question 26

Enright is not a very conscientious individual. He often sleeps late in the morning, and on mornings when he oversleeps, he usually just skips work. He has been fired from four jobs in the past year, but he is not concerned because he feels that there are lots of other jobs available. In this example, Enright's lack of dedication to his various jobs would MOST likely be considered

A) personally distressing.
B) maladaptive.
C) culturally deviant.
D) legal incompetency.

Question 27

When a psychologist compares the symptoms an individual is experiencing to the symptoms of various disorders to determine the specific disorder the individual has, the psychologist is concerned with

A) etiology.
B) prognosis.
C) diagnosis.
D) treatment.

Question 28

Treit's best friend was seriously injured in a car accident last month. Since that time Treit has been attending all his classes, but he feels like he is unable to pay attention because he is constantly thinking about his friend. Treit finds he can't seem to think about anything else, and he is frequently overwhelmed by feelings of helplessness. In this example, Treit's feelings would MOST likely be considered

A) personally distressing.
B) culturally deviant.
C) maladaptive.
D) compulsive.

Question 29

According to the medical model of psychological disorders, prognosis refers to

A) a statement concerning the probable course of the disorder.
B) taking a medical history of an individual.
C) deciding which disorder an individual is experiencing.
D) describing the apparent cause of the disorder.

Question 30

Frequently people call a psychologist for assistance after "deciding for themselves" that they need help. People would be MOST likely to use which two of the commonly used criteria for psychological disorders when deciding to seek treatment?

A) personal distress and deviance.
B) maladaptive behavior and personal distress.
C) cognitive confusion and maladaptive behavior.
D) deviance and cognitive confusion.

Question 31

Randall is an alcoholic who has been fired from four jobs in the past year, but he is not concerned because he feels that there are lots of other jobs available. In this example, the fact that Randall's alcoholism affects his occupational status would MOST likely be considered

A) personally distressing.
B) maladaptive.
C) culturally deviant.
D) legal incompetency.

Question 32

If Dr. Turner is interested in determining the cause of a psychological disorder, Dr. Turner is MOST interested in

A) prognosis.
B) etiology.
C) recovery.
D) diagnosis.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary criteria commonly used by psychologists to diagnose psychological disorders?

A) cognitive confusion
B) personal distress
C) maladaptive behavior
D) deviance

Question 34

Corrina constantly experiences feelings of dread and despair. Lately, she finds that she is thinking more and more about committing suicide so she can end her feelings of desperation and hopelessness. In this example, Corrina's feelings of dread and despair would most likely be considered

A) culturally deviant.
B) signs of incompetency.
C) delusions.
D) personally distressing.

Question 35

Behavior that causes anxiety or concern for the affected individual may be considered to be

A) deviant.
B) maladaptive.
C) personally distressing.
D) insane.

Question 36

Roger enjoys gambling so much that he does it every day, totally neglecting his family and job. Roger's behavior satisfies which criterion of abnormality MOST clearly?

A) personal distress
B) deviance
C) persistence
D) maladaptive behavior

Question 37

Hamilton has embezzled over 3 million dollars from the bank where he is employed as an executive loan officer. He feels no remorse for his actions, and he is looking forward to an early retirement in some South American country with no extradition agreement. In this example, Hamilton's embezzling would MOST likely be considered

A) culturally deviant.
B) maladaptive.
C) personally distressing.
D) legal insanity.

Question 38

For several weeks Terri has been experiencing feelings of overwhelming sadness and despair. Terri is very upset by her depression and frequently tells her family and friends how unhappy she is. Terri could be diagnosed as having a psychological disorder since she meets the criterion of

A) emotional imbalance.
B) deviance.
C) personal distress.
D) maladaptive behavior.

Question 39

The medical model of abnormal behavior proposes that

A) abnormal behaviors are very similar to physical diseases.
B) abnormal behaviors are best treated by medical doctors.
C) it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.
D) it is useful to think of abnormal behaviors as being caused by infectious agents.

Question 40

Thomas Szasz would be most critical of the commonly used criterion to diagnose psychological disorders that relates to

A) deviance.
B) maladaptive behavior.
C) personal distress.
D) cognitive confusion.

Question 41

Many people believe that the mentally ill are violence-prone. This is because

A) they have personally been the victims of such violence.
B) there actually is a strong association between mental illness and violent tendencies.
C) the incidents of violence involving the mentally ill receive a great deal of media attention.
D) violence is much more common among mental patients than among the general population.

Question 42

Jefferson has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. He tells the clinician that he has been feeling detached from his surroundings since he started taking medication to control his high blood pressure. The clinician would use

A) either Axis I or Axis II of the DSM-IV to record this medical information.
B) both Axis IV and Axis V of the DSM-IV to record this medical information.
C) Axis X of the DSM-IV to record this medical information.
D) Axis III of the DSM-IV to record this medical information.

Question 43

Which of the following is a common stereotype about psychological disorders?

A) Psychological disorders are curable.
B) Psychological disorders are a function of biophysiological factors.
C) People with psychological disorders are violent and dangerous.
D) People with psychological disorders are not very different from normal people.

Question 44

On the DSM-IV, estimates of the current level of the patients functioning would be recorded on

A) Axis I of the DSM-IV.
B) Axis V of the DSM-IV.
C) Axis X of the DSM-IV.
D) Axis II of the DSM-IV.

Question 45

On the DSM-IV, personality and developmental disorders are recorded on

A) Axis I of the DSM-IV.
B) Axis V of the DSM-IV.
C) Axis X of the DSM-IV.
D) Axis II of the DSM-IV.

Question 46

Colton has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. He tells the clinician that he is extremely sensitive to humiliation and as a result he has become very socially withdrawn. Colton can't remember feeling confident, even as a child. In this example, the clinician would use

A) both Axis IV and Axis V of the DSM-IV to record these symptoms.
B) Axis III of the DSM-IV to record these symptoms.
C) Axis X of the DSM-IV to record these symptoms.
D) either Axis I or Axis II of the DSM-IV to record these symptoms.

Question 47

On the DSM-IV, the patients physical disorders are recorded on

A) Axis I of the DSM-IV.
B) Axis V of the DSM-IV.
C) Axis III of the DSM-IV.
D) Axis II of the DSM-IV.

Question 48

Joanna was somewhat surprised when her study partner postponed a study session because he had an appointment with his psychotherapist. When she was talking to a friend about the postponed study session she commented, "I have been working on projects with this student for several months now, and he has never shown any signs of having a psychological disorder." Joanna's comment suggests that she holds the largely inaccurate stereotype that

A) psychological disorders are incurable.
B) people with psychological disorders are often dangerous.
C) people with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways.
D) the mental health system has a powerful bias toward seeing pathology in everyone.

Question 49

The DSM classification system is said to be "multiaxial." This means that the system

A) permits multiple diagnoses of a single individual.
B) asks for judgments about individuals on numerous separate dimensions.
C) allows many different potential methods of diagnosing people.
D) is characterized by poor reliability.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a common stereotype about psychological disorders?

A) Psychological disorders are incurable.
B) Psychological disorders are a function of biophysiological factors.
C) People with psychological disorders are violent and dangerous.
D) People with psychological disorders are very different from normal people.

Question 51

Which of the following statements concerning psychological disorders is false?

A) people with psychological disorders, at first glance, usually are indistinguishable from people without psychological disorders
B) people with psychological disorders usually exhibit at least one of the following - deviance, maladaptive behavior, personal distress
C) people with psychological disorders are often violent and dangerous
D) people with even the most severe psychological disorders can be treated successfully

Question 52

Cynthia has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. She tells the clinician that lately she has been feeling completely hopeless and dejected, and she no longer enjoys doing any of the things she used to look forward to. The clinician would use

A) both Axis IV and Axis V of the DSM-IV to record these symptoms.
B) Axis III of the DSM-IV to record these symptoms.
C) either Axis I or Axis II of the DSM-IV to record these symptoms.
D) Axis X of the DSM-IV to record these symptoms.

Question 53

The system used by psychologists to classify psychological disorders is the

A) APA Clinical Handbook.
B) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).
C) Physician's Desk Reference (PDR).
D) Encyclopedia of Psychological Disorders.

Question 54

The current classification system for psychological disorders (DSM-IV)

A) contains fewer disorders than previous systems, making it easier to use.
B) has been shown to be extremely unreliable.
C) avoids giving people potentially stigmatizing diagnostic labels.
D) recognizes the importance of information other than a traditional diagnostic label.

Question 55

On the DSM-IV, disorders of mood would be recorded on

A) Axis I of the DSM-IV.
B) Axis III of the DSM-IV.
C) Axis IV of the DSM-IV.
D) Axis X of the DSM-IV.

Question 56

Blair has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. She tells the clinician that she has been feeling extremely depressed for the last month. Blair also tells the clinician that, just before her symptoms began, her husband moved out and she lost her job. The clinician would use

A) Axis IV of the DSM-IV to record these environmental factors.
B) both Axis III and Axis V of the DSM-IV to record these environmental factors.
C) either Axis I or Axis II of the DSM-IV to record these environmental factors.
D) Axis X of the DSM-IV to record these environmental factors.

Question 57

Which of the following statements concerning psychological disorders is true?

A) people with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways and are very different from normal people
B) people with psychological disorders usually do not exhibit personal distress or maladaptive behavior
C) people with even the most severe psychological disorders can be treated successfully
D) people with psychological disorders are often violent and dangerous

Question 58

Barrett believes that the mentally ill are violence-prone. This is probably because

A) they have personally been the victims of such violence.
B) there actually is a strong association between mental illness and violent tendencies.
C) the incidents of violence involving the mentally ill receive a great deal of media attention.
D) violence is much more common among mental patients than among the general population.

Question 59

DSM-IV uses five "axes" to describe a person's problem. The actual diagnosis of a disorder is made on

A) Axis I only.
B) Axis II only.
C) Axis I and II.
D) Axis V.

Question 60

Rosa is the personnel director at Acme Enterprises. If she finds that an individual who has applied for employment has ever been treated for a psychological disorder, she doesn't consider that person for a job. She is concerned that the person will have another breakdown under the stressful conditions that exist at Acme Enterprises. It seems that Rosa holds the largely inaccurate stereotype that

A) people with psychological disorders are often dangerous.
B) all psychological disorders are incurable.
C) people with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways.
D) psychological disorders are often overdiagnosed.

Question 61

Which of the following statements about the prevalence of psychological disorders is correct?

A) the cost of treatment in 2003 was estimated to be about $500 billion
B) about 4 billion days of work performance are lost each year to mental disorders
C) psychological disorders are responsible for seventy-five percent of violent crimes
D) psychological disorders cause more disability days lost from work than cancer does

Question 62

Besides the substance abuse disorders, the second most prevalent psychological disorders are

A) somtaform disorders.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) mood disorders.
D) personality disorders.

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT one of the three most common types of psychological disorders?

A) mood disorders
B) schizophrenia
C) substance (alcohol and drug) use disorders
D) anxiety disorders

Question 64

Terri was recently diagnosed as having major depressive disorder. The disorder is listed on ____ of DSM-IV.

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV

Question 65

Epidemiology is the study of

A) the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population.
B) treatments for psychological disorders.
C) sudden "epidemics" involving specific mental or physical disorders.
D) how cultural values affect judgments of abnormality.

Question 66

The disorder that is characterized by worry and fear, muscle tension, trembling, faintness, and difficulty in concentrating is known as a

A) conversion disorder.
B) paranoid disorder.
C) dissociative disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 67

The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period

A) etiology.
B) epidemiology.
C) prevalence.
D) prognosis.

Question 68

Free-floating anxiety is MOST characteristic of

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) panic disorder.
C) phobic disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 69

Epidemiological studies of psychological disorders suggest that

A) nearly everyone who needs treatment for psychological disorders receives it.
B) epidemics involving psychological disorders are common.
C) psychological disorders are more common than many people realize.
D) there has been a significant decrease in prevalence rates of mental illness in the United States in recent years.

Question 70

DSM-IV records supplemental information regarding an individual's physical condition, recent stress, and current level of functioning on

A) Axis I.
B) Axis III.
C) Axes I, II, and III.
D) Axes III, IV and V.

Question 71

The next edition of DSM will be called

A) DSM-IV.
B) DSM-IV-Revised.
C) DSM-V.
D) DSM-V-Revised.

Question 72

Using the DSM-IV listings and lifetime prevalence, it is estimated that ____ of the population will experience a psychological disorder at some time in their lives.

A) less than 10 percent
B) approximately 27 percent
C) approximately 44 percent
D) close to 60 percent

Question 73

The next edition of DSM is scheduled to be published in

A) 2011.
B) 2015.
C) 2019.
D) 2023.

Question 74

Wesley has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. He tells the clinician that he has been feeling apprehensive and edgy for the last month, but so far his anxiety hasn't seemed to have had a major impact on either his job or his home life. The clinician should use

A) both Axis III and Axis IV of the DSM-IV to record Wesley's current level of global functioning.
B) Axis V of the DSM-IV to record Wesley's current level of global functioning.
C) either Axis I or Axis II of the DSM-IV to record Wesley's current level of global functioning.
D) not bother recording Wesley's current level of functioning because Wesley's symptoms do not meet the criteria for abnormality.

Question 75

In regard to psychological disorders, prevalence refers to

A) the percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period.
B) the absolute number of people who are experiencing any psychological disorder at a given point in time.
C) the reliability of the diagnosis of psychological disorders.
D) the percentage of a population that has ever been treated for a psychological disorder.

Question 76

The diagnosis of a psychological disorder is made using ____ of DSM-IV.

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axes I and II
D) Axes III, IV and V

Question 77

The cartoon character Charlie Brown, with his extreme dread, pessimism, worrying, and brooding, could be diagnosed as having

A) a generalized anxiety disorder.
B) a phobic disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) panic disorder.

Question 78

The most common psychological disorders in the United States are

A) schizophrenic disorders.
B) personality disorders.
C) mood disorders.
D) anxiety disorders.

Question 79

All of the following are considered anxiety disorders EXCEPT

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) conversion disorder.
C) phobic disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 80

The study of the incidence and distribution of mental or physical disorders within a population defines the discipline known as

A) etiology.
B) epidemiology.
C) psychobiology.
D) demography.