Deck 5: Integumentary System

Question 1

The epidermis

A) is thicker than the dermis.
B) contains no blood vessels.
C) is composed of loose connective tissue.
D) is made up mostly of melanocytes.
E) is composed of the reticular and papillary layers.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?

A) The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.
B) The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.
C) The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.
D) The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
E) The epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is found in only a few areas of the body?

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The dermis

A) contains no blood vessels.
B) functions as padding and insulation.
C) is divided into three distinct layers.
D) is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.
E) does not contain connective tissue.

Question 5

Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 6

The stratum basale

A) is easily shed when you rub your hands together.
B) has a mixture of living and dead cells - mostly dead.
C) contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis.
D) contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.
E) contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.

Question 7

What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?

A) melanin
B) keratin
C) carotene
D) elastin
E) collagen

Question 8

A malfunction of the process of keratinization results in the condition known as

A) psoriasis.
B) cyanosis.
C) jaundice.
D) impetigo.
E) acne.

Question 9

As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called

A) pollination.
B) keratinization.
C) melaninization.
D) germination.
E) desquamation.

Question 10

The layer of epithelium that covers the skin is called the

A) dermis.
B) epidermis.
C) hypodermis.
D) mesodermis.
E) papillary layer.

Question 11

The sloughing off of older cells from the surface of the skin is called

A) pollination.
B) keratinization.
C) melaninization.
D) germination.
E) desquamation.

Question 12

The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the

A) stratum basale.
B) stratum corneum.
C) stratum spinosum.
D) stratum granulosum.
E) stratum lucidum.

Question 13

In which of the following does desquamation of the stratum corneum occur?

A) biting fingernails
B) losing hair from your scalp
C) a 5-minute surgical scrub
D) scar formation
E) hair growth

Question 14

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?

A) fat production
B) vitamin C production
C) regulation of body pH
D) protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun
E) vitamin A production

Question 15

Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?

A) keratinocytes
B) melanocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) Merkel cells
E) fibroblasts

Question 16

Keratinization

A) occurs in the dermis.
B) results in the formation of new epidermal cells.
C) produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion.
D) determines skin color.
E) does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis.

Question 17

In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed?

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 18

In which layer of the epidermis are lamellar bodies formed inside keratinocytes?

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 19

The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the

A) stratum basale.
B) stratum granulosum.
C) stratum lucidum.
D) stratum corneum.
E) stratum dermum.

Question 20

Keratinocytes

A) produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes.
B) are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin.
C) are special cells of the immune system.
D) are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin.
E) determine thickness of the skin.

Question 21

The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from

A) a lack of melanin in the area.
B) the light-scattering properties of collagen.
C) the superficial location of skin pigments.
D) an increase in arterial blood circulating in the area.
E) a lack of oxygen in the blood.

Question 22

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the skin?

A) melanosomes.
B) albinism.
C) dermatitis.
D) carotene.
E) cyanosis.

Question 23

This layer is found only in thick skin.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 24

This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 25

A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is

A) melanosomes.
B) albinism.
C) dermatitis.
D) carotene.
E) cyanosis.

Question 26

Melanin

A) is transferred to other cells by osmosis.
B) is increased with exposure to infrared light.
C) is absent in individuals known as albinos.
D) is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum.
E) makes the skin lighter.

Question 27

A yellow pigment derived from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin is

A) melanosomes.
B) albinism.
C) dermatitis.
D) carotene.
E) cyanosis.

Question 28

Thick skin

A) has three different epidermal strata.
B) has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin.
C) is found covering most of the body.
D) is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.
E) is determined by the thickness of the dermis.

Question 29

Which of the following statements regarding melanin is true?

A) During pregnancy melanin production is increased.
B) Both melanocytes and keratinocytes produce melanin.
C) In Addison's disease, less melanin is produced.
D) Men produce more melanin than women.
E) Melanin is a white pigment.

Question 30

Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the

A) breakdown of carotene.
B) breakdown of melanin.
C) buildup of bilirubin.
D) activity of the enzyme tyrosinase.
E) activity of the keratinocytes.

Question 31

Melanin production can be influenced by

A) genetics.
B) hormones.
C) exposure to sunlight.
D) pregnancy.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 32

This epidermal stratum has several layers of cells held together by desmosomes.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 33

The vesicles that contain melanin are

A) melanosomes.
B) albinism.
C) dermatitis.
D) carotene.
E) cyanosis.

Question 34

Light-skinned races such as Caucasians have

A) more melanocytes than races with darker skins.
B) fewer melanocytes than races with darker skins.
C) approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins.
D) more melanin in their skin.
E) a different kind of melanin in their skin.

Question 35

Skin color is the result of the

A) quantity of melanin in the skin.
B) number of keratinocytes in the skin.
C) amount of fat in the hypodermis.
D) thickness of the stratum basale.
E) number of melanocytes in the skin.

Question 36

The layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 37

Thin skin has only four epithelial strata. It lacks which of the following?

A) stratum spinosum
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum lucidum
D) stratum corneum
E) stratum basale

Question 38

The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called

A) hemolysis.
B) desquamation.
C) cyanosis.
D) carotenosis.
E) albinism.

Question 39

What will develop when the skin is subjected to excess friction or pressure?

A) carcinoma
B) melanoma
C) papillae
D) stretch marks
E) callus

Question 40

Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?

A) stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum
B) stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
C) stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum
D) stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum
E) stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 41

A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will

A) become pale.
B) have a reddish hue.
C) develop a yellow tint.
D) become bright red.
E) not change color.

Question 42

When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis

A) has more fat cells than the hypodermis.
B) is a more vascular tissue than the hypodermis.
C) is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.
D) contains melanocytes; the hypodermis does not.
E) and the hypodermis do not contain collagen.

Question 43

The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the

A) hair bulb.
B) hair root.
C) hair shaft.
D) hair follicle.
E) dermal papilla.

Question 44

This is the site of fat storage in the skin.

A) epidermis
B) reticular layer
C) papillary layer
D) stretch marks
E) hypodermis

Question 45

This is the main fibrous layer of the dermis.

A) epidermis
B) reticular layer
C) papillary layer
D) stretch marks
E) hypodermis

Question 46

This layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes.

A) epidermis
B) reticular layer
C) papillary layer
D) stretch marks
E) hypodermis

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Both the hair root and hair shaft contain living cells.
B) Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium.
C) The hair follicle has a hypodermal root sheath.
D) The matrix forms the hair surface.
E) The hair follicle is not associated with sebaceous glands.

Question 48

Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false?

A) Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.
B) Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
C) The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages.
D) The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.
E) The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.

Question 49

Which of the following statements is true?

A) In males, the hairs of the beard are vellus hairs.
B) Both vellus and terminal hairs are pigmented.
C) The majority of hair on the chest is vellus hair.
D) At puberty, much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair.
E) Hair in the axillary region is vellus hair after puberty.

Question 50

Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints

A) are associated with thin skin.
B) improve the grip of the hands.
C) decrease friction on surfaces where they are located.
D) are caused by the pattern of the reticular layer of the dermis.
E) tend to make the surface smooth.

Question 51

Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called

A) terminal hairs.
B) primary hairs.
C) lanugo hairs.
D) vellus hairs.
E) secondary hairs.

Question 52

Rupturing the dermis may cause these to develop.

A) epidermis
B) reticular layer
C) papillary layer
D) stretch marks
E) hypodermis

Question 53

Melanin is produced only by

A) keratinocytes.
B) basal cells.
C) Langerhans cells.
D) melanocytes.
E) Merkel's cells.

Question 54

At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called

A) terminal hairs.
B) primary hairs.
C) lanugo hairs.
D) vellus hairs.
E) pubic hairs.

Question 55

If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layer(s) was/were cut?

A) stratum corneum
B) stratum basale
C) dermis
D) hypodermis
E) all of these layers

Question 56

Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected?

A) reticular layer of dermis
B) stratum corneum
C) stratum granulosum
D) epidermis
E) stratum basale

Question 57

This is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis.

A) epidermis
B) reticular layer
C) papillary layer
D) stretch marks
E) hypodermis

Question 58

Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called

A) dermal striae.
B) cleavage lines.
C) reticular lines.
D) melanocytes.
E) dermal papillae.

Question 59

Adipose tissue in the hypodermis

A) serves as a storage site for fat, which can be used for energy.
B) helps to lower body temperature.
C) provides protection against infection.
D) is absent in infants.
E) connects the dermis with the epidermis.

Question 60

Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the

A) dermis.
B) epidermis.
C) melanocytes.
D) stratum corneum.
E) hypodermis.

Question 61

The nail root and the nail body attach to the

A) lunula.
B) nail bed.
C) nail groove.
D) hyponychium.
E) hypodermis.

Question 62

The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the

A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum lucidum.
C) stratum basale.
D) stratum spinosum.
E) stratum lunula.

Question 63

When the arrector pili muscles contract

A) the body is able to lose heat.
B) "goose bumps" form on the skin.
C) the hair on your arms and legs begins to curl.
D) the sweat glands empty their contents onto the surface of the skin.
E) no change is noted on the skin surface.

Question 64

The activity of apocrine sweat glands

A) produces cerumen.
B) leads to body odor.
C) gives the skin a healthy glow.
D) produces sweat on the palm of the hand.
E) produces an oily secretion.

Question 65

All of the following statements concerning hair are true except one. Identify the exception.

A) The growth rate of all types of hair is the same.
B) Hair growth occurs in cycles, with growth and resting stages.
C) In pattern baldness, those hair follicles present begin to produce vellus hair.
D) Some loss of hair is normal and indicates old hairs are being pushed out by new hairs.
E) Genetic factors and testosterone cause pattern baldness.

Question 66

Baldness

A) occurs only in men.
B) is related to estrogen levels.
C) is related to levels of growth hormone.
D) is not genetic.
E) is more common in men than in women.

Question 67

The length of hair is determined by the

A) size of the hair bulb.
B) angle of the hair root.
C) rate of hair growth.
D) length of the resting stage.
E) age of the person.

Question 68

The central axis of the hair is the

A) shaft.
B) cuticle.
C) hair bulb.
D) medulla.
E) root.

Question 69

Skin glands do not include

A) sebaceous glands.
B) salivary glands.
C) ceruminous glands.
D) mammary glands.
E) sweat glands.

Question 70

An expanded knob at the base of the hair root is the

A) shaft.
B) cuticle.
C) hair bulb.
D) medulla.
E) root.

Question 71

That portion of the hair that extends above the surface of the skin is the

A) shaft.
B) cuticle.
C) hair bulb.
D) medulla.
E) root.

Question 72

Sweat

A) is a hypertonic fluid.
B) is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland.
C) contains only water.
D) reaches the body only through the hair follicles.
E) is not associated with emotions.

Question 73

Eccrine sweat glands

A) aid in cooling the body.
B) serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles.
C) produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin.
D) produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria.
E) are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature.

Question 74

The portion of the hair below the surface of the skin is the

A) shaft.
B) cuticle.
C) hair bulb.
D) medulla.
E) root.

Question 75

Bob was completely bald on the top of his head by the time he was 35 years of age. Bob noticed he produced abundant sweat on his head when he exercised. He also noticed that his scalp was no longer oily. Which of the following changes account for the observations? (1) He has fewer functional hair follicles now.
(2) He has fewer functional sebaceous glands now.
(3) He has fewer merocrine sweat glands now.
(4) He has fewer apocrine sweat glands now.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 1, 2, 4
D) 1, 3, 4
E) 1, 2

Question 76

The outer surface of the hair is called the

A) shaft.
B) cuticle.
C) hair bulb.
D) medulla.
E) root.

Question 77

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.
B) Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria.
C) Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin.
D) Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.
E) Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble.

Question 78

Body odor results from secretions from the ______ sweat glands.

A) apocrine
B) merocrine
C) ceruminous
D) sebaceous
E) eccrine

Question 79

Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin?

A) black
B) brown
C) red
D) white
E) auburn

Question 80

Nails

A) protect the ends of digits.
B) alternate between growing and resting stages.
C) grow from their free edges.
D) are part of the dermis.
E) are soft keratin.