Deck 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Question 1

Which function is NOT one that pertains to the cell body?

A)protein synthesis
B)neurotransmission
C)energy production
D)metabolism

Answer 1

neurotransmission

Question 2

Axons and dendrites are involved in:

A)cell reproduction.
B)energy production.
C)communication.
D)metabolism

Answer 2

communication.

Question 3

Debbie works as a floor representative at a cell phone company.Her job is to receive information from potential customers about their needs and interests and enter it into a computer system that passes on the information to the appropriate specialized technician in order to meet customer needs.Debbie is the metaphorical _____ of the firm.

A)axon
B)cell body
C)dendrite
D)nucleus

Answer 3

dendrite

Question 4

Kobe works at a communications firm.His job is to receive information from the executive office and then pass this information down the line to all other offices in the firm.Kobe is the metaphorical _____ of the firm.

A)axon
B)nucleus
C)terminal button
D)glial cell

Question 5

In the late 1880s,_____ developed a new way to stain neurons,revealing their structure.

A)Kandel
B)Lashley
C)Cajal
D)Broca

Question 6

The executive office of a company engages in a variety of processes to ensure its survival in a competitive market.The executive office is the metaphorical _____ of the company.

A)axon
B)cell body
C)dendrite
D)terminal branch

Question 7

What are the two specialized extensions of the neuron that allow it to communicate?

A)axons and synapses
B)dendrites and axons
C)dendrites and cell bodies
D)axons and myelin

Question 8

Which function is NOT one that pertains to glial cells?

A)digesting parts of dead neurons
B)providing nutritional support to neurons
C)forming myelin
D)transporting neurotransmitters across the synapse

Question 9

Approximately how many cells are in the human brain?

A)10 million
B)50 million
C)1 billion
D)100 billion

Question 10

Which component of the neuron houses the chromosomes,the genetic blueprint of an individual?

A)dendrite
B)axon
C)ribosome
D)nucleus

Question 11

Each neuron has only one:

A)axon.
B)dendrite.
C)terminal button.
D)synapse.

Question 12

_____ are cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing tasks.

A)Glia
B)Oligodendrocytes
C)Mitochondria
D)Neurons

Question 13

Debbie works as a floor representative at a cell phone company.Her job is to receive information from potential customers about their needs and interests and enter it into a computer system that passes on the information to the appropriate specialized technician in order to meet customer needs.The computer system is the metaphorical _____ of the firm.

A)axon
B)cell body
C)dendrite
D)nucleus

Question 14

Its name derived from the Greek word for "tree," the _____ of a neuron is so called because of its appearance,with several branching processes.

A)synapse
B)axon
C)myelin
D)dendrite

Question 15

Samantha works at a communications firm.Her job is to receive outside information that is pertinent to the firm and pass it along to executives at the firm.Samantha is the metaphorical _____ of the firm.

A)axon
B)cell body
C)dendrite
D)nucleus

Question 16

The myelin sheath is an insulating layer of fatty material composed of:

A)dendrites.
B)pyramidal cells.
C)axons.
D)glial cells.

Question 17

There are more _____ than there are neurons in the brain.

A)glial cells
B)myelin sheaths
C)types of neurotransmitters
D)Purkinje cells

Question 18

_____ cells are support cells found in the nervous system.

A)Teratogenic
B)Mitochondrial
C)Glial
D)Neural

Question 19

The largest component of the neuron,which coordinates the information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive,is the:

A)cell body.
B)nucleus.
C)axon.
D)synapse.

Question 20

The _____ receive information;the _____ transmit information.

A)axons;cell bodies
B)axons;dendrites
C)dendrites;axons
D)dendrites;glia

Question 21

The gap between one neuron's axon and a dendrite or cell body of another neuron is part of the:

A)soma.
B)synapse.
C)myelin.
D)glia.

Question 22

Anne has difficulty moving her arm when it is stimulated.Specifically,the brain receives the stimulation,and it and the spinal cord are functioning normally.Which type of neuron is probably affected?

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)interneurons
D)Purkinje cells

Question 23

When a patient has multiple sclerosis,the patient cannot easily transmit information from neuron to neuron,which leads to difficulties with movement.The transmission of neurons is slowed down as a result of a deteriorating:

A)axon.
B)synapse.
C)myelin sheath.
D)cell body.

Question 24

_____ work together in small circuits to perform simple tasks.

A)Sensory neurons
B)Motor neurons
C)Interneurons
D)Vagal neurons

Question 25

The myelin wrapped around an axon serves:

A)as a special immune defence for the neuron.
B)to increase the efficiency of transmission of the neuron.
C)as a resistor that slows the speed of transmission of the neuron.
D)no functional purpose.

Question 26

The synapse is the junction between:

A)the axon and the myelin sheath
B)the cell body and the axon.
C)the cell body of one neuron and the dendrites of another.
D)the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another.

Question 27

Motor neurons carry signals from the:

A)sense organs to the spinal cord.
B)sense organs to the muscles.
C)spinal cord to the brain.
D)spinal cord to the muscles.

Question 28

A copper wire is to rubber insulation as a(n)_____ is to a _____.

A)axon;myelin sheath
B)cell body;myelin sheath
C)nucleus;glial cell
D)myelin sheath;glial cell

Question 29

Loss of feeling in the limbs,partial blindness,and difficulty in coordinated movement may indicate a(n)_____ disease such as _____.

A)atherosclerotic;epilepsy
B)demyelinating;Alzheimer's
C)atherosclerotic;Parkinson's
D)demyelinating;multiple sclerosis

Question 30

Which type of neuron receives information from the external world and conveys this information to the brain?

A)a sensory neuron
B)a motor neuron
C)an interneuron
D)a Purkinje neuron

Question 31

The myelin sheath is analogous to which piece of electronic equipment?

A)a surge protector
B)wire insulation
C)an alternating-current adapter
D)a battery

Question 32

Olfactory receptor neurons in the nose that detect chemical odorants are examples of:

A)motor neurons.
B)sensory neurons.
C)interneurons.
D)Purkinje neurons.

Question 33

The insulating layer of fatty material that covers the axon of many neurons is called the:

A)axon sheath.
B)myelin sheath.
C)glial cover.
D)glial insulator.

Question 34

The majority of the neurons in the nervous system are:

A)sensory neurons.
B)motor neurons.
C)interneurons.
D)bipolar neurons.

Question 35

The neurons that receive information from the external world and convey information through the spinal cord are called:

A)sensory neurons.
B)motor neurons.
C)interneurons.
D)bipolar neurons.

Question 36

Annette has difficulty moving her arm when it is stimulated.Specifically,the spinal cord never receives the message from pressure detectors in the skin.Which type of neuron is probably affected?

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)interneurons
D)Purkinje cells

Question 37

Which structures occur MOST often in the human brain?

A)synapses
B)neurons
C)axons
D)glia cells

Question 38

Which sequence shows components of neurotransmission in order of most to least abundant in the human brain?

A)synapses,neurons,glial cells
B)synapses,glial cells,neurons
C)glial cells,synapses,neurons
D)glia cells,neurons,synapses

Question 39

_____ endings in our eyes are sensitive to light.

A)Interneurons'
B)Motor neurons'
C)Sensory neurons'
D)Purkinje neurons'

Question 40

_____ carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles.

A)Interneurons
B)Motor neurons
C)Sensory neurons
D)Purkinje neurons

Question 41

Suppose you are doing research on neuronal communication,and you are measuring the change in voltage as the neurons send signals.As you get started,you think your voltmeter is broken because it is not showing a charge of 0 millivolts when the neurons are inactive.What value should the voltmeter display when the cells are not firing?

A)-70 millivolts
B)-1 millivolts
C)0 millivolts
D)70 millivolts

Question 42

With respect to the electrical charge present in a neuron,when a neuron is at rest,the inside:

A)and outside of the cell have no charge at all.
B)and outside of the cell are in perfect balance.
C)of the cell has a negative charge relative to the outside.
D)of the cell has a positive charge relative to the outside.

Question 43

A type of neuron that carries information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain and spinal cord is a:

A)nucleus.
B)motor neuron.
C)Purkinje cell.
D)bipolar cell.

Question 44

An informant brings a tip to the police department about suspicious activity at the docks.After detectives meet and process this information,they decide that the best course of action is to send undercover officers to the scene.If the police department were a neural network,the informant would be functioning as a(n):

A)sensory neuron.
B)motor neuron.
C)cell body.
D)interneuron.

Question 45

Ions carry a _____ charge.

A)neutral
B)positive only
C)negative only
D)positive or negative

Question 46

Bipolar cells have _____ axon(s)and _____ dendrite(s).

A)one;one
B)one;two
C)two;one
D)two;two

Question 47

Purkinje cells transmit information between the _____ and the rest of the brain.

A)cerebellum
B)thalamus
C)hypothalamus
D)prefrontal cortex

Question 48

Which statement regarding bipolar cells is TRUE?

A)They are a type of sensory neuron.
B)They have two axons.
C)They are involved in hearing.
D)They are located in the cerebellum.

Question 49

The dendritic branching of Purkinje cells resembles the shape of a:

A)thorned stem.
B)bush.
C)coiled snake.
D)starburst.

Question 50

The _____ of pyramidal cells are triangular shaped.

A)dendrites
B)axons
C)cell bodies
D)interneurons

Question 51

Small electrically charged particles are called:

A)ions.
B)neutrons.
C)axons.
D)neurotransmitters.

Question 52

The difference in electrical charge between the inside and the outside of a neuron's cell membrane is the:

A)difference potential.
B)refractory period.
C)resting potential.
D)action potential.

Question 53

Pyramidal cells are found in which brain region?

A)the brain stem
B)the cerebellum
C)the thalamus
D)the cerebral cortex

Question 54

An informant brings a tip to the police department about suspicious activity at the docks.After detectives meet and process this information,they decide that the best course of action is to send undercover officers to the scene.If the police department were a neural network,the undercover officers would be functioning as:

A)sensory neurons.
B)motor neurons.
C)dendrites.
D)interneurons.

Question 55

The electrochemical action of neurons proceeds in two stages: _____ followed by _____.

A)polarization;hyperpolarization
B)conduction;transmission
C)transmission;conduction
D)conduction;repolarization

Question 56

An informant brings a tip to the police department about suspicious activity at the docks.After detectives meet and process this information,they decide that the best course of action is to send undercover officers to the scene.If the police department were a neural network,the detectives would be functioning as:

A)sensory neurons.
B)motor neurons.
C)dendrites.
D)interneurons.

Question 57

At rest,there is a higher concentration of _____ inside the cell membrane of the neuron and a higher concentration of _____ outside.

A)Na⁺;K⁺
B)K⁺;Na⁺
C)Na⁺;Ca⁺⁺
D)Na⁺;Cl^-

Question 58

Which statement regarding bipolar cells is TRUE?

A)They are a type of interneuron.
B)They have two axons.
C)They are involved in vision.
D)They are located in the cerebellum.

Question 59

The movement of an electrical signal within a neuron is termed:

A)polarization.
B)transmission.
C)conduction.
D)potentiation.

Question 60

The movement of an electrical signal from one neuron to the next across the synapse is termed:

A)polarization.
B)transmission.
C)conduction.
D)potentiation.

Question 61

When an action potential occurs,_____ gates open,resulting in the inside of the cell becoming more _____ relative to the outside.

A)potassium;negative
B)potassium;positive
C)sodium;positive
D)sodium;negative

Question 62

The electrical charge of a neuron at rest is largely the result of a chemical "pump" that transports _____ from inside to outside the neuron.

A)potassium
B)protein ions
C)sodium
D)magnesium

Question 63

At rest,the cell membrane of a neuron can BEST be conceptualized as a:

A)traffic signal.
B)wire.
C)dam.
D)telephone.

Question 64

When a neuron is at rest,there is a high concentration of _____ ions outside the cell relative to the inside.

A)positively charged sodium
B)positively charged potassium
C)positively charged chloride
D)negatively charged protein

Question 65

Which ion has a negative charge?

A)sodium
B)potassium
C)chloride
D)calcium

Question 66

_____ channels are open while a neuron is at rest;most _____ channels are closed.

A)Na⁺;Cl^-
B)Na⁺;K⁺
C)Na⁺;Ca⁺⁺
D)K⁺;Na⁺

Question 67

The electrical charge of a neuron at rest is an example of:

A)the refractory period.
B)the all-or-none rule.
C)potential energy.
D)the action potential.

Question 68

Which statement about action potentials is FALSE?

A)Neurons either do or do not "fire."
B)Electrical stimulation of the dendrites does not always trigger "firing."
C)Activation must exceed a threshold before the neuron begins to "fire."
D)The intensity of the stimulus makes the neuron "fire" more intensely.

Question 69

The electrical charge inside of the neuron relative to the outside reaches _____ millivolts during an action potential.

A)-70
B)0
C)+40
D)+70

Question 70

What is the electrical charge of a neuron at rest?

A)70 mv
B)40 mv
C)-40 mv
D)-70 mv

Question 71

Which statement MOST closely describes the firing of a single neuron?

A)Smoke triggers the alarm on a smoke detector.
B)Grip pressure on the hose handle modifies the pressure of the water stream.
C)Greater tension on a rubber band causes a paper ball to be launched with greater velocity.
D)Cell phone reception quality depends on how close you are to a cell phone tower.

Question 72

The electrical charge of a neuron at rest is largely the result of a chemical "pump" that pulls _____ from outside to inside the neuron.

A)potassium
B)protein ions
C)sodium
D)magnesium

Question 73

When a neuron is at rest,there is a high concentration of _____ ions inside the cell relative to the outside.

A)positively charged sodium
B)positively charged potassium
C)negatively charged chloride
D)positively charged protein

Question 74

When is the charge inside a neuron at +40 millivolts?

A)at the threshold of excitation
B)during the refractory period
C)during the resting potential
D)during the action potential

Question 75

When a neuron is at rest,the plasma membrane allows the unrestricted flow of _____ ions.

A)potassium
B)sodium
C)large protein
D)chlorine

Question 76

An electrical signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron's axon to a synapse is called a(n)_____ potential.

A)electrostatic
B)resting
C)action
D)equilibrium

Question 77

Hodgkin and Huxley (1939)conducted early research on the action potential using _____ as subjects.

A)Aplysia
B)fruit flies
C)tapeworms
D)giant squid

Question 78

Which ion has a negative charge?

A)sodium
B)protein
C)potassium
D)calcium

Question 79

The resting potential of a neuron was discovered in 1939 by biologists studying marine animals such as squid.Squid were studied because:

A)their neurons are more similar to human neurons than those of most other animals.
B)their neurons are large and easy to study.
C)neurotransmission evolved first in marine animals.
D)it is unethical to study these processes in humans.

Question 80

Which sequence shows the CORRECT order of the firing of a neuron?

A)threshold,resting potential,refractory period,action potential
B)resting potential,threshold,action potential,refractory period
C)action potential,resting potential,refractory period,threshold
D)resting potential,threshold,refractory period,action potential