Deck 14: Therapies

Question 1

Which of the following is true about the stigma associated with psychological disorders?

A) While a mental illness stigma exists, it is not a major barrier to seeking treatment.
B) The stigma around psychological disorders is justified, given the danger and unpredictable nature of the mentally ill.
C) There is no real stigma associated with psychological disorders.
D) While the stigma around mental illness is not justified, seeking treatment for mental illness can lead to discrimination.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Imagine that a friend asks you what you have heard about St. John's wort because he is considering using it to alleviate his depression. Which of the following is probably the safest conclusion you can draw?

A) Many people who have reported improvements with St. John's wort, but the effects are typically mild and improvements may depend on the quality of the brand.
B) St. John's wort is superior to prescription antidepressant medications.
C) Your friend may as well take a placebo: Scientific evidence does not support the conclusion that St. John's wort reduces symptoms of depression.
D) St. John's wort is superior to cognitive-behavioral therapies.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The processes for resolving personal, emotional, behavioral, and social problems so as to improve well-being are known as ________.

A) psychotherapy
B) barriers to help-seeking
C) minimalizing
D) compensation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Research into the effectiveness of antidepressants indicates that the most effective treatment for many people is:

A) taking antidepressant drugs alone.
B) psychotherapy without any pharmaceutical therapy.
C) taking antidepressants combined with antipsychotic drugs.
D) combining antidepressant drugs with psychotherapy.

Question 5

In general, antidepressant drugs are believed to work by:

A) decreasing monoamine activity in the brain.
B) increasing monoamine activity in the brain.
C) increasing GABA activity in the brain.
D) decreasing GABA activity in the brain.

Question 6

Carl Rogers developed a type of therapy called _____, which focuses on individuals' abilities to solve their own problems and reach their full potential with the encouragement of the therapist.

A) object relations therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) insight therapy
D) person/client-centered therapy

Question 7

Family therapists take a _____ approach, an orientation toward family therapy that involves identifying and understanding what each individual family member contributes to the entire family dynamic.

A) client-centered
B) psychoanalytic
C) systems
D) systematic desensitization

Question 8

Members of these racial and ethnic minority groups are less likely to seek mental health services than are Caucasian Americans.

A) Asian and African Americans
B) Asian Americans and Latinos
C) Hispanic and African Americans
D) Hispanic and Caucasians

Question 9

In the middle of the 20th century, Walter Freeman and others infamously treated thousands of patients with a procedure known as _____.

A) shock therapy
B) frontal lobotomy
C) deep brain stimulation
D) anterior cingulotomy

Question 10

________ is the relationship that emerges in therapy and is an important aspect of effectiveness.

A) Client insight
B) Altruism
C) Therapeutic alliance
D) Friendship

Question 11

Which type of provider is permitted to prescribe medication in all 50 states?

A) Psychiatrist
B) Clinical psychologist
C) Clinical social worker
D) Medical psychologist

Question 12

A kindergarten teacher (unintentionally) places conditions of worth on her students. What does this mean?

A) She always lets her students know how much she values them.
B) She regularly tries to draw compliments out of her students.
C) She acts as if a student no longer matters to her or the school if he misbehaves.
D) She provides monetary rewards for good behavior.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

A) ECT can be an effective treatment for severe cases of depression.
B) ECT is no longer considered a valid or ethical form of treatment.
C) ECT is still performed in the same way it was delivered in the 1930s and 1940s.
D) ECT triggers a controlled stroke.

Question 14

According to your textbook, two of the major barriers to mental health treatment are:

A) time and money.
B) a lack therapists and racism.
C) rigid diagnostic criteria for mental illness and insurance companies.
D) pharmaceutical companies and medical lobbyists.

Question 15

Which of the following persons is most likely to seek help for his or her mental health difficulty?

A) Byron, a recently naturalized U.S. citizen from South Africa
B) Julia, who lives in Venezuela
C) Marie, a 45-year-old Caucasian female
D) Ralph, a 65-year-old postal worker

Question 16

_________ involves a process in which the client faces feared situations gradually and under controlled conditions.

A) Client-centered therapy
B) Family therapy
C) Insight therapy
D) Exposure therapy

Question 17

Farrah feels her life is so pointless that she can barely get out of bed some mornings. Participating in her favorite activities, such as reading and shopping with friends, no longer gives her any pleasure. Although Farrah has been experiencing these feelings for months, she tells herself that everyone feels "blue" now and then, and there's no reason to seek professional help. Which of the following best describes Farrah's barrier to seeking treatment?

A) malingering
B) minimalization
C) misunderstanding
D) mistrust

Question 18

The rigorous testing of specific psychotherapies is difficult, in part because:

A) clients do not want to receive experimental treatments.
B) most people prefer self-help treatments.
C) therapists cannot be blind to the type of therapy they are administering.
D) few therapists are willing to participate in such studies.

Question 19

Rita is a mental health professional who has a master's degree. She generally works with people who are having difficulty dealing with mild depression or anxiety, or are generally having trouble with stress or coping; she does not work with individuals who have more severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia or major depression. Rita is most likely a _____.

A) counseling psychologist
B) psychiatrist
C) clinical psychologist
D) forensic psychologist

Question 20

Tardive dyskinesia is:

A) a side effect of some antipsychotic drugs that involves motion control problems.
B) an antidepressant that breaks down enzymes in the synapse.
C) the growth of new neurons in the adult brain.
D) a side effect of antidepressant drugs.

Question 21

Rihanna goes to a mental health professional for help with her depression. While waiting for the therapist, she notices the medical degree hanging on the wall in the office. At the end of the session, the therapist writes Rihanna a prescription for an antidepressant drug. Rihanna's therapist is a ______________.

A) clinical social worker
B) psychiatrist
C) clinical psychologist
D) counseling psychologist

Question 22

Thanks to the _________________ movement, the vast majority of mental institutions in the United States have been closed.

A) deinstitutionalization
B) in-patient
C) empirically supported treatment
D) therapeutic alliance

Question 23

Which of the following has been a side effect of moving the treatment of mental illness from inpatient to outpatient care?

A) Psychiatric hospitals have become more inhumane.
B) Crime rates have increased greatly.
C) Homelessness has become a major problem for the mentally ill.
D) There have not been any negative side effects from moving to outpatient treatment.

Question 24

Which of the following is true regarding court-ordered treatments?

A) Therapeutic intervention never works if mandated.
B) Even though this is mandatory treatment, a significant number of people benefit.
C) Individuals who are higher in socioeconomic status are more likely to receive involuntary treatment.
D) The rates of involuntary treatment are unrelated to economic, racial, and ethnic factors.

Question 25

A major goal of modern inpatient psychiatric treatment is:

A) keeping people with mental illness out of the community for as long as possible.
B) permanently curing mental illness.
C) quickly returning patients to society as soon as possible.
D) punishing the criminally insane.

Question 26

Only ____ states have passed laws for prescriptive authority for psychologists.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 10

Question 27

If you or a family member were suffering from a severe mental illness, you would be most likely to be treated by a(n) _____________ psychologist.

A) research
B) counseling
C) academic
D) clinical

Question 28

According to your textbook, which technology is becoming increasingly common?

A) holding therapy sessions via video chat
B) therapy using SMS or text messaging
C) therapy using Facebook or other social media sites
D) therapy using email exchanges (similar to letter writing therapy)

Question 29

Which of the following is a key difference between clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists?

A) Clinical psychologists have a PhD and counseling psychologists have a PsyD.
B) Clinical psychologists have a PsyD and counseling psychologists have a PhD.
C) Clinical psychologists treat a range of psychological problems from minor to severe, whereas counseling psychologists do not typically treat people with severe disorders.
D) There is no difference between the two types of psychologists.

Question 30

Physicians who specialize in mental health and diagnose and treat mental disorders primarily through prescribing medications that influence brain chemistry are called ______________.

A) psychiatrists
B) clinical psychologists
C) medical psychologists
D) biopsychologists

Question 31

The movement which returned people from mental institutions to their communities and families and enabled them to receive treatment on an outpatient basis is referred to as _________________.

A) deinstitutionalization
B) in-patient
C) empirically supported treatment
D) therapeutic alliance

Question 32

Today, people in need of serious, long-term care often live in _________________ centers, which are a humane alternative to the asylums of the past.

A) deinstitutionalization
B) residential treatment
C) insight
D) therapeutic alliance

Question 33

A digital game app engaged players in a game to track movements of animated characters. Making use of attention-bias modification training was used to alleviate

A) depression
B) phobia.
C) anxiety.
D) schizoid behavior.

Question 34

Perceived gender roles often result in:

A) men seeking help for mental illness less frequently than women.
B) women seeking help for mental illness less frequently than men.
C) men experiencing more severe symptoms of mental illness than women.
D) women experiencing more severe symptoms of mental illness than men.

Question 35

Dr. Snider has a PsyD degree and works in a hospital, where she diagnoses and treats patients with severe psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Dr. Snider is a ________________.

A) psychiatrist
B) research psychologist
C) clinical psychologist
D) counseling psychologist

Question 36

Which of the following mental health professionals is most likely to have either a PhD or a PsyD and diagnose and treat mental health problems ranging from the everyday to the chronic and severe?

A) clinical psychologist
B) research psychologist
C) psychiatrist
D) counseling psychologist

Question 37

Which of the following professionals is trained as a physician and may be found working in either private practice or in a hospital setting?

A) clinical psychologist
B) clinical social worker
C) mental health counselor
D) psychiatrist

Question 38

In some states, __________________ can be certified to practice if they hold a master's degree.

A) psychiatrists
B) counseling psychologists
C) medical doctors
D) clinical psychologists

Question 39

Which area of psychology focuses on identifying how an individual's mental health is influenced by factors such as the neighborhood, economics, social groups?

A) local psychology
B) holistic psychology
C) clinical psychology
D) community psychology

Question 40

Which of the following is most likely to result in a person being required to receive court-ordered treatment?

A) driving under the influence of alcohol
B) 6 months of major depression
C) believing you were abducted by aliens
D) a desire to undergo sex reassignment surgery

Question 41

According to your textbook, analysis of several studies investigating the effectiveness of the self-help book Feeling Good suggests that self-help books probably have:

A) no effect.
B) a negative (detrimental) effect.
C) a large positive effect.
D) a positive effect, but the effect seems small.

Question 42

Carlita has just come from her first therapy session. To better understand Carlita's generalized anxiety, the therapist asked her to talk about her childhood experiences and interactions with her parents and has asked her to keep a dream journal for the next several weeks. With which orientation is this approach most consistent?

A) behavioral
B) eclectic
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Question 43

In interpreting a dream, a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's _________ content.

A) latent
B) manifest
C) conscious
D) resistant

Question 44

Therapeutic alliance refers to:

A) the combined effectiveness of psychotherapy and pharmaceuticals.
B) a professional organization of clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists, and social workers.
C) the relationship that emerges between patient and therapist during therapy.
D) an organization founded to empirically test the efficacy and safety of various psychotherapies.

Question 45

In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?

A) behavioral
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Question 46

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people:

A) feedback from their biologically controlled responses.
B) help in understanding perceptual processes.
C) basic training in observational learning and practice.
D) clearer understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions.

Question 47

Julio tells his therapist that he dreamt of a large blue monster that was about to eat him. His therapist interpreted this dream as representing Julio's abusive father. According to dream analysis, the manifest content is _____________.

A) Julio
B) Julio's father
C) the therapist
D) the large blue monster

Question 48

Starting in the 1970s, a program called Scared Straight exposed at-risk youth to the harsh reality of prison life. According to your textbook, which of the following is true about this program?

A) It reduced crime rates among troubled youth by 65%.
B) The program did not reduce the risk of incarceration and may have been harmful.
C) Many participants actually came to believe that prison life was preferable to life at home.
D) The program worked, but the effect was small.

Question 49

Lindsay has been experiencing a great deal of stress during her first year of college. She checks out a book from the library which promises to help people find strategies for reducing stress. Lindsay plans to engage in ____________.

A) bibliotherapy
B) aversive conditioning
C) person-centered therapy
D) psychoanalysis

Question 50

Free association is a technique used in ___________ therapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) family
C) person-centered
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 51

Empirically supported treatments refer to:

A) treatments for which only anecdotal evidence of effectiveness are available.
B) treatments that are effective for all psychological disorders and this effectiveness has been established through rigorous scientific testing.
C) treatments that are effective for specific disorders and this effectiveness has been established through the use of sound research designs.
D) treatments which have been shown to be effective for 100% of people receiving therapy.

Question 52

A _____________ is a statistical method that helps researchers to combine the findings from several research studies.

A) meta-analysis
B) beta-analysis
C) correlation
D) standard deviation

Question 53

Bart is asked by his psychotherapist to close his eyes. After a few minutes of relaxing, the therapist asks Bart to discuss whatever comes to mind and to continue without censoring any of the ideas or thoughts he experiences. Bart is experiencing the therapeutic technique of _____________.

A) active confrontation
B) transference
C) free association
D) systematic desensitization

Question 54

What category of therapy is most concerned with improving a client's awareness of the underlying causes of his or her difficulties?

A) behavioral
B) biological
C) cognitive
D) insight

Question 55

Critiques of the empirically supported treatment approach are most likely to state that:

A) all psychotherapies are equally effective.
B) the effectiveness of different psychotherapies cannot be tested in the same way drugs are.
C) therapeutic effectiveness can be tested using randomized, double-blind experiments.
D) the therapeutic process is generally simple and straightforward.

Question 56

Freud believed that patients could not identify their psychological conflicts without the help of a therapist. This was primarily because Freud believed that:

A) non-psychiatrists do not have the training to understand their own psychology.
B) people are not aware of their psychological conflicts because they are located in the unconscious mind.
C) most people are too busy to think about their internal motivations and conflicts.
D) people are too biased to objectively assess their mental state on their own.

Question 57

Treatments that have been tested using sound research designs, and have been found to be both safe and effective are called ______________.

A) bibliotherapies
B) empirically supported treatments
C) psychotherapies
D) insight therapies

Question 58

According to Sigmund Freud, when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream, you recall the dream's __________.

A) latent content
B) deep meaning
C) surface meaning
D) manifest content

Question 59

Sigmund Freud would agree that _______________ may be useful in treating a psychological disorder.

A) systematic desensitization
B) dream analysis
C) flooding
D) exposure treatment

Question 60

Laura has had many different jobs, but she always does something to get herself fired. After about fifteen therapy sessions, during which she explores her earliest memories, she has an insight. She comes to believe sabotaging her jobs is her way of expressing anger toward her father, who had always put his job before his family. What method of therapy is Laura most likely engaged in?

A) psychoanalysis
B) behavior therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) humanist therapy

Question 61

Not all psychodynamic theories focus on repressed sexual and aggressive conflicts. For example, ____________ is a type of psychodynamic therapy that focuses primarily on how early childhood experiences and emotional attachments influence later psychological functioning.

A) object relations therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) family therapy
D) client-centered therapy

Question 62

The ultimate goal of humanistic psychotherapy is for people to:

A) change their maladaptive behaviors and reactions to challenging situations.
B) change their maladaptive thoughts about themselves and their life circumstances.
C) gain insight and move forward in their seeking of their ultimate potential.
D) uncover the hidden motivations that impact their conscious thoughts and behaviors.

Question 63

According to Freud, the ___________ of the dream refers to the hidden, symbolic meaning of the dream, which, if correctly interpreted, reveals the unconscious conflicts that created the nervous disorder.

A) manifest content
B) free association
C) latent content
D) resistance

Question 64

Carl Rogers asserts that an effective psychotherapist will:

A) actively confront and challenge his or her client's erroneous beliefs.
B) interpret important transference and resistance behaviors for his or her client.
C) provide unconditional positive regard toward his or her client.
D) seek to identify how negative reinforcement is promoting maladaptive behaviors, feelings, and/or thoughts for an individual.

Question 65

After many sessions of psychodynamic therapy, Dan at some point experiences reluctance to cooperate with his therapist and tends to forget to do what his therapist had suggested to him. Dan is experiencing ____________.

A) resistance
B) desensitization
C) transference
D) free association

Question 66

Carl Rogers believed that _____________ was the cause of psychological health issues, and therefore ____________ was the key to helping clients get over them.

A) unconditional positive regard; conditions of worth
B) conditions of worth; unconditional positive regard
C) resistance; transference
D) transference; resistance

Question 67

Andre's mother acts as if she will be very disappointed in him if he does not become a doctor or a lawyer. Carl Rogers would refer to this as ______________.

A) resistance
B) a condition of worth
C) unconditional positive regard
D) transference

Question 68

Kelly has been in therapy with Dr. Williams for 2 months when she suddenly starts skipping appointments because she got angry at some of her therapist's questions. Even when in session, she tends to blankly stare at the therapist. This is best explained by ____________.

A) free association
B) resistance
C) transference
D) working through

Question 69

Maureen is in therapy because she is very frightened of her father and feels tongue-tied around him. After a few months she begins to feel frightened of her therapist also. According to Freud, this is an example of ____________.

A) latency
B) interpretation
C) transference
D) sublimation

Question 70

An object relations therapist would be least likely to emphasize the importance of unconscious ________ impulses and needs in a therapeutic setting.

A) dependence
B) sexual
C) social
D) status

Question 71

________ client-centered therapy centers on the patient's goals and ways of solving problems.

A) Rogers'
B) Freud's
C) Beck
D) Ellis

Question 72

According to your textbook, which of the following is true regarding the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies?

A) Psychodynamic therapies are ineffective in treating psychological disorders.
B) Psychodynamic therapies are extremely effective in treating almost all psychological disorders.
C) The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies has never been scientifically tested.
D) Psychodynamic therapies may be effective for less serious disorders, but does not work well for people with severe mental illness.

Question 73

Cognitive-Behavioral therapy has demonstrated success in all but which of the following conditions?

A) anxiety
B) bulimia
C) depression
D) schizophrenia

Question 74

What is the process by which a patient projects feelings about other individuals onto the psychoanalyst?

A) resistance
B) reactance
C) countertransference
D) transference

Question 75

Behavioral therapies address problematic behaviors and responses, and the environmental factors that trigger them, as ______________ as possible.

A) indirectly
B) subtly
C) directly
D) subliminally

Question 76

George begins to project his anxieties and unresolved feelings about his mother onto his therapist. This is what Sigmund Freud would have called ____________.

A) free association
B) resistance
C) transference
D) working through

Question 77

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's client-centered therapy?

A) cognition
B) resistance
C) dream interpretation
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 78

Which of the following does humanistic therapy emphasize?

A) the unconscious
B) personal growth
C) errant thought processes
D) dream interpretation

Question 79

Client-centered therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

A) insight
B) behavior
C) cognitive
D) reality

Question 80

In client-centered therapy, this nonjudgmental acceptance of all feelings the patient expresses is known as:

A) unconditional bipositive regard.
B) unconditional negative regard.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) unconditional neutral regard.