Deck 4: Research Design

Question 1

In an experimental design, if your groups are different prior to the intervention, then you may have ________________.

A) testing threat
B) attrition threat
C) regression to the mean
D) selection bias

Answer 1

D

Question 2

You are interested in childhood development in school and would like to interview students entering the first grade with follow-up interviews conducted at the beginning of each school year. What type of research design would this be considered?

A) Collect data one time now about now
B) Collect data now about the past
C) Collect data in the past about the past
D) Collect data now and in the future

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Tal, a restaurant owner, would like to get feedback about the dishes he serves. He decides to deliver a survey to all the customers that come into his restaurant over the course of one weekend. This is an example of what type of research design?

A) cross-sectional
B) secondary data
C) oral history
D) after-only

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In Emily's case, she is planning to survey all employees prior to delivering the diversity training as well as post-training. However, some employees will attend the diversity training while others will not. This is an example of what kind of design?

A) before-and-after
B) before-only
C) after-only
D) before-and-after two group

Question 5

The presence of a plausible alternative explanation may be a threat to __________________.

A) internal reliability
B) external validity
C) internal validity
D) external reliability

Question 6

In medical studies it is common that patients who believe they are receiving treatments improve even when the treatment has no therapeutic benefit. This is known as the _________________.

A) butterfly effect
B) Hawthorne effect
C) experimental effect
D) placebo effect

Question 7

You are giving a group of bicycle enthusiasts a test of their knowledge before and after you deliver a course on bike maintenance. You utilize the same test both times. What threat to validity might be an issue?

A) testing threat
B) maturation threat
C) history threat
D) mortality threat

Question 8

Oral history is one research tool a researcher may choose to gather information __________________.

A) one-time, about the present
B) one-time, about the past
C) many-times, about the present
D) one-time, about the future

Question 9

You are interested in the change in the heart rate of runners. So, you measure the pre-race heart rate of all the runners in a race as well as their post-race heart rate. This is known as what type of research design?

A) before-and-after
B) before-only
C) after-only
D) before-and-after two group

Question 10

____________________ refers to the change in one variable being related in a systematic way to another variable.

A) temporal precedence
B) covariation of the cause and effect
C) no plausible alternative explanation
D) internal validity

Question 11

In a(n) ________________________ design the participants are typically broken into an experimental group and a control group.

A) cross-sectional
B) experimental
C) oral history
D) secondary data

Question 12

In Emily's case, she decides to have one group receive the training and another group not receive the training. However, she does not assign the participants to groups randomly. This is referred to as ___________________.

A) experimental design
B) quasi-experimental design
C) before-only
D) after-only

Question 13

A statistical phenomenon that occurs when a nonrandom sample is measured twice and results in the sample mean moving closer to the population mean is referred to as ____________________.

A) regression threat
B) attrition threat
C) instrumentation threat
D) testing threat

Question 14

A ___________________ establishes the structure of when the data are collected as well as the number of collection points.

A) research question
B) research design
C) research objective
D) research topic

Question 15

You are collecting information regarding the changing ability of school age baseball players. You hypothesize that as the players get older this causes their baseball playing abilities to increase. A colleague suggests that the change may be due to the length of time playing baseball rather than age itself. What type of threat to validity is your colleague suggesting?

A) maturation threat
B) history threat
C) testing threat
D) mortality threat

Question 16

If you are interviewing emergency responders about disaster preparedness and during the course of the study, a major flood occurs elsewhere which is heavily documented by the media. What form of threat to internal validity might you be concerned about?

A) concurrent event threat
B) maturation threat
C) history threat
D) instrumentation threat

Question 17

You are researching the experiences of French-speaking immigrants in the United States, you send out your survey in English only. What threat to validity might this situation create?

A) maturation threat
B) testing threat
C) historical threat
D) instrumentation threat

Question 18

You are performing a study which examines the change in income over time. You plan to survey working adults with follow-up surveys from the same participants every five years. You find that over time you are losing many study participants as they retire. What type of threat to validity are you experiencing in this situation?

A) mortality threat
B) testing threat
C) maturation threat
D) history threat

Question 19

When you make observations of a single variable at many consecutive periods in time you are utilizing a(n) ______________.

A) before-and-after design
B) time delayed design
C) time series design
D) after-only design

Question 20

______________________ is a primary factor for determining a cause and effect relationship.

A) cross-sectional design
B) temporal precedence
C) after-only design
D) before-only design

Question 21

Trend analysis can be a useful technique when you have a series of observations collected in the past.

Question 22

In the case of Jim, he considers assigning incoming calls either the alternative or current service delivery model by flipping a coin. This would be an example of what type of group assignment?

A) quasi-experimental
B) experimental
C) random assignment
D) non-random assignment

Question 23

Identify & describe research design for Emily.

Question 24

In Jim's case, he is utilizing data collected in the past about response times. This is an example of a _____________________.

A) primary data analysis
B) secondary data analysis
C) tertiary data analysis
D) temporal precedence

Question 25

Identify and describe three threats to validity.

Question 26

In an interrupted time series design, observations are always interrupted by a long period of time before the series resumes.

Question 27

In order to make a cause-and-effect claim, you need to have either temporal precedence or covariation of the cause and effect.

Question 28

In a cause-and-effect relationship, the observation is hypothesized to cause the change.

Question 29

A selection-history threat could occur if threat two groups mature differently.

Question 30

In order to be in alignment, the research design chosen should coordinate with the purpose of the research.

Question 31

A syllogism is always a binary description of a relationship.

Question 32

A baseline measurement typically occurs after an intervention.

Question 33

Observations, treatments or interventions, groups, assignment to group, and time are all essential elements of ________________.

A) qualitative study
B) experimental design
C) research
D) secondary data collection

Question 34

Temporal precedence refers to the condition that the change does not occur before the hypothesized cause when establishing cause-and-effect.

Question 35

You are interested in people's change in demeanor as a result of viewing a scary movie. You interview them as they exit the movie theater and ask them how they felt before and after the movie. This is an example of what type of design?

A) before-and-after
B) before-only
C) after-only
D) before-and-after two group

Question 36

What are the features of the experimental design? What are some of the challenges to achieving these?

Question 37

The research design can be thought of as a plan for how you will be approaching the research.

Question 38

_________________ is one way ethical concerns can be addressed in a study by telling the participants about the study before it is undertaken.

A) primary data collection
B) secondary data collection
C) random assignment
D) informed consent
True/False