Deck 21: Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

The family history for a patient with joint pain should include information about siblings with

A)trauma to the skeletal system.
B)chronic atopic dermatitis.
C)genetic disorders.
D)obesity.
E)poor physical conditioning.

Answer 1

genetic disorders.

Question 2

The elbow joint that allows for flexion and extension in one plane represents a type of _____ joint.

A)articulated
B)ball and socket
C)hinge
D)pivot condyloid
E)saddle

Answer 2

hinge

Question 3

Spinal vertebrae are separated from each other by

A)bursae.
B)tendons.
C)disks
D)ligaments.
E)synovial fluid.

Answer 3

disks

Question 4

Bones around a joint are held together by

A)synovial membranes.
B)ligaments.
C)muscles.
D)cartilage.
E)tendons.

Question 5

Long bones in children have growth plates known as

A)epiphyses.
B)epicondyles.
C)synovium.
D)fossae.
E)diastasis.

Question 6

The cruciate ligaments within the knee provide for

A)anterior and posterior stability.
B)medial and lateral stability.
C)movement on one plane.
D)pivoting and rotation.
E)shock absorption.

Question 7

Skeletal changes in older adults are the result of

A)increased bone deposition.
B)increased bone resorption.
C)tendons becoming more elastic.
D)decreased bone deposition.
E)decreased bone resorption.

Question 8

The joint where the humerus, radius, and ulna articulate is the

A)wrist.
B)elbow.
C)shoulder.
D)sternum.
E)clavicle.

Question 9

The articulation of the radius and carpal bones is the

A)wrist.
B)elbow.
C)shoulder.
D)clavicle.
E)digits.

Question 10

The tibia, fibula, and talus articulate to form the

A)ankle.
B)knee.
C)hip.
D)pelvis.
E)forefoot.

Question 11

Fluid that lubricates articular cavities is called

A)blood.
B)synovial fluid.
C)mucus.
D)cerumen.
E)marrow.

Question 12

Injuries to long bones and joints are more likely to result in fractures than in sprains until

A)preschool age.
B)school age.
C)adolescence.
D)early adulthood.
E)middle adulthood.

Question 13

The glenohumeral joint is the other name for the

A)elbow.
B)hip.
C)wrist.
D)scapula.
E)shoulder.

Question 14

Ligaments are stronger than bone until

A)birth.
B)infancy.
C)adolescence.
D)middle adulthood.
E)old age.

Question 15

Light skin and thin body habitus are risk factors for

A)rheumatoid arthritis.
B)osteoarthritis.
C)congenital bony defects.
D)osteoporosis.
E)sports-related injuries.

Question 16

Risk factors for sports-related injuries include

A)competing in colder climates.
B)previous fractures.
C)history of recent weight loss.
D)failure to warm up before activity.
E)light body frame.

Question 17

Medial and lateral surfaces of the tibiotalar joint are protected by

A)bursae.
B)tendons.
C)muscles.
D)ligaments.
E)synovial fluid.

Question 18

The elasticity of pelvic ligaments and softening of cartilage in a pregnant woman are caused by

A)decreased mineral deposition.
B)increased hormone secretion.
C)uterine enlargement.
D)gait changes.
E)increased mineral resorption.

Question 19

The suprapatellar bursa separates the patella, quadriceps tendon, and muscle from the

A)talus.
B)fibula.
C)femur.
D)pelvis.
E)tibia.

Question 20

Bones are attached to muscles by

A)synovial membranes.
B)ligaments.
C)muscles.
D)cartilage.
E)tendons.

Question 21

A common finding in markedly obese and pregnant women is

A)kyphosis.
B)lordosis.
C)paraphimosis.
D)scoliosis.
E)phimosis.

Question 22

An increase in muscle tone is known as

A)crepitus.
B)effusion.
C)tenosynovitis.
D)atrophy.
E)spasticity.

Question 23

When the patient flexes forward at the waist, what spinal observation would lead you to suspect scoliosis?

A)A prominent lumbar hump
B)A prominent cervical concave curve
C)Lateral curvature of the spine
D)Restricted ability to flex at the hips
E)A gibbus

Question 24

The physical assessment technique most frequently used to assess joint symmetry is

A)inspection.
B)palpation.
C)percussion.
D)the use of joint calipers.
E)auscultation.

Question 25

Excessive hyperextension of the knee with weight bearing may indicate

A)advanced joint degeneration.
B)early signs of gout.
C)rotation of the Achilles tendon.
D)a meniscal tear.
E)weakness of the quadriceps muscle.

Question 26

The temporomandibular joint is palpated

A)under the mandible anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
B)from inside the mouth.
C)anterior to the tragus.
D)at the mastoid process.
E)above the mandible at midline.

Question 27

A finding that is indicative of osteoarthritis is

A)swan neck deformities.
B)Bouchard nodes.
C)ganglion cysts
D)Heberden nodes.
E)spindle-shaped fingers.

Question 28

Pain, disease of the muscle, and damage to the motor neuron may all cause

A)bony hypertrophy.
B)muscle crepitus.
C)muscle hypertrophy.
D)muscle wasting.
E)claudication.

Question 29

Classic carpal tunnel syndrome would result in

A)pain in the fourth and fifth digits.
B)a negative Phalen test.
C)reduced abduction of the thumb.
D)palm tingling.
E)a negative Tinel sign.

Question 30

Expected normal findings during inspection of spinal alignment include

A)asymmetrical skinfolds at the neck.
B)slight right-sided scapular elevation.
C)convex lumbar curve.
D)head positioned superiorly to the gluteal cleft.
E)convex cervical curve.

Question 31

When the shoulder contour is asymmetrical and one shoulder has hollows in the rounding contour, you would suspect

A)a dislocated elbow.
B)a fractured scapula.
C)a dislocated shoulder.
D)muscle wasting.
E)kyphosis.

Question 32

A tingling sensation radiating from the wrist to the hand on striking the median nerve is a positive _____ sign.

A)Phalen
B)Gower
C)Homan
D)Tinel
E)Allis

Question 33

When palpating joints, crepitus may be caused when

A)irregular bony surfaces rub together.
B)supporting muscles are excessively spastic.
C)joints are excessively lax.
D)there is excess fluid within the synovial membrane.
E)there is muscle wasting.

Question 34

Fasciculation occurs after injury to a muscle's

A)venous return.
B)motor neuron.
C)strength.
D)tendon.
E)fascia.

Question 35

Ulnar deviation and boutonniere deformities are characteristic of

A)winged scapula.
B)osteoarthritis.
C)osteoporosis.
D)congenital defects.
E)rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 36

A goniometer is used to assess

A)bone maturity.
B)joint proportions.
C)range of motion.
D)muscle strength.
E)body fat.

Question 37

The strength of the trapezius muscle is evaluated by having the patient

A)clench his or her teeth during muscle palpation.
B)push his or her head against the examiner's hand.
C)straighten his or her leg with examiner opposition.
D)uncross his or her legs with examiner resistance.
E)adduct the arm.

Question 38

The musculoskeletal examination should begin when

A)the patient enters the examination room.
B)during the collection of subjective data.
C)when height is measured.
D)when joint mobility is assessed.
E)the remainder of the physical examination is completed.

Question 39

Temporalis and masseter muscles are evaluated by

A)having the patient frown.
B)having the patient clench his or her teeth.
C)asking patient to fully extend his or her neck.
D)passively opening the patient's jaw.
E)having the patient shrug his or her shoulders.

Question 40

Inquiry about nocturnal muscle spasms would be most significant when taking the musculoskeletal history of

A)adolescents.
B)infants.
C)older adults.
D)middle adulthood.
E)children.

Question 41

What technique is performed at every infant examination during the first year of life to detect hip dislocation?

A)Ballottement maneuvers
B)Barlow-Ortolani maneuvers
C)Range of motion
D)Thomas McMurray assessment
E)Trendelenburg test

Question 42

A dowager hump is

A)the hallmark of osteoporosis.
B)pathognomic of scoliosis.
C)indicative of tendonitis.
D)characteristic of rickets.
E)indicative of muscular dystrophy.

Question 43

In differentiating osteoarthritis from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the patient with osteoarthritis typically exhibits

A)metatarsus adductus.
B)depression.
C)sudden onset.
D)less weakness and fatigue.
E)pain most pronounced after periods of rest.

Question 44

Anterior cruciate ligament integrity is assessed via the _____ test.

A)Lachman
B)straight leg raise
C)valgus stress
D)Homan
E)Thomas

Question 45

A 45-year-old laborer presents with low back pain, stating that the pain comes from the right buttock and shoots down and across the right anterior thigh, down the shin to the ankle. Which examination finding is considered more indicative of nerve root compression?

A)Positive straight leg raise result
B)Positive Trendelenburg sign
C)Negative Romberg test result
D)Contralateral straight leg raise result
E)Positive drawer test result

Question 46

The Thomas test is used to detect

A)hip dislocation.
B)unstable sacroiliac joints.
C)knee instability.
D)flexion contractures of the hip.
E)asymmetry in the level of the iliac crests.

Question 47

A red, hot swollen joint in a 40-year-old man should lead you to suspect

A)trauma.
B)bursitis.
C)gout.
D)cellulitis.
E)tenosynovitis.

Question 48

A 7-year-old child who begins to limp and complains of persistent hip pain may have

A)myelomeningocele.
B)Dupuytren contracture.
C)Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.
D)osteoarthritis.
E)congenital hip dislocation.

Question 49

Term infants normally resist

A)ankle dorsiflexion.
B)McMurray test.
C)forefoot adduction.
D)knee extension.
E)elbow flexion.

Question 50

Dupuytren contracture affects the

A)hip flexor muscle.
B)plantar fascia.
C)carpal tunnel.
D)palmar fascia.
E)rotator cuff.

Question 51

A 3-year-old boy is brought to the clinic complaining of a painful right elbow. He is holding the right arm slightly flexed and pronated and refuses to move it. The mother states that symptoms started right after his older brother had been swinging him around by his arms. This presentation supports a diagnosis of

A)radial head subluxation.
B)femoral anteversion.
C)carpal tunnel syndrome.
D)Osgood-Schlatter disease.
E)osteomyelitis.

Question 52

You note that a child has a positive Gower sign. You know that this indicates generalized

A)arthropathy.
B)muscle weakness.
C)bursitis.
D)muscle hypertrophy.
E)scoliosis.

Question 53

A positive straight leg raise test usually indicates

A)leg length discrepancy.
B)knee instability.
C)lumbar nerve root irritation.
D)hip bursitis.
E)improperly conditioned muscles.

Question 54

What temporary disorder may be experienced by pregnant women during the third trimester because of fluid retention?

A)Carpal tunnel syndrome
B)Osteitis deformans
C)Radial head subluxation
D)Talipes equinovarus
E)Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Question 55

Which one of the following techniques is used to detect a torn meniscus?

A)Phalen test
B)McMurray test
C)Thomas test
D)Trendelenburg test
E)Drawer test

Question 56

Arm length is measured from the acromion process through the

A)olecranon joint to carpal thumb hinge.
B)olecranon process to distal ulnar prominence.
C)proximal radial prominence to distal joint.
D)proximal ulnar joint to middle fingertip.
E)olecranon process to the second fingertip.

Question 57

Your examination of an infant reveals a positive Allis sign. To confirm this finding, you would perform a

A)startle reflex.
B)Barlow-Ortolani maneuver.
C)Trendelenburg test.
D)tibial torsion test.
E)Lachman test.

Question 58

During a football game, a player was struck on the lateral side of the left leg while his feet were firmly planted. He is complaining of left knee pain. To examine the left knee, you should initially perform the _____ test.

A)varus stress
B)valgus stress
C)Apley
D)Lachman
E)drawer

Question 59

When performing the drawer test, the examiner would place the patient in a supine position and flex the knee 45 to 90 degrees, placing the foot flat on the table, and then

A)grasp and evert the foot and extend the knee.
B)grasp and invert the foot and rotate the knee.
C)grasp the lower leg with both hands and draw the tibia forward and then backward.
D)apply varus stress with the foot planted.
E)apply valgus stress after the leg is extended.

Question 60

An adult with bowed tibias and a shortened thorax may have

A) ankylosing spondylitis.
B) Paget disease.
C) rheumatoid arthritis.
D) Dupuytren contracture.
E) Sprengel deformity.