Deck 25: Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Question 1

Virginia has wanted to be a physician for as long as she can remember, but she has been unable to gain entry to medical school Virginia is probably experiencing

A) burnout
B) learned helplessness
C) regression
D) frustration

Answer 1

frustration

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT included in the definition of stress? Stress includes circumstances that

A) tax one's coping abilities
B) are traumatic
C) threaten one's well-being
D) are perceived to threaten one's well-being

Answer 2

are traumatic

Question 3

Circumstances that threaten, or are perceived to threaten, one's well-being and tax one's coping abilities defines

A) frustration
B) stress
C) pressure
D) conflict

Answer 3

stress

Question 4

Imagine you studied for this psychology exam with two of your classmates. If one classmate, Becky, was very nervous and "stressed-out" about the exam, and the other classmate, Craig, thought the exam "wasn't a big deal," their differing attitudes are most consistent with the finding that

A) some people use constructive coping techniques to reduce stress
B) people's appraisal of stressful events are highly objective
C) people's appraisals of stressful events are highly subjective
D) males experience many events as less stressful than females

Question 5

The area of specialization concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness is

A) health medicine
B) psychological medicine
C) health psychology
D) medical psychology

Question 6

What does the research have to say about the general effect of everyday problems and the minor nuisances of life?

A) Minor stresses produce minor effects.
B) Minor stresses have negative effects only when coupled with major stresses.
C) Minor stresses may have significant harmful effects on both physical and mental health.
D) Minor stresses often have significant harmful effects on mental health, but don't affect physical health.

Question 7

Frustration refers to

A) being blocked in the pursuit of a desired goal
B) the most frequent emotional response to aggression
C) being caught between two incompatible motives
D) being expected to live up to high standards of performance

Question 8

When we say that stress "lies in the mind of the beholder" we mean that

A) our appraisals of stressful events are basically objective.
B) the autonomic nervous system triggers a fight-or-flight response, which then sends messages of stress to the brain.
C) strong-minded persons are better able to handle stressful events than weak-minded ones.
D) our appraisals of stressful events are highly subjective.

Question 9

Threatening events that have a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint are known as ____ stressors; while ____ stressors are threatening events that have a long duration and no apparent time limit

A) minor; chronic
B) acute; chronic
C) chronic; minor
D) acute; minor

Question 10

Minor stresses may be more strongly related to mental health than major stressful events largely because

A) of the cumulative nature of stress.
B) minor stresses lead to more intense physiological arousal than major stresses.
C) we are much more intimately involved with minor stresses.
D) we feel more out of control with minor stresses than we do with major stresses.

Question 11

The stress that a person actually experiences in different situations is critically influenced by the

A) number of life change units the event involves
B) person's physical health when the stressor is present
C) overall magnitude of the stressful event
D) appraisals that the person makes

Question 12

____ is to short duration and limited time as ____ is to long duration and no time limit.

A) Minor; chronic
B) Acute; chronic
C) Chronic; minor
D) Acute; minor

Question 13

What area of psychology is concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness?

A) health psychology
B) psychoimmunology
C) industrial psychology
D) positive psychology

Question 14

Events that are stressful for one person may not be stressful for another; this may be the result of the fact that

A) anxious people are less likely to perceive events as stressful.
B) neurotic people are more likely to "choke" under pressure.
C) stressed people are less likely to use defensive coping strategies.
D) how individuals appraise a situation determines whether they are likely to perceive events as stressful.

Question 15

Waiting in line, car trouble, shopping for holiday gifts at the end of the year, balancing your checkbook are considered examples of

A) a major stressor
B) chronic stress
C) acute stress
D) conflict

Question 16

Which of the following represents the MOST accurate description of the type of circumstances that may be stressful?

A) traumatic events such as being in the middle of a terrorist attack
B) everyday events such as waiting in a long line to renew your driver's license
C) traumatic events but not everyday events
D) traumatic events and everyday events

Question 17

Most of Conrad's friends consider him to be highly neurotic. It is likely that, compared to his friends, Conrad is

A) less likely to perceive events as stressful.
B) more likely to "choke" under pressure.
C) less likely to use defensive coping strategies.
D) more likely to perceive events as stressful.

Question 18

Waiting in line, car trouble, shopping for holiday gifts at the end of the year, balancing your checkbook will likely produce minor stress and

A) minor effects.
B) a negative effect only if they are coupled with major stresses.
C) they may have significant harmful effects on both physical and mental health.
D) they will often have significant harmful effects on mental health, but won't affect physical health.

Question 19

The part of the definition of stress that suggests ____ is directly related to the observation that people's appraisals of stressful events are highly subjective

A) circumstances that are perceived as threatening are stressful
B) circumstances that are threatening are stressful
C) circumstances that are stressful tax one's coping abilities
D) circumstances that are traumatic are stressful

Question 20

Mason is already late for an important appointment when he realizes he is almost out of gas. He stops to fill up, and the clerk has trouble getting approval on his credit card. When he finally pulls out of the service station, the traffic is crawling because of an accident. Inconveniences of this type

A) can often have a significant effect on physical and mental health.
B) are such routine hassles that they are not perceived as stressful.
C) usually create avoidance-avoidance conflicts.
D) are only stressful to individuals with a Type A personality.

Question 21

When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals we are said to be experiencing

A) a risk-aversion conflict
B) an approach-approach conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) an avoidance-approach conflict

Question 22

Being prevented from reaching a goal will cause most individuals to experience

A) conflict
B) frustration
C) pressure
D) vacillation

Question 23

The Sidewinders football team had been down by 36 points at half-time, but they had made a big comeback in the second half. With less than 30 seconds remaining on the clock they had narrowed the other team's lead to a single-point. All their kicker needed to do was kick a field goal, and they would win the game by 2 points. Unfortunately, the kicker missed the kick, and they lost the game. As he watched the kick go wide, the Sidewinders' coach MOST likely experienced a sense of

A) frustration
B) pressure
C) conflict
D) burnout

Question 24

Steve was excited when he finally landed the lead role in one of the community theater productions. He has been rehearsing his part for the past two months, but on the day that the play is scheduled to open, Steve awakes with a bad case of laryngitis and he is unable to perform in the play. At this point, Steve is MOST likely experiencing

A) pressure
B) conflict
C) burnout
D) frustration

Question 25

In general, the least stressful conflict is the

A) avoidance-avoidance conflict
B) approach-avoidance conflict
C) approach-approach conflict
D) double approach-avoidance conflict

Question 26

What occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression?

A) conflict
B) frustration
C) pressure
D) vacillation

Question 27

Miranda started a small craft business in her home three years ago. Last year she finally moved her business into a small store along her town's main street. Last Saturday, most of her store's stock was destroyed as firefighters fought a fire that had started in the vacant office next to her store. As Miranda walks through her ruined store, she is most likely to experience a sense of

A) burnout
B) frustration
C) pressure
D) conflict

Question 28

Frustration

A) involves any noticeable alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment
B) involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way
C) is experienced whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted
D) occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

Question 29

Your gruesome, beastly jailer walks in and offers you the choice of being whipped or clubbed as your form of punishment for the day. Assuming that neither alternative appeals to you, we could assume that you would experience

A) an approach-avoidance conflict
B) an approach-approach conflict
C) a thrill at being given a choice
D) an avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of a stressful situation that involves frustration?

A) you want to go to the big game tomorrow, but the game is sold out
B) you can't decide which movie to rent for tonight
C) your parents expect you to get at least a 3.00 GPA this semester
D) you just moved into a different apartment

Question 31

When you find yourself "caught between a rock and a hard place" you are experiencing

A) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
B) an approach-avoidance conflict
C) an approach-approach conflict
D) a double approach-avoidance conflict

Question 32

When a choice must be made between two attractive goals we are experiencing

A) a risk-aversion conflict
B) an approach-approach conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) an avoidance-approach conflict

Question 33

When a person's pursuit of a goal is blocked or thwarted, the person experiences

A) change
B) pressure
C) frustration
D) conflict

Question 34

Two blockbuster movies are opening on the same weekend, and Andrea is having trouble deciding which movie to see first Andrea is experiencing

A) a risk-aversion conflict
B) an approach-approach conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) an avoidance-approach conflict

Question 35

The person who is MOST likely to experience frustration is one who

A) can predict the outcome of an event
B) is a perfectionist
C) sets goals that are too low
D) must decide between two equally attractive alternatives

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT one of the principle types of stress?

A) change
B) anxiety
C) frustration
D) pressure

Question 37

Which of the following would NOT qualify as a frustrating event?

A) being stuck in traffic
B) getting a "B" on an exam when you wanted an "A"
C) finishing a term paper hours before you expected to finish it
D) finding that your car has not yet been repaired even though you left it hours ago

Question 38

Principle types of stress include

A) conflict, fear, pressure
B) change, frustration, pressure
C) anxiety, conflict, change
D) frustration, conflict, anxiety

Question 39

Geena has made it to the final round in a game show. She must now choose between accepting the cash that she has earned to date, or risking the cash on the chance to win a new car. As Geena tries to decide between the two available alternatives, she is facing

A) an approach-avoidance conflict
B) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) a frustration-pressure conflict
D) an approach-approach conflict

Question 40

Today is the day your younger sister's first choice for college said she would get her acceptance (or rejection) letter in the mail. It's 3:00 p.m. and the mail, which usually comes by noon, still hasn't been delivered. MOST likely your sister is experiencing

A) pressure.
B) hange
C) conflict
D) frustration

Question 41

If you cannot decide whether to submit to back surgery, which you dread, to alleviate your back pain or to continue to live with the pain, which you sometimes find unbearable, you are caught in

A) an approach-avoidance conflict
B) an approach-approach conflict
C) a double approach-avoidance conflict
D) an avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 42

Which type of conflict tends to be LEAST stressful?

A) attractive-attractive
B) approach-avoidance
C) avoidance-avoidance
D) approach-approach

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a stressful situation that involves conflict?

A) you can't decide whether to go to Florida or Mexico for spring break
B) you're stuck behind a slow-moving car on a one lane road
C) you have a term paper due the day after tomorrow and you haven't started it yet
D) you just took out a large car loan

Question 44

Conflict

A) involves any noticeable alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment
B) involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way
C) is experienced whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted
D) occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

Question 45

The pursuit of a goal that has both attractive and unattractive features defines

A) an approach-avoidance conflict
B) a double-blind conflict
C) an approach-approach conflict
D) an avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 46

Scott is taking a course in American History, and his professor has given all the students in the class a choice between completing an in-class final exam that will count for 60% of their final grade, or writing a 25-page term paper that will count for 60% of their final grade. As Scott considers which of these two options he will choose, he is facing

A) a frustration-pressure conflict
B) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) an approach-approach conflict
D) an approach-avoidance conflict

Question 47

A change in your marital status, a job change, moving, having a baby, getting promoted are all examples of ____.

A) chronic stressors
B) acute stressors
C) life changes
D) conflicts

Question 48

The most likely initial consequence of an approach-avoidance conflict is

A) approach
B) vacillation
C) avoidance
D) withdrawal

Question 49

In avoidance-avoidance conflicts a choice must be made

A) whether to seek any goal
B) whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects
C) between two unattractive goals
D) between two attractive goals

Question 50

Behavioral vacillation would be most apt to go with which type of conflict?

A) approach-avoidance
B) approach-approach
C) avoidance-avoidance
D) frustration

Question 51

Susan is shopping for a new car. She was planning on purchasing a car she could afford if she takes out a small loan. She just looked at a car that she "fell in love with" but she would need to double the size of her car loan to buy it. As Susan decides whether to purchase the more expensive car, she will MOST likely experience an

A) approach-avoidance conflict
B) attractive-unattractive conflict
C) approach-approach conflict
D) avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 52

Leonard has a job with a small company where he gets along well with everyone, and he has 15 years of seniority. Recently a competitor called to offer him a job that would pay more money, but where he would be starting over, with no seniority. As Leonard tries to decide whether to accept the new job because it offers more money, or turn the job offer down because it would mean giving up his seniority, he is facing

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an approach-avoidance conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) a frustration-pressure conflict

Question 53

Which type of conflict tends to be most unpleasant and highly stressful?

A) approach-approach
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-avoidance
D) attack-avoidance

Question 54

A person who loves to eat but at the same time fears becoming overweight is MOST likely experiencing

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) an approach-avoidance conflict
D) the fight-or-flight response

Question 55

Megan is looking at the ballot form for a citywide referendum and trying to decide whether or not to support the proposed change. If the referendum passes there will be better services available for all the city residents, but it will also mean that residents will pay increased property taxes. As Megan tries to decide whether to support the proposed referendum, she is facing

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an approach-avoidance conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) a frustration-pressure conflict

Question 56

Next semester John needs to take one required course to complete his history major. The two sections of the course are offered at 8:00 a.m. (not ideal for John who likes to sleep until 10:00 a.m.) and at noon with a Professor usually referred to as Dr. Dull. As John decides on his schedule, he will MOST likely experience an ____ conflict.

A) avoidance-avoidance
B) approach-avoidance
C) attack-avoidance
D) approach-approach

Question 57

A choice must be made between two attractive choices in an

A) attractive-attractive conflict
B) approach-approach conflict
C) approach-avoidance conflict
D) avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 58

Melissa has an old car that is desperately in need of expensive repairs. She is trying to decide whether she should spend the $1500 she has in her savings account to repair her old clunker, or whether she should use her savings to buy the used car that her neighbor has for sale. As Melissa considers which of these two options she will select, she is facing

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an approach-avoidance conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) a frustration-pressure conflict

Question 59

A choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects in an

A) avoidance-avoidance conflict
B) approach-avoidance conflict
C) approach-approach conflict
D) attractive-unattractive conflict

Question 60

When a person has two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses competing for expression, the person experiences

A) change
B) pressure
C) frustration
D) conflict

Question 61

People with higher scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale have been found to

A) react more negatively to stressful events
B) be more vulnerable to physical illness and psychological problems
C) have a more external locus of control
D) cope more effectively with stress

Question 62

James has an important job interview tomorrow morning and he obviously wants to do a good job of selling himself to the interviewer. James is MOST likely experiencing

A) pressure
B) frustration
C) conflict
D) change

Question 63

Dr. Gouin believes that getting a promotion at work or getting married is just as stressful as losing a job or getting a divorce. Dr. Gouin's beliefs are mostlike those of

A) Scheier and Carver
B) Miller and DiMatteo
C) Friedman and Rosenman
D) Holmes and Rahe

Question 64

Life changes

A) involve any noticeable alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment
B) involve expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way
C) are experienced whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted
D) occur when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

Question 65

Winona has a 10-page term paper due first thing in the morning, and she still has over half the paper left to write. At the same time her boyfriend is insisting that she come to the concert that evening where he will be performing his first violin solo. She knows that she needs to work on the paper, but she also knows her boyfriend will be disappointed if she doesn't attend the concert. Winona is MOST likely feeling

A) pressure
B) frustration
C) vacillation
D) burnout

Question 66

Current research on change and stress suggests that

A) change is not inherently or inevitably stressful
B) both positive and negative changes are equally stressful
C) too much change of whatever sort automatically makes one more vulnerable to physical and psychological problems
D) keeping change to a minimum is an effective way to avoid the harmful effects of stress

Question 67

When noticeable alterations in a person's living circumstances that require readjustment occur, the person experiences

A) change
B) pressure
C) frustration
D) conflict

Question 68

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was designed specifically to measure

A) change
B) conflict
C) control
D) aggression

Question 69

When expectations or demands that a person behave in a certain way occur, the person experiences

A) change
B) pressure
C) frustration
D) conflict

Question 70

Pressure

A) involves any noticeable alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment
B) involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way
C) is experienced whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted
D) occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

Question 71

Dr. Gaustad believes that getting a promotion at work or getting married is just as stressful as losing a job or getting a divorce. Dr. Gaustad is arguing that stress for people comes from

A) failures
B) life events involving loss
C) changes in one's life that require readjustment
D) only those life changes the person sees as negative

Question 72

Current research suggests it is most accurate to view the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) as assessing

A) changes that relate to pressure and conflict
B) changes that relate to major life events
C) changes that relate to a wide variety of stressful experiences
D) changes of all varieties

Question 73

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) is best described as including both

A) positive and negative events
B) large and small events
C) personal and environmental events
D) positive and negative and large and small events

Question 74

Demands or expectations to behave in a certain way define the notion of

A) stress
B) conflict
C) frustration
D) pressure

Question 75

Rosemary recently married her high school sweetheart, and they moved into a wonderful new condominium. A week after the move, Rosemary was offered a job that she had been hoping she would get. At this point in time, Rosemary can't imagine being any happier. According to Holmes and Rahe, Rosemary is likely to be experiencing

A) little or no stress
B) an approach-approach conflict
C) a high level of stress
D) overcompensation

Question 76

The Flashback football team had been down by 35 points at half-time, but they had made a big comeback in the second half. With less than 15 seconds remaining on the clock, they made a touchdown that narrowed the other team's lead to a single point. Their quarterback has decided to try for a two-point conversion in an attempt to win the game by a single point in the dying seconds. As the team lines up for the final play of the game, both the quarterback and the intended receiver are likely to be experiencing

A) frustration
B) conflict
C) burnout
D) pressure

Question 77

Which of the following is an example of a stressful situation that involves pressure?

A) you just transferred to a different college
B) you are stuck in a traffic jam on your way to work
C) you are meeting your significant other's parents tomorrow and your friend wants you to make a good impression
D) you can't decide whether to study for your psychology exam or work on your history paper

Question 78

Holmes and Rahe reasoned that major sources of stress for people come from

A) failures
B) life events involving loss
C) changes in one's life that require readjustment
D) only those life changes the person sees as negative

Question 79

The major criticism of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is that

A) it is based on a biased sample
B) it does not measure change exclusively
C) it contains positive events as well as negative ones
D) it focuses exclusively on frustrating events

Question 80

People with higher scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) tend to be

A) less likely to exhibit vacillation when making decisions
B) more likely to exhibit vacillation when making decisions
C) less vulnerable to developing physical illness
D) more vulnerable to developing physical illness