Deck 5: Sample Selection

Question 1

Usually, a larger sample size _______________ the level of confidence.

A) reduces
B) does not impact
C) decreases
D) increases

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A professor is interested in surveying the students of a college he divides up the students based on the major they have chosen. He then selects students randomly from each major while keeping the overall distribution of majors the same. What type of sampling has he just conducted?

A) simple random sampling
B) snowball sampling
C) disproportional stratified sampling
D) proportional stratified sampling

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The _____________________ most typical to research is 95%.

A) margin of error
B) confidence level
C) sampling error
D) variation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Proportionate stratified sampling and cluster sampling are both examples of __________________.

A) probability sampling
B) simple random sampling
C) non-probability sampling
D) convenience sampling

Question 5

A teacher would like to take a sample of their students by giving a survey to ten students from every class he teaches. He puts a piece of paper with the students' names in paper bags, with one paper bag representing one class. He then draws ten slips of paper from each bag to determine who will take the survey. What type of sampling has he just conducted?

A) convenience sampling
B) cluster sampling
C) purposive sampling
D) simple random sampling

Question 6

If your sampling frame fails to include people who are relevant to your research objective, these people are considered ________________.

A) foreign elements
B) duplicate entries
C) missing elements
D) clusters

Question 7

In Mary's case, she must decide how many people to interview in order to be able to understand her research questions regarding recruiting and retaining volunteers. The group of people she selects is known as the ______________.

A) population
B) sample
C) sampling
D) sampling frame

Question 8

You are reading the newspaper and they report that there is a 90% chance of sun with a ±5% _________________.

A) effect size
B) probability
C) confidence level
D) margin of error

Question 9

Extreme case sampling is one form of __________________.

A) simple random sampling
B) snowball sampling
C) systemic random sampling
D) purposive sampling

Question 10

The _________________ is used to identify those individuals or entities that will make up the population.

A) exclusion criteria
B) sampling technique
C) sample
D) inclusion criteria

Question 11

A doctor is interested in surveying the patients of his practice. She collects their names and provides each patient name with a unique number. Then, she chooses her sample using a random number generator. What type of sampling has she just conducted?

A) snowball sampling
B) cluster sampling
C) simple random sampling
D) proportional stratified sampling

Question 12

You are performing a series of focus groups to understand the experience of people faced with a tax audit. Eventually you find that in every additional focus group you conduct, there are no new information that emerges. In other words, you have reached the ___________________.

A) confidence level
B) confidence interval
C) saturation point
D) margin of error

Question 13

The methods and techniques used to identify the sample are known as the ___________________.

A) sample size
B) sampling technique
C) sampling frame
D) sample

Question 14

Failure to appropriately determine the sampling frame could affect the __________________ of the research.

A) relativity
B) generalizability
C) externality
D) internal validity

Question 15

When selecting a sample, the researcher aims to draw conclusions about the whole population of interest. This is referred to as ____________________.

A) internal validity
B) generalizability
C) sampling
D) sampling frame

Question 16

If you are interested in the shopping experiences of men at a furniture building supply shop and you choose your sample by interviewing men as they leave the shop on a Monday afternoon, what type of sampling are you conducting?

A) convenience sampling
B) snowball sampling
C) simple random sampling
D) systemic random sampling

Question 17

You are interested in the experiences of different ethnic groups within a particular neighborhood. You decide that even though the ethnic groups appear in different proportions within the neighborhood, you would like to randomly select participants in a way that will yield an equal percentage of each group represented in your final sample. What type of sampling are you proposing?

A) simple random sampling
B) proportional stratified sampling
C) disproportional stratified sampling
D) cluster sampling

Question 18

Jamie is interested in the communication styles of a particular organization. She identifies a sample which includes half of the employees of the organization. In this case, all of the employees of the organization represent the ________________.

A) population
B) sample
C) data
D) sampling

Question 19

_______________ is the process of identifying a subset of people or entities for a research project.

A) Validating
B) Researching
C) Sampling
D) Generalizing

Question 20

You are conducting a research project in which you are interviewing bicyclists commuting to work. A motorist stops and inquires about also participating in the study. The motorist is not able to participate in your study because he is not part of the ________________.

A) sampling frame
B) exclusion frame
C) missing frame
D) foreign frame

Question 21

Purposive sampling selects the sample by targeting particular categories of interest within the population.

Question 22

If your unit of analysis is the individual but you have a list both individuals and families, the families in the list will need to be disaggregated because they are a cluster.

Question 23

Hard to reach populations should never be included in your sampling frame because it is too difficult to reach the participants.

Question 24

For an individual-level, city-wide research project, you are considering using either the phone book or the U.S. Census list of addresses for your city. For each type of sampling frame, what biases might the sampling frame bring to the study? How might those biases be overcome?

Question 25

In order to obtain a large enough sample from a small group, sometimes it is necessary to oversample that group.

Question 26

A researcher is interested in the trunk circumference of trees at a particular logging site. The trees are planted in perfect rows. So, the researcher determines that she needs to measure every 12^th tree to obtain her sample. She uses a random number generator to determine that she should start at the fifth tree and sample every 12^th tree after that. This is an example of what type of sampling?

A) simple random sampling
B) stratified random sampling
C) systematic random sampling
D) purposive sampling

Question 27

What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of probability sampling? What are the advantages and disadvantages of non-probability sampling?

Question 28

If you were Mary, what sampling technique would you use? Why?

Question 29

The exclusion criteria are used to determine those elements that will not be considered as part of the population.

Question 30

Missing elements are individuals or entities that are included in the sample frame, but are not relevant to the research interest.

Question 31

The sample size should only be determined by the size of the population.

Question 32

Cluster sampling is a form of non-probability sampling because the participants are not chosen randomly.

Question 33

Non-probability sampling provides the researcher with a randomly selected sample.

Question 34

The degree to which research is generalizable refers to its _____________ validity

A) external
B) internal
C) sample
D) instrument
True/False

Question 35

Elena is conducting a series of interviews with homeless women. Since the population of interest may be difficult to reach, she would like to identify the first participant, interview them, and then ask for recommendations on whom to interview next. This is an example of _______________ sampling.

A) stratified
B) simple random
C) snowball
D) cluster

Question 36

When choosing which individuals will not be considered part of the population, you have established __________________.

A) exclusion criteria
B) a sampling technique
C) a sample
D) foreign elements

Question 37

Foreign elements may occur in your sample if the sample frame is too narrow and does not cover the entire population of interest.

Question 38

___________________ is a type sampling in which the participants of the study are not chosen at random.

A) cluster sampling
B) simple random sampling
C) stratified sampling
D) non-probability sampling