Deck 13: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

The right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery branch from the

A) aorta.
B) left common carotid artery.
C) brachiocephalic artery.
D) basilar artery.
E) vertebral artery.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1) right atrium
2) left atrium
3) right ventricle
4) left ventricle
5) superior & inferior vena cava
6) aorta
7) pulmonary artery
8) pulmonary vein
9) mitrial/bicuspid valve
10) tricuspid valve
11) pulmonary semilunar valve
12) aorta semilunar valve
What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering the heart from the BODY and leaving for PULMONARY CIRCULATION?

A) 8, 1, 10, 3, 11, 7
B) 5, 1, 10, 3, 11, 7
C) 5, 2, 9, 4, 12, 6
D) 6, 12, 1, 2, 10, 4
E) 8, 2, 3, 7, 11, 6

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The arteries with walls that are mostly smooth muscle are

A) medium-sized (distributing) arteries.
B) elastic arteries.
C) arterioles.
D) capillaries.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Valves

A) are found in veins less than 2 mm in diameter.
B) consist of folds in the tunica adventitia.
C) are found more often in the leg veins than in the arm veins.
D) allow blood to flow only toward the heart.
E) are found both more often in the leg veins than in the arm veins and allow blood to flow only toward the heart.

Question 5

Concerning blood vessel walls,

A) the tunica adventitia is composed of connective tissue.
B) the tunica intima is smooth muscle.
C) the tunica media is an endothelial layer.
D) the walls of arteries are thinner and contain less elastic tissue than veins.
E) capillaries have the thickest walls of all the blood vessels.

Question 6

Which of these arteries are able to actively dilate and constrict?

A) elastic arteries
B) medium-sized (distributing) arteries
C) arterioles
D) small arteries
E) All of these except elastic arteries show active dilation and constriction.

Question 7

If the figure shown is an elastic artery, the layer letter B is pointing to is composed of

A) smooth muscle only.
B) smooth muscle and elastic tissue.
C) endothelium only.
D) endothelium and basement membrane.
E) elastic tissue only.

Question 8

Capillaries

A) have a lot of smooth muscle in their walls.
B) are a location of gas and nutrient exchange.
C) are more numerous in such tissues as bone and dense connective tissue.
D) experience very high internal pressures.
E) have all of these properties.

Question 9

If the figure shown is an elastic artery, what layer is the letter A representing?

A) tunica adventitia.
B) tunica intima.
C) tunica media.

Question 10

Blood flow through capillaries is regulated by

A) one-way valves in the veins.
B) precapillary sphincters.
C) skeletal muscle contraction.
D) elastic valves.
E) the tunica intima.

Question 11

The artery that transports blood to the left upper limb is the

A) aorta.
B) brachiocephalic artery.
C) left common carotid artery.
D) left subclavian artery.
E) left vertebral artery.

Question 12

Functions of the peripheral circulation include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) carries blood to the tissues
B) exchanges waste products, and nutrients
C) transports hormones and components of the immune system
D) pumps blood into the arteries
E) directs blood flow to areas of increased need

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely to be an elastic artery?

A) the ascending aorta
B) the coronary arteries
C) the right internal thoracic artery
D) the parietal arteries
E) None of the items are classified as an elastic artery.

Question 14

Which of these have no smooth muscle in their walls?

A) venules
B) small veins
C) medium-sized veins
D) large veins
E) All of these contain at least some smooth muscle in their walls.

Question 15

Which of these is NOT one of the large veins carrying blood to the heart?

A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) pulmonary trunk
D) pulmonary vein
E) coronary sinus

Question 16

Given these vessels: 1) arterioles
2) capillaries
3) elastic arteries
4) muscular arteries
Arrange the vessels in the correct sequence that blood would pass through when traveling from the heart to body tissues.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 2, 4
C) 2, 1, 3, 4
D) 3, 4, 1, 2
E) 4, 3, 1, 2

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to be classified as a muscular artery?

A) the ascending aorta
B) the pulmonary trunk
C) the aortic arch
D) the superior mesenteric
E) None of the items are classified as a muscular artery.

Question 18

The systemic vessels

A) transport blood through all parts of the body from the left ventricle to the right atrium.
B) supply oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the body.
C) carry away carbon dioxide and waste from all cells of the body.
D) are part of the peripheral circulation.
E) have all of these properties.

Question 19

Which of these statements concerning the normal pathway of blood flow is NOT correct?

A) from the pulmonary arteries to the lungs
B) from the pulmonary veins to the right atrium
C) from the aorta to all parts of body except lungs
D) from the coronary sinus to the right atrium
E) Neither from the pulmonary veins to the right atrium nor from the coronary sinus to the right atrium are correct.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K12.07 Identify the major arteries and veins.
Learning Outcome: 13.03A Describe the blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation.
Learning Outcome: 13.04A List the major arteries that supply each of the body areas, and describe their functions.
Learning Outcome: 13.05A List the major veins that carry blood from each of the body areas, and describe their functions.

Question 20

Arteries

A) carry only oxygenated blood.
B) carry blood away from the heart.
C) have valves.
D) serve as a blood reservoir.
E) All of these are true of arteries.

Question 21

The _____________ supply (supplies) blood to the face, nose, and mouth.

A) subclavian arteries
B) common carotid arteries
C) external carotid arteries
D) internal carotid arteries
E) cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)

Question 22

The portion of the aorta that gives rise to the coronary arteries is the

A) ascending aorta.
B) aortic arch.
C) thoracic aorta.
D) abdominal aorta.

Question 23

The lower colon receives its blood from the

A) inferior mesenteric arteries.
B) renal arteries.
C) suprarenal arteries.
D) superior mesenteric artery.
E) celiac trunk.

Question 24

The ______________ is (are) formed when the vertebral arteries unite at the base of the brain.

A) subclavian arteries
B) common carotid arteries
C) external carotid arteries
D) internal carotid arteries
E) cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)

Question 25

The arteries found in the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae are the

A) common carotid arteries.
B) vertebral arteries.
C) internal carotid arteries.
D) external carotid arteries.
E) subclavian arteries.

Question 26

The adrenal glands receive their blood from the

A) inferior mesenteric arteries.
B) renal arteries.
C) suprarenal arteries.
D) superior mesenteric artery.
E) celiac trunk.

Question 27

Which of these arteries branches to form the anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries?

A) external iliac artery
B) internal iliac artery
C) popliteal artery
D) femoral artery
E) common iliac artery

Question 28

The artery that supplies the urinary bladder, rectum, uterus, and vagina is the

A) internal iliac artery.
B) external iliac artery.
C) median sacral artery.
D) inferior phrenic artery.
E) lumbar artery.

Question 29

Your coach says that you really need more strength and endurance in your quads so you head to the gym to work that group of muscles. Which of the following blood vessels is most likely supplying that muscle group with oxygenated blood?

A) femoral artery
B) femoral vein
C) saphenous veins
D) dorsalis pedis artery
E) fibular or peroneal artery

Question 30

The vessels that supply blood to most of the brain tissue are branches off of the _____ at the base of the brain.

A) vertebral arteries
B) cerebral arterial circle
C) axillary arteries
D) external carotid arteries
E) subclavian arteries

Question 31

The ______________ is the part of the descending aorta that extends from the diaphragm to the common iliac arteries.

A) ascending aorta
B) aortic arch
C) thoracic aorta
D) abdominal aorta

Question 32

Parietal arteries that branch from the thoracic (descending) aorta

A) supply the thoracic organs.
B) include the posterior intercostal arteries.
C) include the anterior intercostal arteries.
D) include the superior phrenic arteries.
E) include both the posterior intercostal arteries and include the superior phrenic arteries.

Question 33

The ____________ is (are) responsible for transporting blood to the upper limbs.

A) subclavian arteries
B) common carotid arteries
C) external carotid arteries
D) internal carotid arteries
E) cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)

Question 34

Which of these arteries might a red blood cell encounter if it started in the left ventricle and went to the brain?

A) radial artery
B) brachiocephalic artery
C) external carotid artery
D) axillary artery
E) Both radial artery and brachiocephalic artery would be encountered.

Question 35

Which of these is NOT an unpaired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta?

A) celiac artery
B) superior phrenic artery
C) superior mesenteric artery
D) inferior mesenteric artery
E) All of these ARE unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K12.07 Identify the major arteries and veins.
Learning Outcome: 13.04A List the major arteries that supply each of the body areas, and describe their functions.

Question 36

The stomach, spleen, and liver receive their blood from the

A) inferior mesenteric arteries.
B) renal arteries.
C) suprarenal arteries.
D) superior mesenteric artery.
E) celiac trunk.

Question 37

The kidneys receive their blood from the

A) inferior mesenteric arteries.
B) renal arteries.
C) suprarenal arteries.
D) superior mesenteric artery.
E) celiac trunk.

Question 38

The small intestine, pancreas and upper colon receive their blood from the

A) inferior mesenteric arteries.
B) renal arteries.
C) suprarenal arteries.
D) superior mesenteric artery.
E) celiac trunk.

Question 39

The first vessel to branch from the aortic arch is the

A) right subclavian artery.
B) right common carotid artery.
C) left subclavian artery.
D) brachiocephalic artery.
E) left common carotid artery.

Question 40

Trace a red blood cell from the brachiocephalic artery to the thumb side of the hand. Although all of the arteries listed are included in the upper limb, not all will be used.
1) axillary artery
2) brachial artery
3) radial artery
4) subclavian artery
5) ulnar artery

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 2, 4, 3
C) 3, 1, 2, 5
D) 4, 1, 2, 3
E) 4, 1, 2, 5

Question 41

Blood from the descending colon and rectum is carried to the hepatic portal vein by the

A) superior mesenteric vein.
B) inferior mesenteric vein.
C) splenic vein.
D) gastric vein.
E) cystic vein.

Question 42

The part of the descending aorta that extends from the thorax to the diaphragm is the

A) ascending aorta.
B) aortic arch.
C) thoracic aorta.
D) abdominal aorta.

Question 43

The part of the aorta that gives rise to the left common carotid artery is the

A) ascending aorta.
B) aortic arch.
C) thoracic aorta.
D) abdominal aorta.

Question 44

The ________ veins drain the testes in males.

A) suprarenal
B) renal
C) testicular
D) ovarian
E) mesenteric

Question 45

The ________ veins drain the adrenal glands.

A) suprarenal
B) renal
C) testicular
D) ovarian
E) mesenteric

Question 46

Which of these is a superficial vein of the lower limbs?

A) anterior tibial vein
B) femoral vein
C) popliteal vein
D) great saphenous vein
E) internal iliac vein

Question 47

Which of the following occur as stroke volume increases?

A) Systolic pressure increases more than diastolic pressure.
B) Pulse pressure decreases.
C) Cardiac output decreases.
D) Resistance to blood flow increases.
E) The amount of blood sent to systemic circulation decreases.

Question 48

A portal system

A) begins and ends with capillary beds.
B) has no pumping mechanism between capillary beds.
C) is a specialized network of blood vessels.
D) is exemplified by the hepatic portal system and the pituitary-hypothalamic portal system.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 49

If a normal person has a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg, by comparison a person with arteriosclerosis might have a reading of

A) 150/60 mm Hg.
B) 120/60 mm Hg.
C) 100/80 mm Hg.
D) 120/100 mm Hg.
E) 80/120 mm Hg.

Question 50

The body has several ways to keep blood moving forward through the veins. Which of the following does NOT explain how this happens?

A) The pressure in the veins is lower than the pressure in the arteries (i.e. blood flows down its pressure gradient).
B) Valves in the veins prevent backflow.
C) The aid of respiratory pump (changes in pressure in thoracic cavity during inhalation and exhalation).
D) The pumping of the venous endothelial contraction nodules (which act like a series of miniature hearts).
E) The aid of contractions of skeletal muscles.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K14.01 Define blood flow, blood pressure, and peripheral resistance.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K14.02 State and interpret the equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K14.03 List the local, hormonal and neuronal factors that affect peripheral resistance and explain the importance of each.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K14.04 Interpret relevant graphs to explain the relationships between vessel diameter, cross-sectional area, blood pressure, and blood velocity.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K14.05 Using a graph of pressures within the systemic circuit, interpret the pressure changes that occur in the arteries, capillaries, and veins.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K14.06 Given values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, calculate pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP).
HAPS Learning Outcome: K14.07A With respect to mean arterial pressure (MAP): State the equation relating MAPto cardiac output (CO)and total peripheral resistance (TPR).
HAPS Learning Outcome: K14.07B With respect to mean arterial pressure (MAP): Predict and describe how MAP would be affected by changes in TPR or by changes in CO or any of its components - heart rate (HR),stroke volume (SV) or preload.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K14.08 Discuss how muscular compression and the respiratory pump aid venous return.
Learning Outcome: 13.06A Explain how blood pressure and resistance to flow change as blood flows through the blood vessels.

Question 51

The most rapid decline in blood pressure occurs in the ___________ because of their ____ resistance.

A) large arteries; high
B) medium-sized arteries; low
C) arterioles; high
D) elastic arteries; low
E) veins; high

Question 52

Which of these vessels would blood from the cranial vault NOT pass through as it returned to the heart?

A) external jugular veins
B) internal jugular veins
C) subclavian veins
D) brachiocephalic veins
E) neither external jugular veins nor subclavian veins.

Question 53

The ________ veins drain the ovaries in females.

A) suprarenal
B) renal
C) testicular
D) ovarian
E) mesenteric

Question 54

The _______________ is the longest portion of the aorta.

A) ascending aorta
B) aortic arch
C) thoracic aorta
D) abdominal aorta

Question 55

Regulation of peripheral resistance occurs most often in the

A) large arteries.
B) medium-sized arteries.
C) arterioles.
D) capillaries.
E) veins

Question 56

The _____ begins with capillaries in the viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver.

A) superior mesenteric vein
B) inferior mesenteric vein
C) hepatic portal system
D) hepatic vein
E) gastric vein

Question 57

Which of the following blood vessels have highest resistance to blood flow?

A) elastic arteries and muscular arteries
B) muscular arteries and large veins
C) arterioles and capillaries
D) large veins and venules
E) elastic arteries, muscular arteries and large veins

Question 58

In which of these blood vessels are blood pressure measurements most commonly taken?

A) brachial vein
B) basilic vein
C) cephalic vein
D) median cubital vein

Question 59

A blood pressure reading of 120/80,

A) indicates a diastolic pressure of 120 mm Hg.
B) demonstrates Korotkoff sounds at pressures above 120 mm Hg when taking blood pressure.
C) indicates the diastolic pressure would be sufficient to lift a column of mercury 80 mm.
D) would be considered normal for a resting young adult male.
E) Indicates the diastolic pressure would be sufficient to lift a column of mercury 80 mm and would be considered normal for a resting young adult male are both true statements.

Question 60

The ________ veins drain the kidneys.

A) suprarenal
B) renal
C) testicular
D) ovarian
E) mesenteric

Question 61

Vasomotor tone

A) is maintained by the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) occurs in response to the vasomotor center in the cerebellum.
C) occurs when action potentials travel through sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers.
D) keeps peripheral blood vessels in a partially constricted state.
E) both occurs when action potentials travel through sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers and keeps peripheral blood vessels in a partially constricted state.

Question 62

The chemoreceptor reflexes

A) cause an increase in blood flow to the lungs.
B) cause an decrease in blood flow to the lungs.
C) helps decrease blood oxygen levels.
D) cause a decrease in blood flow to the heart.
E) cause an decrease in blood flow to the lungs and cause a decrease in blood flow to the heart are correct.

Question 63

An increase in which of these would produce an increase in mean arterial pressure?

A) heart rate
B) stroke volume
C) peripheral resistance
D) Any of these would increase mean arterial blood pressure.
E) Only heart rate or stroke volume would increase mean arterial blood pressure.

Question 64

As you work your quads, you notice that the tissue in that part of the leg is pinker (flush with increased blood flow). What has caused this increase in blood flow to the quads?

A) an increase in the oxygen concentration in the tissue.
B) an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the tissue.
C) the constriction of precapillary sphincters in the capillary beds of the muscle.
D) the overall decrease in the temperature of the muscle tissue as the muscles contract.
E) a rise in the pH of the blood and interstitial fluid of the muscle.

Question 65

When the pH of the tissue decreases, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________.

A) contract; decrease
B) contract; increase
C) relax; decrease
D) relax; increase
E) close; remain the same

Question 66

Which of these regulatory mechanisms would occur in response to a sudden increase in blood pressure?

A) a decrease in vasomotor tone
B) vasodilation of blood vessels
C) decrease in peripheral resistance
D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
E) All of these responses would be expected.

Question 67

When the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases in the tissue, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________.

A) contract; decrease
B) contract; increase
C) relax; decrease
D) relax; increase
E) close; remain the same

Question 68

Which of these conditions would stimulate the chemoreceptor reflex?

A) increased oxygen content of the blood
B) increased carbon dioxide content of the blood
C) decreased pH of the blood
D) All of these would stimulate the chemoreceptor reflex.
E) Of these, only increased carbon dioxide content of the blood and decreased pH of the blood would stimulate the chemoreceptor reflex.

Question 69

The _____________ contain(s) baroreceptors.

A) subclavian arteries
B) common carotid arteries
C) external carotid arteries
D) internal carotid arteries
E) cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)

Question 70

Regarding fluid movement through the capillaries,

A) blood pressure moves fluid out of the capillaries.
B) osmotic pressure moves fluid into the capillaries.
C) blood usually has a greater osmotic pressure than interstitial fluid.
D) nine tenths of the fluid that leaves the capillary reenters the capillary.
E) All of these are true statements.

Question 71

Which of these would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys?

A) an increase in angiotensin production
B) an increase in aldosterone secretion
C) an increase in sodium ion reabsorption
D) an increase in water reabsorption
E) All of these would occur.

Question 72

Edema would develop if

A) the capillary blood pressure was always higher than the capillary osmotic pressure.
B) the lymphatic vessels were blocked.
C) the osmotic concentration of the blood was a lot less than the osmotic concentration of the interstitial fluid.
D) the capillary beds suddenly became more permeable to proteins such as albumen.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 73

Local control of blood flow

A) occurs because of contraction or relaxation of precapillary sphincters.
B) causes precapillary sphincters to contract when carbon dioxide levels decrease in tissue spaces.
C) causes an increase in blood flow when oxygen levels increase in tissue spaces.
D) Occurs because of contraction or relaxation of precapillary sphincters and causes an increase in blood flow when oxygen levels increase in tissue spaces are both true statements.
E) All of these are true statements.

Question 74

When the pH of the tissue increases, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________.

A) contract; decrease
B) contract; increase
C) relax; decrease
D) relax; increase
E) close; remain the same

Question 75

Epinephrine causes

A) increased heart rate and stroke volume.
B) vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the skin and viscera.
C) vasoconstriction of blood vessels to skeletal muscle and heart muscle.
D) all of these.
E) increased heart rate, stroke volume and vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the skin and viscera.

Question 76

When the by-products of metabolism build up in the tissue spaces, the precapillary sphincters _________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________.

A) contract; decrease
B) contract; increase
C) relax; decrease
D) relax; increase
E) close; remain the same

Question 77

Which of these chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease?

A) epinephrine
B) angiotensin
C) aldosterone
D) vasopressin
E) atrial natriuretic factor

Question 78

In most vessels, epinephrine and norepinephrine cause ______ but in skeletal and cardiac muscle, these hormones cause ____________.

A) vasoconstriction; vasodilatation
B) vasodilatation; vasoconstriction
C) increases to blood flow; decreases to blood flow
D) increases in oxygen concentration; decreases in oxygen concentration
E) both vasodilatation; vasoconstriction and increases to blood flow; decreases to blood flow

Question 79

Stimulation of the vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata causes _____________ and therefore _______________ to the cardiac output.

A) vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels, increases
B) vasodilation of the peripheral blood vessels, decreases
C) vasodilation of the peripheral blood vessels, increases
D) vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels, decreases
E) a decrease in vasomotor tone, decreases

Question 80

When cells become active in a certain area of the body, the blood flow to the capillaries in that area must _____ to provide more ____.

A) increase, O₂
B) decrease, O₂
C) increase, CO₂
D) decrease, sodium
E) decrease, ATP