Deck 15: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

A(n) ________ is a persistent, unwanted thought.

A) obsession
B) compulsion
C) delusion
D) hallucination

Answer 1

obsession

Question 2

________ is a controversial disorder marked by the apparent appearance within one person of two or more distinct personalities, each with its own name and traits.

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Dissociative identity disorder
D) Bipolar disorder

Answer 2

Bipolar disorder

Question 3

________ disorders include conditions that cause persistent sad, empty, or irritable moods.

A) Personality
B) Depressive
C) Anxiety
D) Dissociative identity

Answer 3

Depressive

Question 4

Ramona has lost her interest in gardening, which brought her joy in the past. She's lost her appetite and life seems hopeless. Which disorder would Ramona be most likely to have?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Narcissistic disorder
C) Major depression
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 5

________ refers to a fear of being trapped in a crowded, public place.

A) Claustrophobia
B) Social phobia
C) Mysophobia
D) Agoraphobia

Question 6

The text defines mental disorder as:

A) the inability to distinguish right from wrong.
B) behavior that violates cultural standards.
C) behavior or emotional state that cause an individual suffering, self-destructive, endangers others, or impairs a person's ability to function and work with others.
D) behavior that deviates strongly from the norm and prevents a person from functioning normally.

Question 7

Alcoholism might be less likely to occur:

A) if it was used as a rite of passage into adulthood.
B) if the adults drank moderately at family gatherings.
C) if drinking occurred outside of homes, not in them
D) if national abstinence was enforced by law once again.

Question 8

________ consist of ambiguous pictures, sentences, or stories that the test taker interprets or completes.

A) Objective tests
B) Projective tests
C) Personality inventories
D) Diagnoses based on the DSM

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a problem with the DSM?

A) the danger of overdiagnosis
B) the power of diagnostic labels
C) the likelihood of ignoring symptoms that fall along a spectrum
D) the inclusion of objectivity and universality

Question 10

The key symptoms of ________are rule-breaking, aggressiveness, and irresponsibility.

A) schizophrenia
B) borderline personality disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) social phobia

Question 11

Mary went to the emergency room for the second time in a month complaining of difficulty in breathing and chest pain that had come on suddenly. She thought she was having a heart attack and was afraid she was
Dying, but the doctor could not find anything wrong. She may be suffering from:

A) panic disorder.
B) a somatoform disorder.
C) PTSD.
D) hypochondria.

Question 12

The two dominant approaches to understanding addiction and drug abuse are:

A) the biological model and the learning model.
B) the cultural model and the psychodynamic model.
C) the humanist model and the biological model.
D) the learning model and the psychodynamic model.

Question 13

Cases of schizophrenia:

A) result from erratic, cold, rejecting mothers.
B) vary in severity, duration, and prognosis.
C) occur from living in an unpredictable environment.
D) are seldom associated with biological factors.

Question 14

________ is the fear of being trapped in enclosed places.

A) Claustrophobia
B) Brontophobia
C) Triskaidekaphobia
D) Agoraphobia

Question 15

Obsessive-compulsive disorder may involve brain abnormalities in the:

A) thalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) prefrontal cortex.
D) hippocampus.

Question 16

After surviving an Amtrak derailment, John experienced frequent, vivid thoughts and images of the accident for several months. He also had problems sleeping and was irritable and withdrawn. John is suffering from:

A) major depression.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) panic disorder.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of mania?

A) Feelings of power
B) Extreme euphoria
C) Impulsive behavior
D) Excess rumination

Question 18

The primary purpose of the DSM is to:

A) help psychologists assess normal, as well as abnormal, behavior.
B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum.
C) provide descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.
D) describe the causes of common psychological disorders.

Question 19

Alcoholism is most likely to occur in:

A) Italy
B) Greece
C) France
D) Ireland

Question 20

The primary purpose of the ________ is to aid in the diagnosis of mental disorders.

A) MMPI
B) DSM
C) Rorschach test
D) clinical interview

Question 21

When people are said to be insane, this means that:

A) psychologists have compared their behaviors to characteristics of individuals with disorders and found a strong correlation.
B) a psychiatrist has determined that they are suffering from one of the psychological disorders, as described in the DSM.
C) a legal determination has been made that they are unaware of the consequences of their actions and unable to control their behavior.
D) a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been made either by a psychologist or by a psychiatrist specializing in the treatment of the insane.

Question 22

Projective tests are based on:

A) behavioral assumptions.
B) psychodynamic assumptions.
C) humanist assumptions.
D) social-cognitive learning assumptions.

Question 23

The assessment method that would have the most validity and reliability would be:

A) the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory).
B) the Rorschach Inkblot Test.
C) tests using doll play to determine whether a child has been sexually abused.
D) clinical observations and interviews.

Question 24

According to the textbook's discussion on anxiety:

A) panic attacks are called the fear of fears because people feel that they are dying.
B) in many situations it is sensible to feel anxiety, and in fact, this emotion is often adaptive.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder occurs within the first two days after a trauma.
D) it is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience a panic attack.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the DSM?

A) The first edition of the DSM, published in 1952, listed about 100 disorders.
B) The DSM-4 revised edition published in 2000 contains nearly 400 disorders.
C) The primary aim of the DSM is to explain the causes of various psychological disorders.
D) The DSM has had a powerful influence on notions of mental disorder.

Question 26

In the United States, the group at highest risk of suicide is:

A) African-American women.
B) American Indian men.
C) African-American men.
D) Caucasian women.

Question 27

The text defines mental disorder as:

A) the inability to distinguish right from wrong.
B) behavior that violates cultural standards.
C) behavior or emotional state that cause an individual suffering, is self-destructive, endangers others, or impairs a person's ability to function and work with others.
D) behavior that deviates strongly from the norm and prevents a person from functioning normally.

Question 28

The primary purpose of the ________ is to aid in the diagnosis of mental disorders.

A) MMPI
B) DSM
C) Rorschach test
D) clinical interview

Question 29

Which of the following is a leading objective test for major depression?

A) Rorschach Inkblot Test
B) Thematic Apperception Test
C) Beck Depression Inventory
D) Myers Briggs Inventory

Question 30

Which of the following holds true for diagnostic labels?

A) Once a person has been given a diagnosis, other people begin to see that person primarily in terms of the label.
B) People are likely to consider many possible explanations for the mental condition of a person.
C) People tend to notice positive behavioral changes in a teenager diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.
D) People do not consider the problems of another person to be inherent.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about the MMPI is NOT true?

A) It is the most widely used test for assessing personality and emotional disorders.
B) It is organized into ten categories, or scales.
C) It is an example of a projective test of personality.
D) It has four validity scales.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a problem with the DSM?

A) the danger of overdiagnosis
B) the power of diagnostic labels
C) the likelihood of ignoring symptoms that fall along a spectrum
D) the illusion of objectivity and universality

Question 33

When a person has a mental illness:

A) he or she is diagnosed as insane.
B) he or she engages in socially unusual behavior.
C) he or she is engaging in a statistically rare behavior.
D) he or she may or may have symptoms that are extremely common.

Question 34

The primary purpose of the DSM is to:

A) help psychologists assess normal, as well as abnormal, behavior.
B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum.
C) provide descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.
D) describe the causes of common psychological disorders.

Question 35

A nineteenth century physician's diagnosis of drapetomania, which purported to explain why slaves sought freedom, exemplifies:

A) the recognition of the intolerable conditions of slavery and the need to escape those conditions.
B) how notions of mental disorder can serve the interests of those who are in power by putting a veneer of science on a subjective process.
C) how great suffering elicits the "fight-or-flight" response, which is a normal human reaction.
D) recognition of panic disorder as far back as the early years of the nineteenth century.

Question 36

________ consist of ambiguous pictures, sentences, or stories that the test taker interprets or completes.

A) Objective tests
B) Projective tests
C) Personality inventories
D) Diagnoses based on the DSM

Question 37

Critics point out that one of the problems of the DSM is that:

A) it has strict criteria needed for making a diagnosis and has reduced the number of people who can be labeled with a disorder.
B) it is too resistant to change and too reluctant to add new diagnostic categories, even though today's concerns are far different from those from 1952.
C) it relies too much on empirical evidence and research findings rather than focusing on the person who is at the heart of the diagnostic process.
D) it is not called the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and a Whole Bunch of Everyday Problems," yet the compilers keep adding everyday problems!

Question 38

Sheldon is asked to report what he sees in the cards presented with symmetrical abstract patterns. It is likely that Sheldon is being given:

A) the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale.
B) the Beck Depression Inventory.
C) the Rorschach inkblot test.
D) the MMPI.

Question 39

In defining a mental disorder, it is common to consider all of the following EXCEPT:

A) whether a person's behavior violates cultural standards.
B) whether a person is legally insane.
C) whether a person's behavior causes him or her to feel distressed.
D) whether a person's behavior is self-destructive or harmful to others.

Question 40

Psychological tests used to infer motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of a person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli are called:

A) clinical judgment tests.
B) inventories.
C) objective tests.
D) projective tests.

Question 41

The chief characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder is:

A) chronic uncontrollable anxiety or worry.
B) short-lived, but intense, feelings of spontaneous anxiety.
C) excessive fear of a particular situation.
D) repeated thoughts used to ward off anxious feelings.

Question 42

Ramona has lost her interest in gardening, which brought her joy in the past. She's lost her appetite and life seems hopeless. Which disorder would Ramona be most likely to have?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Narcissistic disorder
C) Major depression
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 43

A(n) ________ is a persistent, unwanted thought.

A) obsession
B) compulsion
C) delusion
D) hallucination

Question 44

Joey experiences a continuous state of uncontrollable worry and tension. Most of the time, he feels jittery and breathless, even though he doesn't drink coffee. According to the DSM, this disorder is called:

A) panic attack.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) agoraphobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 45

Johnny has recurring periods of intense fear during which he thinks that he is having a heart attack. He trembles and has a rapid heart rate. These symptoms indicate:

A) panic attack.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) agoraphobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 46

________ is the fear of being trapped in enclosed places.

A) Claustrophobia
B) Brontophobia
C) Triskaidekaphobia
D) Agoraphobia

Question 47

After surviving an Amtrak derailment, John experienced frequent, vivid thoughts and images of the accident for several months. He also had problems sleeping and was irritable and withdrawn. John is suffering from:

A) major depression.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) panic disorder.

Question 48

Marvella has recurring bouts of trembling and shaking, dizziness, chest pain or discomfort, rapid heart rate, feelings of unreality, hot and cold flashes, and sweating. She feels that she is going crazy. Marvella is showing the symptoms of:

A) a panic attack.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) agoraphobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 49

Obsessive-compulsive disorder may involve brain abnormalities in the:

A) thalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) prefrontal cortex.
D) hippocampus.

Question 50

Psychologists regard _______________ as the "fear of fear."

A) panic attack
B) posttraumatic stress disorder
C) agoraphobia
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 51

Candice experiences a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension. According to the DSM this disorder is called:

A) panic attack.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) agoraphobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 52

________ disorders include conditions that cause persistent sad, empty, or irritable moods.

A) Personality
B) Depressive
C) Anxiety
D) Dissociative identity

Question 53

Research has indicated that:

A) in order to experience a generalized anxiety disorder, a person must have lived through a specific anxiety-producing event.
B) it is normal for an individual to feel anxious, be in a general state of apprehension, or experience psychological tension for a period of time.
C) the majority of people who live through a traumatic experience continue to have posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms for many years.
D) if loss of interest in familiar activities and a sense of detachment from others persist for two weeks after a trauma, then posttraumatic stress disorder is diagnosed.

Question 54

________ refers to the fear of heights.

A) Claustrophobia
B) Acrophobia
C) Triskaidekaphobia
D) Agoraphobia

Question 55

Kellie is fearful in situations where she must eat in public or write in the presence of others. She is worried that she might say or do something embarrassing. Kellie is exhibiting the symptoms of:

A) a generalized anxiety disorder.
B) an idiosyncratic phobia.
C) an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) a social phobia.

Question 56

In many people who continue to suffer for years from posttraumatic stress disorder, the ________ is significantly smaller than in those people who recover from the trauma.

A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) amygdala
D) hippocampus

Question 57

Mary went to the emergency room for the second time in a month complaining of difficulty in breathing and chest pain that had come on suddenly. She thought she was having a heart attack and was afraid she was dying, but the doctor could not find anything wrong. She may be suffering from:

A) panic disorder.
B) a somatoform disorder.
C) PTSD.
D) hypochondria.

Question 58

________ refers to a fear of being trapped in a crowded, public place.

A) Claustrophobia
B) Social phobia
C) Mysophobia
D) Agoraphobia

Question 59

________ is a disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts and repetitive, ritualized behaviors.

A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 60

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?

A) Agoraphobia-fear of fear, fear of being trapped in public
B) Social phobia-fear of situations in which a person will be observed by others
C) Compulsion-recurrent, persistent, unwished-for images and thoughts
D) Generalized anxiety disorder-continuing sense of doom and worry

Question 61

Depressed people tend to believe that:

A) the reason for their misery is external.
B) this bleak despair is terrible, but it will pass.
C) their misery is permanent and uncontrollable.
D) if they just had the energy, they could control the situation.

Question 62

The two dominant approaches to understanding addiction and drug abuse are:

A) the biological model and the learning model.
B) the cultural model and the psychodynamic model.
C) the humanist model and the biological model.
D) the objective model and the psychodynamic model.

Question 63

Cognitive theorists would be most likely to agree that the real problem for depressed people is that:

A) they feel hopeless.
B) they feel manic.
C) they have unsatisfying jobs.
D) they have unsatisfying family lives.

Question 64

________ disorder is characterized by extreme negative emotionality and an inability to regulate emotions.

A) Antisocial personality
B) Borderline personality
C) Bipolar
D) Psychopathic

Question 65

The key symptoms of ________are rule-breaking, aggressiveness, and irresponsibility.

A) schizophrenia
B) borderline personality disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) social phobia

Question 66

In ________, episodes of both depression and mania occur.

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Psychotic disorder
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of mania?

A) Feelings of power
B) Extreme euphoria
C) Impulsive behavior
D) Angry rumination

Question 68

Which of the following statements is a characteristic of psychopaths?

A) Psychopaths are fearful of being caught and punished for their misdeeds.
B) Psychopaths often show empathy toward the people whom they hurt.
C) Psychopaths show remorse for their harmful acts.
D) Psychopaths are fearless, unconcerned about being caught and punished for their misdeeds.

Question 69

Which of the following statements regarding the biological model of addiction and drug abuse is FALSE?

A) People who have a high sensitivity to alcohol are less likely to drink to excess.
B) If heredity plays a role in alcoholism, then more than one gene is involved.
C) For alcoholics who begin drinking heavily in adulthood, heritable factors are strongly involved.
D) Genes may affect how much a person needs to drink before feeling high.

Question 70

Biological research concerning the development of mood disorders suggests that:

A) acetylcholine and dopamine may be key neurotransmitters in depression.
B) a long form of the gene 5-HTT may predispose a person to depression.
C) depressed people have high levels of cortisol, which can affect the hippocampus and amygdala.
D) part of the problem of depression is the underproduction of cortisol.

Question 71

________ is a disorder involving disturbances in emotion, loss of interest in one's usual activities, thoughts of hopelessness, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Major depression
C) Psychopathy
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 72

Which of the following statements holds true for nondepressed people?

A) They tend to ruminate and brood over things.
B) They believe that their situation is permanent and uncontrollable.
C) They have negative thoughts and perceptions.
D) They are usually able to distract themselves, look outward, and seek solutions.

Question 73

Anthony is a charming and manipulative man with an ambition to become rich and powerful. He uses his charm and manipulates rich women to marry him. He emotionally exploits them and gets all their assets transferred to his name. Then, he kills them in cold blood without any regret. Anthony is showing the characteristics of a:

A) psychopath
B) maniac
C) schizophrenic person
D) psychotic person

Question 74

________ is a personality disorder characterized by fearlessness; lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse; the use of deceit; and cold-heartedness.

A) Psychopathy
B) Addiction
C) Schizophrenia
D) Psychosis

Question 75

The vulnerability-stress model describes:

A) the interpretation of ambiguous pictures by people.
B) interactions between upsetting events and individual vulnerability that lead to a disorder.
C) diagnostic categories of mental disorders.
D) the behavior of insane people.

Question 76

________ involve impairments in personality that cause great distress to an individual or impair his or her ability to get along with others, and the presence of pathological traits such as excessive hostility or callousness.

A) Personality disorders
B) Depressive disorders
C) Anxiety disorders
D) Attention deficit disorders.

Question 77

Mark would bite and hit the other children in his preschool class, and by the time he turned ten he started shoplifting and skipping school. His teenage years showed a pattern of cheating at school, stealing from a part-time job, selling drugs, and stealing cars. Mark's developmental history is an indication of:

A) schizophrenia.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 78

Which of the following factors contributes to depression?

A) Losses of important relationships
B) Recurring family quarrels
C) Having a stressful day
D) High self-esteem

Question 79

Which of the following facts holds true for antisocial personality disorder (APD)?

A) Many people with APD don't do as well as other individuals on neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe functioning.
B) Disease, accident, physical abuse, or genetic predispositions do not contribute to frontal lobe damage.
C) Environmental influences do not play a role in antisocial behavior.
D) Impairments in the frontal lobe do not affect emotional control.

Question 80

________ disorder is characterized by a lifelong pattern of irresponsible, antisocial behavior such as law-breaking, violence, and other impulsive, reckless acts.

A) Antisocial personality
B) Borderline personality
C) Bipolar
D) Psychopathic