Deck 20: Development, Heredity, and Aging

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct order of structures that the sperm must penetrate to fertilize the secondary oocyte?

A) Corona radiata, oocyte plasma membrane and zona pellucida
B) Zona pellucida, corona radiata and oocyte plasma membrane
C) Corona radiata, zona pellucida and oocyte plasma membrane
D) Oocyte plasma membrane, zona radiata and corona pellucida

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The onset of puberty is considered to be the beginning of which life stage?

A) early childhood
B) late childhood
C) adolescence
D) young adult
E) middle age

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following would NOT provide evidence for a genetic basis for aging?

A) Children of short-lived parents live shorter lives than children of long-lived parents.
B) Cells only divide for a set number of divisions.
C) Cell lines become nonfunctional before their maximum number of divisions is reached.
D) Smoking and excessive alcohol intake are linked to shorter life spans.
E) Certain genes that code for antioxidant enzymes to detoxify free radicals are present in animals that live longer. Since smoking and alcohol consumption are not genetic factors they would not provide a genetic basis for aging. They can, however, act to increase the affects of aging.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is responsible for milk release or milk letdown after birth?

A) Progesterone
B) Prolactin
C) Oxytocin
D) None of these are correct

Question 5

What structure forms the lower jaw?

A) mesonephros
B) mandibular processes
C) neural tube
D) secondary palate
E) somites

Question 6

Newborns lose between 5 - 10% of their body weight during the first few days of life.

Question 7

Which of the following is derived from the endoderm?

A) Brain
B) Urinary bladder
C) Dermis of skin
D) Muscles

Question 8

It is estimated that the newborn's central nervous system contains the adult number of neurons, but subsequent brain growth and maturation add new neuroglia.

Question 9

Many genes occur in alternative forms called alleles.

Question 10

Match the time period with the correct postnatal term.
1. Birth to 1 month after
2. 1 month to 2 years of age
3. 2 years of age to puberty
4. Puberty to 20 years of age
5. 20 years of age to death

Question 11

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A) first stage of labor - baby exits vagina
B) second stage of labor - ends with cervix dilation to maximum
C) third stage of labor - placenta expelled from uterus

Question 12

One component of brain death is defined as

A) loss of reflexes.
B) lack of spontaneous movement.
C) a flat electroencephalogram (EEG).

Question 13

What is(are) the hormone(s) that the chorion secretes which maintain(s) the endometrium of the uterus?

A) LH
B) Human chorionic gonadotropin
C) Progesterone and estrogen
D) Oxytocin

Question 14

The prenatal period during which the major organ systems form is the

A) fetal period.
B) germinal period.
C) embryonic period.
D) neonatal period.

Question 15

Which of the following is the gene expression seen in sickle-cell disease?

A) Dominance
B) Incomplete dominance
C) Homozygous recessive
D) Codominance

Question 16

The foramen ovale is an opening that allows fetal blood to pass from the

A) right atrium to the left atrium.
B) left atrium to the right atrium.
C) right ventricle to the left ventricle.
D) left ventricle to the right ventricle.
E) fetal liver to the inferior vena cava.

Question 17

Which of the following is derived from the neural crest cells?

A) Spinal cord
B) Brain
C) Peripheral nervous system
D) All of these are correct

Question 18

Which of the following structures attaches to the uterine wall and begins the process of implantation?

A) Blastocyst
B) Morula
C) Gastrocyst
D) Zygote

Question 19

Neonate is the term used to refer to a baby

A) in the 24-48 hours preceding birth.
B) in the 24-48 hours after birth.
C) during the first month after birth.
D) during the six months after birth.
E) during the first year after birth.

Question 20

Death is defined as the loss of heartbeat and respiration.