Deck 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

Helper T cells interact with target cells by recognizing

A) antigens only.
B) MHC proteins only.
C) antigen-MHC protein complexes.
D) either antigens or MHC proteins.
E) neither antigens nor MHC proteins.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is the molecule that displays an antigen on the surface of cells?

A) Antigenic determinant
B) Antibody
C) Antigen receptor
D) Major histocompatibility complex molecule

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the nonspecific lymphocyte that kills tumor cells and virus infected cells?

A) Macrophages
B) Natural killer cells
C) Eosinophils
D) Basophils

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Bacterial cells

A) have one identifiable antigen that binds antibody
B) have two epitopes per cell
C) have many different epitopes, which each bind to specific antibodies
D) have many different epitopes, which all bind to the same antibody
E) are not antigenic

Question 5

Check all that occur during inflammation.
__X__ Chemical mediators cause vasodilation
_____ Blood flow is decreased to the area
_____ Vascular permeability is decreased
__X__ Fibrin walls off the infected area
__X__ Complement attracts phagocytes to the area

Question 6

Lymph

A) Is found only when there is a pathological condition that allows it to leak from capillaries
B) Is excess interstitial fluid
C) Is filtered by the spleen
D) Is synthesized by the lymphoid organs
E) All choices are correct

Question 7

What structural feature of lymphatic vessels is responsible to forward movement of lymph?

A) over-lapping endothelial cells
B) valves
C) no basement membrane
D) thin walls

Question 8

Tonsils

A) increase in size in adults.
B) are located in both the oral and abdominal cavities.
C) provide protection against bacteria entering the oral and nasal cavities.
D) contain red pulp and white pulp.
E) are not functional in children.

Question 9

Positive selection of lymphocytes refers to the

A) processing of an antigen by a macrophage.
B) proliferation of natural killer cells.
C) production of antigen-specific antibodies.
D) survival of pre-B and pre-T cells that are capable of an immune response.
E) replication of memory cells.

Question 10

The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by

A) adding lymph to GI tract secretions.
B) returning interstitial fluid to the plasma.
C) transporting lymph from tissues to the liver.
D) carrying excess fluid to the kidneys to be excreted.
E) actively absorbing fluid from the blood.

Question 11

Many different antibodies can be made against a single antigen.

A) True
B) False

Question 12

Antigens

A) have molecular weights of around 1000.
B) have one antigenic determinant (epitope).
C) are considered normal by the immune system.
D) can contain many different antigenic determinants (epitopes).
E) are usually made of lipids.

Question 13

An individual antibody is made against

A) a whole bacterial cell
B) one epitope on the cell
C) one antigen on the cell
D) all of the combined antigenic determinants on a cell
E) the cell's DNA

Question 14

Each antigen has one epitope.

A) True
B) False

Question 15

Germinal centers are the sites of

A) increased blood flow to the lymph nodes.
B) fluid production.
C) increased flow of lymph from infected tissues.
D) entrance of lymph into lymph nodes.
E) proliferation of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes.

Question 16

Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system? 1. Defense
2) Fluid equilibrium
3) Fat absorption

A) 1
B) HYPERLINK "" خطأ! مرجع الارتباط التشعبي غير صحيح.1,2
C) 1,3
D) 2,3
E) 1,2,3

Question 17

What is the cell that is responsible for a secondary antibody response to an antigen?

A) Memory B cell
B) Plasma cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) All of the above are responsible

Question 18

T cells are divided into two primary groups, effector and regulatory. Which of the following are regulatory T cells?

A) helper T cells
B) cytotoxic T cells
C) chemotaxic T cells
D) delayed hypersensitivity T cells
E) assistant T cells

Question 19

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A) IgA - found in saliva and tears
B) IgD - can cross the placenta
C) IgG - first to challenge the antigen
D) IgM - antigen-binding receptor on B cells
E) IgE - transfusion reactions

Question 20

Which is the proper order of events in cell-mediated immunity? (1) cloning of cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells
(2) antigen presented to T lymphocyte
(3) activation of T lymphocytes
(4) cytotoxic T cells attack target cells

A) 2, 3, 4, 1
B) 1, 4, 2, 3
C) 2, 3, 1, 4
D) 3, 2, 4, 1
E) 1, 2, 3, 4,

Question 21

As a result of aging, new lymphocytes continue to be produced in the thymus up until the age of 60 years, but they are less effective. Check all reasons they are less effective.
_____ The body's increased reaction to infections can lead to pneumonia.
__X__ Helper T-lymphocytes do not respond as well to antigens.
__X__ There is a decreased production of B-lymphocytes
_____ The increased production of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes causes the body to over-respond to viruses.

Question 22

Viruses and self-proteins are examples of proteins produced inside of the cell.

Question 23

The sequence for the processing of proteins originating outside of the cell is...

A) Proteins are broken into fragments, transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, fuse with a Golgi vesicle containing class II MHCs, and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane.
B) Proteins are broken into fragments within a vesicle, which fuses with a Golgi vesicle containing class I MHCs, and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane.
C) Proteins are broken into fragments within a vesicle, which fuses with a Golgi vesicle containing class II MHCs, and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane.
D) Proteins are broken into fragments, transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, combined with class II MHCs, move to the Golgi apparatus, then to the plasma membrane.
E) Proteins are broken into fragments, transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, combined with class I MHCs, move to the Golgi apparatus, then to the plasma membrane.

Question 24

Foreign antigens presented on class I MHC molecules

A) stimulate other immune system cells to respond to the antigen.
B) stimulate macrophages to respond to the antigen.
C) stimulate cell destruction by macrophages.
D) stimulate cell destruction by activated T-cells.
E) are not recognized by the T-cells and do not stimulate cell destruction.

Question 25

Opsonization is

A) a membrane attack complex lysing a bacterium by making a hole in its membrane
B) when complement causes inflammation to occur
C) when the nine complement factors cascade in order
D) coating of a bacterium with antibody to make it more susceptible to phagocytosis

Question 26

Which of the following infections is cell-mediated immunity NOT effective against?

A) Viruses
B) Allergic reactions
C) Some bacteria
D) All of these are correct

Question 27

People with type O blood can be universal donors because their red blood cells do not contain either A antigen or B antigen on their surface.

A) True
B) False

Question 28

The sequence for the processing of proteins produced within the cell is...

A) Proteins are broken into fragments, transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, fuse with a Golgi vesicle containing class II MHCs, and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane.
B) Proteins are broken into fragments within a vesicle, which fuses with a Golgi vesicle containing class I MHCs, and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane.
C) Proteins are broken into fragments within a vesicle, which fuses with a Golgi vesicle containing class II MHCs, and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane.
D) Proteins are broken into fragments, transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, combined with class II MHCs, move to the Golgi apparatus, then to the plasma membrane.
E) Proteins are broken into fragments, transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, combined with class I MHCs, move to the Golgi apparatus, then to the plasma membrane.

Question 29

All of the following processes can be activated by complement except

A) inflammation
B) antibody production
C) cytolysis
D) opsonization
E) none of these

Question 30

Fragments of foreign proteins are antibodies.

Question 31

With advancing age, the lymphatic system

A) Becomes less efficient at absorbing dietary lipids
B) Ceases to transport lymph
C) Produces an increasing number and variety of B-lymphocytes
D) Is less responsive to antigens
E) All choices are correct

Question 32

Active natural immunity occurs when

A) antibodies pass from a pregnant mother to her fetus.
B) antibodies are injected into a host.
C) an individual develops a disease.
D) a person is vaccinated.
E) antibodies are passed in breast milk.

Question 33

In the classical pathway of complement activation, complement attaches to an antigen-antibody complex.

A) True
B) False

Question 34

Select all that are examples of how immunotherapy can help treat diseases.
__X__ kill tumor cells directly
__X__ altering immune system function
__X__ inhibiting the immune system
__X__ promote inflammation and activate immune cells

Question 35

When type B blood is given to a person with type A blood

A) B antigen from the donor reacts with anti-B antibody in the recipient
B) B antigen from the recipient reacts with anti-B antibody in the donor
C) B antigen from the donor reacts with anti-A antibody in the recipient
D) A antigen from the donor reacts with anti-A antibody in the recipient
E) no reaction occurs

Question 36

Which of the following effects is seen in immunotherapy treatment of diseases?

A) Directly attacking harmful cells
B) Inhibiting the immune system against self-antigens
C) Monoclonal antibody therapy against specific antigens
D) All of these are correct

Question 37

Complement factors C5b+C6+C7+C8 make up a membrane attack complex that results in

A) enhanced phagocytosis
B) opsonization
C) cytolysis
D) all of these

Question 38

Complement factors are named in the order in which they function.

A) True
B) False

Question 39

People with type AB blood have

A) both type A and type B antigens on their red blood cells
B) both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their serum
C) A antigen on their red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in their serum
D) both type A and type B antigens on their red blood cells AND both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their serum
E) none of these

Question 40

A person with type AB blood may receive

A) type A blood
B) type B blood
C) type AB blood
D) type O blood
E) all of these

Question 41

Cytotoxic T cells recognize

A) receptors on B cells
B) fragments of self proteins of infected cells
C) viral antigens and class I MHC
D) viral antigens and class II MHC
E) all of these

Question 42

Cytotoxic T cells produce cytotoxins which cause apoptosis of infected cells.

A) True
B) False

Question 43

Delayed hypersensitivity is due to the effects of the humoral part of the immune system.

A) True
B) False

Question 44

A hapten is an antigen that is capable of causing antibody production on its own.

A) True
B) False

Question 45

On first exposure to antigen, T helper cells

A) become activated and increase in number
B) cause inflammation
C) cause skin lesions
D) attract more macrophages

Question 46

IgE molecules attach to

A) mast cells via their variable region
B) mast cells by their constant region
C) T helper cells by their variable region
D) plasma cells by their constant region

Question 47

When T helper cells are exposed for the second time to hapten-peptide on antigen presenting cells, they

A) lyse cells using perforin
B) release cytokines which attract more macrophages
C) make antibodies
D) kill macrophages

Question 48

For a hypersensitivity response to occur, two bound IgE molecules on a mast cell must react with a specific antigen.

A) True
B) False

Question 49

Cytotoxic T-cells produce _______ which creates holes in the cell membranes of target cells.

A) antibody
B) perforin
C) cytokinin
D) lysozyme
E) complement

Question 50

Cytotoxic T cells produce

A) class II MHCs
B) self proteins
C) antibodies, which make holes in cell membrane of infected cells
D) perforin, which makes holes in cell membrane of infected cells

Question 51

Cytotoxic T-cells interact with target cells by recognizing

A) foreign proteins only.
B) MHC proteins only.
C) foreign protein-MHC protein complexes.
D) either foreign proteins or MHC proteins.
E) neither foreign proteins nor MHC proteins.

Question 52

In IgE mediated hypersensitivity, all of the following are needed except

A) antigen presenting cell
B) B cell
C) IgE antibody
D) mast cell
E) neutrophil

Question 53

Infected cells

A) display peptide fragments of degraded viral proteins on their cell surface
B) have class II MHC antigens on their cell surface
C) are not affected by T cells
D) lyse T cells

Question 54

Cytotoxic T-cells attack

A) viruses.
B) bacteria.
C) cells that display foreign proteins on their surface.
D) cells that display normal proteins on their surface.
E) viruses and bacteria.

Question 55

Histamine released by mast cells leads to all of the following symptoms except

A) capillary dilation
B) airway constriction
C) high fever
D) mucus secretion
E) itching

Question 56

A person with type O blood may receive blood from a person with type B blood.

A) True
B) False

Question 57

When a virus infects a cell, some of the viral proteins are broken down into peptide fragments.

Question 58

Cytotoxic T-cells interact with Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins.

Question 59

Skin lesions due to hypersensitivity appear

A) 24 hours after first exposure to antigen
B) 48-72 hours after first exposure to antigen
C) 24 hours after second exposure to antigen
D) 3 weeks after second exposure to antigen

Question 60

Self proteins of infected cells are not recognized by cytotoxic T cells.

A) True
B) False

Question 61

Macrophages secrete ________ which then activates ________ .

A) antibodies ; helper T cells
B) interleukin-1 ; cytotoxic T cells
C) interleukin-1 ; helper T cells
D) interleukin-2 ; cytotoxic T cells
E) interleukin-2 ; helper T cells

Question 62

A plasma cell is a mature T-helper cell that produces antibodies.

Question 63

A T helper cell must become activated before it can stimulate a B cell to produce antibody.

A) True
B) False

Question 64

The inflammation response triggers all of the following EXCEPT

A) dilation of capillaries.
B) constriction of airways.
C) inhibition of mucus.
D) pain.
E) itching.

Question 65

A T helper cell becomes activated by a

A) plasma cell
B) antigen presenting cell
C) B cell
D) memory cell

Question 66

Foreign substances that elicit an immune response are termed

A) aliens.
B) antigens.
C) antibodies.
D) viruses.
E) bacteria.

Question 67

The human body makes

A) only one type of cytotoxic T cell.
B) tens of different types of cytotoxic T cells.
C) hundreds of different types of cytotoxic T cells.
D) thousands of different types of cytotoxic T cells.
E) millions of different types of cytotoxic T cells.

Question 68

Most intermediate size antigen antibody complexes are removed by phagocytosis.

A) True
B) False

Question 69

Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they occur during an allergic response. 1 = Individual experiences symptoms
2 = Individual is sensitized to antigen
3 = IgE attaches to mast cells
4 = Antigen binds to IgE

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 4, 2
C) 2, 3, 1, 4
D) 2, 3, 4, 1
E) 2, 4, 3, 1

Question 70

Which of the following are needed for antibody production to occur with T cell dependent antigens?

A) antigen presenting cell
B) T helper cell
C) B cell
D) b and c
E) a, b, and c

Question 71

Protein is usually a T-cell dependent antigen.

A) True
B) False

Question 72

A hypersensitivity reaction occurs

A) during the first exposure to an antigen.
B) during a second or subsequent exposure to an antigen.
C) in individuals with diseases of the immune system.
D) only in children.
E) only in individuals with asthma.

Question 73

An antigen presenting cell presents antigen to a T helper cell

A) inside a vesicle
B) on its surface on a class I MHC
C) on its surface on a class II MHC
D) on its surface attached to an antibody

Question 74

Histamine is released from mast cells.

Question 75

After complement activation, basophils may degranulate causing vasodilation.

A) True
B) False

Question 76

In the presence of activated complement, neutrophils

A) are repelled
B) produce histamine
C) cause vasodilation
D) degranulate and release enzymes that cause tissue damage

Question 77

Helper T cells can stimulate the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells but not that of B cells.

Question 78

Intermediate size complexes

A) become basophils
B) activate complement
C) are removed by phagocytosis
D) degranulate

Question 79

Activated T helper cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells capable of producing IgE.

A) True
B) False

Question 80

Immune complexes consist of

A) antibody plus complement
B) basophil plus complement
C) antigen plus antibody
D) antigen plus complement