Deck 12: The Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 1

Following a routine CBC (complete blood count), the hematocrit for Ms. Smith, a 46-year old female, is 32%. This would most likely be indicative of what condition?

A) polycythemia
B) anemia
C) leukemia
D) None, this value is within normal limits

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following lead(s) to an increase in the rate of RBC production?

A) hypoxia
B) testosterone
C) erythropoietin
D) all of these choices

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The heme portion of hemoglobin contains iron that binds reversibly with oxygen. In addition to oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, hemoglobin functions in blood pressure regulation by ferrying nitric oxide throughout the body.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The second statement is true; the first is false.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A, B, and Rh(D) are examples of _____ found on the surface of red blood cells.
1 antibodies
2 antigens
3 plasma proteins

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) both 1 and 3

Question 5

Which of the following statements about factors involved in the formation of blood cells is FALSE?

A) Cytokines called colony-stimulating factors and interleukins regulate the formation and activities of cells involved in nonspecific defense and immunity.
B) Thrombopoietin produced in the kidney regulates the clotting activities of platelets.
C) Erythropoietin and thrombopoietin may be referred to as both hormones and hemopoietic growth factors.
D) All of these choices are TRUE.

Question 6

Monocytes migrate into body tissues to become phagocytic cells called:

A) macrophages.
B) fibroblasts.
C) lymphocytes.
D) polymorphs.

Question 7

The components of the cardiovascular system include:
1 interstitial fluid
2 blood vessels
3 heart
4 lymphatic vessels
5 blood

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 2, 3, 4, 5 only
C) 2, 3, 5 only
D) 1, 2, 3, 5 only

Question 8

Which of the following can occur as a result of fetal-maternal Rh incompatability in the fetal blood?

A) agglutination
B) hemolysis
C) hemolytic disease (HDN)
D) All of these choices

Question 9

The white blood cells that typically increase in number in response to allergic conditions or parasitic infections are the _____.

A) neutrophils
B) eosinophils
C) basophils
D) monocytes

Question 10

Pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia are two conditions that result from inadequate absorption of

A) iron
B) vitamin C
C) calcium
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 11

Platelets:

A) have a longer life span than red blood cells.
B) develop from worn out red blood cells.
C) are more numerous than red blood cells.
D) promote blood clotting and blood vessel repair.

Question 12

Neutrophils provide weapons against bacteria in the form of:

A) lysozymes.
B) defensins.
C) strong oxidants.
D) all of these choices

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of leukemia?

A) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
B) Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
C) Sickle-cell disease (SCD)
D) Chronic mylogenous leukemia (CML)

Question 14

The life span of a red blood cell is approximately:

A) 30 days (one month)
B) 60 days (two months)
C) 90 days (three months)
D) 120 days (four months)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of blood?

A) pH range of 7.25 to 7.55
B) temperature of 38ºC (100.4 ºF)
C) average volume of 5-6 liters (1.5gal) in a male
D) about 8% of body weight

Question 16

A hematocrit of 54% or higher (upper limit of normal) is an indication of polycythemia.

Question 17

Sites of hemopoiesis in the adult include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) liver.
B) sternum.
C) head of humerus.
D) head of femur.

Question 18

Blood functions to:
1 protect against its excessive loss after injury
2 play a role in pH regulation
3 protect against UV radiation damage
4 protect against disease
5 assist with regulation of body temperature

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 3, 4, 5 only
C) 1, 2, 4, 5 only
D) 2, 4, 5 only

Question 19

Reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity is a condition referred to as

A) leukemia
B) polycythemia
C) blood doping
D) anemia

Question 20

Levels of which granular leukocyte are increased immediately following a tissue injury?

A) neutrophils
B) erythrocytes
C) thrombocytes
D) monocytes

Question 21

Describe the three main functions of blood.

Question 22

During fetal development, blood cells may arise from tissue in the thymus, spleen, liver, and red bone marrow.

Question 23

Increased mitochondria can be found in mature erythrocytes in order to produce more ATP required for gas transport to and from all cells of the body.

Question 24

Most erythropoietin of the newborn is produced in the liver.

Question 25

The ABO blood typing system is used to classify mature red blood cells based upon the different types of cholesterol found in the plasma membrane.

Question 26

Stem cells, lymphocytes and progenitor cells are similar in appearance and cannot be distinguished from one another microscopically.

Question 27

Hemoglobin transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide.

Question 28

Neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils typically have nuclei with two or more lobes, and therefore are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Question 29

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are agranulocytes.

Question 30

Megakaryocytes are cells that break into 2000-3000 platelets.

Question 31

In cases of sickle cell anemia, malformation of thrombocytes occur which produces abnormal clotting of the blood.

Question 32

Describe the anatomical features of a mature red blood cell that suits it for its functions of gas transport.

Question 33

Discuss the most significant danger experienced by athletes who engage in the illegal practice of blood doping.

Question 34

The ABO blood grouping system is based on two antigens: AB and Rh.

Question 35

List the components of blood plasma, stating a function of each, or giving a reason why each is found in the blood plasma.

Question 36

Only 2% of leukocytes are circulating in the blood at any one time; the rest are in lymph, lymphoid organs, skin, and lungs.

Question 37

The temperature of blood is slightly less than normal body temperature.

Question 38

T cells respond to foreign invaders by producing antibodies.

Question 39

Whereas the numbers of red blood cells and platelets normally remain steady, the numbers of white blood cells vary in response to immune challenges.

Question 40

Blood is heavier, thicker, and less viscous than water.

Question 41

The white blood cells that are the first to respond to tissue destruction caused by bacteria are the _____.

Question 42

Amino acids are the end product of carbohydrate digestion, carried by plasma to body cells.

Question 43

_____ attack viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, cancer cells, and some bacteria.

Question 44

Describe the three chemicals that neutrophils contain and how these chemicals assist in defense against infection.

Question 45

Briefly describe the structure of a hemoglobin molecule and relate that to its functions.

Question 46

_____ stem cells give rise to all formed elements of blood.

Question 47

A white blood cell count below normal is called _____.

Question 48

B cells develop into _____ cells whose function is to produce _____ that help destroy bacteria and inactivate their toxins.

Question 49

The process of blood cell formation is called _____.

Question 50

The molecules that are the most abundant and also the smallest of the plasma proteins are the _____.

Question 51

A monocyte is a disc-shaped cell that contains no nucleus.

Question 52

_____ stem cells: give rise to erythrocytes, platelets, granular leukocytes, and monocytes.

Question 53

Hypoxia stimulates the kidneys to produce a hormone called _____ that causes the rate of production of RBC to increase.

Question 54

Albumins, the smallest plasma proteins, are important in maintaining osmotic pressure.

Question 55

_____ stem cells give rise to lymphocytes.

Question 56

Discuss at least three common characteristics of the many types of anemia.

Question 57

The study of blood and blood-forming tissues is called _____.

Question 58

Some _____ cells are referred to as colony-forming units (CFUs).

Question 59

Several different chemicals released by microbes and inflamed tissues attract phagocytes, a phenomenon called _____.

Question 60

Fixed macrophages in two organs, specifically the _____ and _____, remove worn out red blood cells and platelets from the bloodstream.

Question 61

Red blood cells and white blood cells are directly involved in which two functions of blood?

A) Protection and regulation
B) Regulation and transportation
C) Transportation and protection

Question 62

A basophil contains a multilobed nucleus and fine lilac granules in cytoplasm when stained with basic dyes.

Question 63

What percentage of a centrifuged sample of whole blood is occupied by red blood cells?

Question 64

What is the major function of plasma fibrinogen?

A) Carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide
B) Regulating blood clotting
C) Regulating osmotic pressure
D) Storing energy as ATP

Question 65

Your patient has chronically low B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte levels but sufficient erythrocyte and platelet levels. Which cell is most likely developing incorrectly?

A) Lymphoid stem cell
B) Myeloid stem cell
C) T lymphoblast cells
D) Pluripotent stem cell

Question 66

Destruction of red bone marrow by toxins, gamma radiation, etc., results in a condition termed Thalassemia.

Question 67

Which cell type is involved in the condition known as Leukemia?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) None of these choices

Question 68

If the total volume of blood in a test tube was 10 mL and the volume of red blood cells was 3 mL, the hematocrit value is 3%.

Question 69

Which of these terms do not below with the others?

A) eosinophil
B) basophil
C) monocyte
D) neutrophil

Question 70

Which type of stem cell transplant is less likely to cause graft-versus-host-disease?

A) bone marrow transplant
B) cord-blood transplant

Question 71

Which cell type is involved in the condition known as Thrombocytopenia?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) None of these choices

Question 72

Which cell is involved in the condition known as Polycythemia?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) None of these choices

Question 73

What percentage of a centrifuged sample of whole blood is occupied by plasma?

Question 74

Which disorder is characterized by slightly bluish/dark-purple skin discoloration, most easily seen in the nail beds and mucous membranes, due to an increased quantity of methemoglobin, hemoglobin not combined with oxygen in systemic blood.

A) Embolus
B) Jaundice
C) Septicemia
D) Cyanosis

Question 75

An eosinophil has large granules in the cytoplasm that stain red-orange with acidic dyes and typically contains a two or three lobed nucleus.