Deck 12: Personality

Question 1

Most self-report questionnaires consist of which type of answers?

A)describing what is happening in a picture
B)circling an item on a scale
C)writing an essay about oneself
D)writing an essay about one's family

Answer 1

circling an item on a scale

Question 2

When psychologists try to explain personality differences,they are concerned with _____ and _____.

A)needs;desires
B)prior events;anticipated events
C)insights;reflections
D)prior dispositions;traits

Answer 2

prior events;anticipated events

Question 3

When one person describes the personality characteristics of a number of people,those descriptions tend to be _____ than when many people describe the personality of a single individual.

A)more positive
B)more negative
C)more similar
D)less similar

Answer 3

more similar

Question 4

Abby is a psychologist who studies personality.Which instrument would she MOST likely use in asking people about how they act or think in particular situations?

A)a self-report inventory
B)the Rorschach Inkblot Test
C)the Thematic Apperception Test
D)a picture-completion test

Question 5

Which factor is an anticipated event that may,in part,determine personality?

A)a person's fears
B)aspects of a person's subconscious
C)a person's brain functioning
D)a person's genetic makeup

Question 6

Which factor is classified as a prior event that may,in part,determine personality?

A)a person's ambitions
B)a person's hopes
C)a person's fears
D)a person's genetic makeup

Question 7

To measure a person's personality,a psychologist MOST likely would:

A)follow him or her around and make observations in a variety of settings.
B)ask friends about him or her.
C)observe him or her in a stressful situation.
D)give him or her a questionnaire.

Question 8

_____ is a person's characteristic style of behaving,thinking,and feeling.

A)Attitude
B)Personality
C)Belief
D)Point of view

Question 9

The MMPI-2-RF consists of more than _____ true/false statements.

A)100
B)300
C)700
D)1,000

Question 10

As a science matures,research tends to shift from _____ to _____.

A)explanation;description
B)description;explanation
C)evaluation;description
D)evaluation;categorization

Question 11

The owner of a restaurant separately asks five of his employees to describe the personality of the new bartender.The owner is MOST likely to hear:

A)different descriptions of the bartender's personality.
B)all positive descriptions about the bartender's personality.
C)extremely similar descriptions about the bartender's personality.
D)different behavioural examples about the bartender that all illustrate similar personality characteristics.

Question 12

Researchers interested in studying how prior events influence personality likely will NOT study:

A)a person's brain.
B)aspects of a person's subconscious.
C)a person's fears.
D)a person's genetic makeup.

Question 13

The technique MOST widely used by psychologists to collect information about someone's personality structure is the:

A)double-blind experiment.
B)Thematic Apperception Test.
C)self-report.
D)Rorschach Inkblot Test.

Question 14

Which commonly used personality test is a well-researched clinical questionnaire designed to assess personality and psychological problems?

A)the Beck Depression Inventory
B)a self-report
C)the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
D)the Thematic Apperception Test

Question 15

The owner of a restaurant asks his long-term bartender to describe the personalities of five new employees.The owner is MOST likely to hear:

A)completely different descriptions of each employee's personality.
B)all positive descriptions about the employees' personalities.
C)similar descriptions about the employees' personalities.
D)a mixture of very positive and high negative descriptions,with few descriptions in the middle.

Question 16

Which function is NOT an aspect of personality?

A)behaving
B)thinking
C)sensing
D)feeling

Question 17

When asked to write an essay on why he is who she is,Pal describes how neurotransmitter imbalances contribute to his moodiness.Pal is focusing on how _____ events determine his personality.

A)prior
B)subconscious
C)environmental
D)anticipated

Question 18

Theories attempting to determine the basis for psychological differences among people seek to _____ personality.

A)explain
B)describe
C)evaluate
D)categorize

Question 19

When asked to write an essay on why she is who she is,Julia describes how her hopes and dreams influence how she behaves,thinks,and feels.Julia is focusing on how _____ events determine her personality.

A)prior
B)subconscious
C)environmental
D)anticipated

Question 20

A method in which a person provides subjective information about his or her own thoughts,feelings,or behaviours,typically via questionnaire or interview,is termed:

A)psychoanalysis.
B)the Thematic Apperception Test.
C)a self-report.
D)the Rorschach Inkblot Test.

Question 21

Chuck is a psychoanalytic psychologist who wishes to identify the inner dimensions of personality of his client.Which test or technique would Chuck MOST likely use?

A)the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
B)the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
C)a personality-assessment inventory
D)the Thematic Apperception Test

Question 22

Which statement about projective personality tests is TRUE?

A)They are reliable measures of personality.
B)They are reliable and valid measures of personality.
C)They are useful in determining whether or not a participant is being truthful.
D)They are useful in getting to know a participant on an intuitive basis.

Question 23

Schwartz and colleagues (2013)analyzed Facebook pages and standardized personality tests from the same people.They found that people who commented frequently about being "sick of" things on Facebook were more likely to score highly on which dimension of personality?

A)conscientiousness
B)agreeableness
C)neuroticism
D)extraversion

Question 24

A _____ can be described as a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way.

A)personal construct
B)characteristic
C)trait
D)motivation

Question 25

Based on recent research,you might expect more females than males on Facebook to:

A)use emotional terms.
B)use swear words.
C)comment on objects.
D)comment on parties.

Question 26

The _____ is a personality test that reveals underlying motives and concerns of respondents and how the respondents see the social world through the stories they create about ambiguous pictures of people.

A)Ambiguous Situation Assessment
B)Rorschach Inkblot Test
C)Thematic Apperception Test
D)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 27

The projective personality test that uses individual interpretations of various shapes to identify someone's inner feelings is the:

A)MMPI-2-RF.
B)Stanford-Binet Test.
C)Big Five Factor Model.
D)Rorschach Inkblot Test.

Question 28

An advantage of techniques utilizing devices such as the electronically activated recorder to assess personality is that:

A)it reveals unconscious motives underlying personality.
B)it assesses personality during participants' normal interactions.
C)data are recorded under tightly controlled laboratory conditions.
D)it takes only a few minutes to complete the test.

Question 29

On her first visit to a psychiatrist,Lucinda was asked to look at a set of 10 pictures and make up a story about each one.Her psychiatrist was likely using the:

A)Myers-Briggs Inventory.
B)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
C)Rorschach Inkblot Test.
D)Thematic Apperception Test.

Question 30

Which psychological construct does the MMPI-2-RF NOT measure?

A)clinical
B)somatic
C)projecting
D)interpersonal

Question 31

A drawback to self-report questionnaires is that:

A)they typically take a long time to administer.
B)scoring requires the use of a computer.
C)they rely on the accuracy and truthfulness of the test taker.
D)special training is needed to interpret the questionnaire.

Question 32

A key feature of projective techniques to assess personality is the use of:

A)essay questions instead of true/false questions.
B)validity scales to assess dishonesty.
C)ambiguous objects designed to elicit unique responses.
D)questions asking participants to imagine themselves in the future.

Question 33

A disadvantage of the Thematic Apperception Test is that:

A)the scorer's interpretation of the results is subjective.
B)it is easy for test takers to mask their true personalities.
C)projections reveal more than the client wants to reveal and they produce psychological distress.
D)participants tend to project only their current concerns on the ambiguous pictures.

Question 34

Which statement is NOT a criticism of projective personality tests?

A)Their interpretation can depend on the theoretical viewpoint of the examiner.
B)Their use is not valid for older adults.
C)Results are influenced by the subjective interpretation of the examiner.
D)The tests have little predictive value.

Question 35

What is the BEST known projective personality test?

A)the Beck Depression Inventory
B)the Rorschach Inkblot Test
C)the Thematic Apperception Test
D)the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 36

Developers of projective tests assume that people will:

A)project personality factors onto an ambiguous test.
B)project their response biases by indicating which adjectives describe them best.
C)reveal their response style by agreeing or disagreeing to most ambiguous questions.
D)report that they see the same image when shown an unstructured inkblot.

Question 37

A recent study by Mehl and colleagues (2009)utilized an electronically activated recorder to record the daily conversations of male and female university students.This study found that:

A)females were much more talkative than were males.
B)males were much more talkative than were females.
C)males were slightly more talkative than were females.
D)males and females were equally talkative.

Question 38

Who was an early trait psychologist?

A)Wilhelm Wundt
B)Edward Titchener
C)Karl Lashley
D)Gordon Allport

Question 39

A psychological tendency that the MMPI-2-RF does NOT measure is:

A)creativity.
B)anxiety.
C)antisocial behaviour.
D)avoidance.

Question 40

Schwartz and colleagues (2013)analyzed Facebook pages and standardized personality tests from the same people.They found that people who commented frequently about "going out to party" on Facebook were more likely to score highly on which dimension of personality?

A)conscientiousness
B)agreeableness
C)neuroticism
D)extraversion

Question 41

Hans Eysenck developed a model of personality that initially had _____ factors.

A)2
B)5
C)16
D)40

Question 42

Allport believed that traits are preexisting dispositions that:

A)reliably trigger or cause the behaviour.
B)are determined by childhood experiences and thus are not true causes of behaviour.
C)have no predictive utility but can categorize the behaviour after the fact.
D)can predict behaviour but are not causes of behaviour.

Question 43

Imagine Eysenck's two factors expressed in two-dimensional space.On the vertical axis is insecurity at the top and security at the bottom.Bisecting this axis is the second factor,with introversion on the left and extroversion on the right.Using this model,a person who is quiet,reserved,and comfortable in her own skin would be placed in which quadrant?

A)upper left
B)lower left
C)upper right
D)lower right

Question 44

Trait theorists,who believe that personality traits reflect the motives of a person,tend to use which type of personality tests?

A)projective tests
B)self-report tests
C)personality inventories
D)structured interviews

Question 45

Imagine Eysenck's two factors expressed in two-dimensional space.On the vertical axis is insecurity at the top and security at the bottom.Bisecting this axis is the second factor,with introversion on the left and extroversion on the right.Using this model,a person who is outgoing and personable but prone to extreme swings in mood would be placed in which quadrant?

A)upper left
B)lower left
C)upper right
D)lower right

Question 46

Hans Eysenck's original theory of personality identified two trait dimensions,emotional stability versus instability and:

A)insecurity versus security.
B)extraversion versus introversion.
C)independence versus conformity.
D)impulsivity versus control.

Question 47

Dr.Kent is a psychoanalyst who believes that our underlying and sometimes unconscious motivations reveal themselves in our personality.Dr.Kent probably uses _____ to measure personality.

A)projective tests
B)self-report tests
C)personality inventories
D)structured interviews

Question 48

Imagine Eysenck's two factors expressed in two-dimensional space.On the vertical axis is insecurity at the top and security at the bottom.Bisecting this axis is the second factor,with introversion on the left and extroversion on the right.Using this model,a person who is outgoing,friendly,and comfortable in her own skin would be placed in which quadrant?

A)upper left
B)lower left
C)upper right
D)lower right

Question 49

Breanne is ambitious and Susan is laid back.These personality traits represent:

A)different and unrelated personality factors.
B)the endpoints of a single personality factor.
C)different and related personality factors.
D)Eysenck's two-factor model of personality.

Question 50

After World War II,personality psychologists become very interested in the trait of:

A)sensation seeking.
B)impulsivity.
C)authoritarianism.
D)defensiveness.

Question 51

Trait theorists who believe that personality traits reflect the causes of a person's disposition to behave in certain ways tend to use which type of personality tests?

A)projective tests
B)personality inventories
C)thematic apperception tests
D)naturalistic observation

Question 52

When traits are organized in a hierarchy,_____ are at the _____ level.

A)concrete traits;highest
B)abstract traits;highest
C)specific behavioural tendencies;highest
D)abstract traits;lowest

Question 53

Dr.Juarez is a personality psychologist who believes that personality traits are relatively stable across time and situations,and that they give rise to measurable behaviour.Dr.Juarez probably uses _____ to measure personality.

A)projective tests
B)personality inventories
C)thematic apperception tests
D)naturalistic observation

Question 54

An early attempt to determine the number of personality traits by counting all of the relevant adjectives in an English dictionary revealed _____ potential traits.

A)600
B)8,000
C)18,000
D)120,000

Question 55

Which computational procedure sorts traits into a small number of underlying dimensions?

A)chi-square
B)factor analysis
C)t-tests
D)analysis of variance

Question 56

Which statement regarding personality factors derived from factor analysis is TRUE?

A)Personality factors are correlated highly with one another.
B)Personality factors are presented in terms of specific behavioural tendencies.
C)Personality factors are presented as a continuum,ranging from one extreme trait to its opposite.
D)Personality factors are more numerous than personality traits.

Question 57

Henry Murray,the creator of the Thematic Apperception Test,believed that traits:

A)are preexisting dispositions or causes of behaviour that reliably trigger the behaviour.
B)reflect underlying motives.
C)are highly unstable across the lifetime.
D)indicate what type of childhood the person had.

Question 58

When traits are organized in a hierarchy,_____ are at the _____ level.

A)specific behaviours;highest
B)abstract traits;middle
C)specific behaviours;lowest
D)abstract traits;lowest

Question 59

Cattell (1950)proposed a theory of personality consisting of _____ factors.

A)2
B)5
C)16
D)18,000

Question 60

A 13-year-old learns in her World Cultures class that Bashar al-Assad is an authoritarian.She might NOT expect Assad to demonstrate:

A)a high degree of sensation seeking.
B)political conservatism.
C)adherence to a rigid hierarchy of power.
D)an emphasis on conformity.

Question 61

People high in _____ tend to perform well at work and live longer.

A)neuroticism
B)conscientiousness
C)openness to experience
D)extraversion

Question 62

The Big Five Factor Model does NOT include:

A)extraversion.
B)openness to experience.
C)neuroticism.
D)anxiousness.

Question 63

Teenagers who score low on _____ are more likely than average to be juvenile delinquents.

A)agreeableness
B)neuroticism
C)openness to experience
D)extraversion

Question 64

Which statement about the Big Five Factor Model is FALSE?

A)The factors are associated with predictable patterns of behaviour.
B)People high in conscientiousness perform well in their jobs.
C)People low in extraversion tend to be social and affectionate.
D)People's personalities tend to remain stable throughout life.

Question 65

Imagine Eysenck's two factors expressed in two-dimensional space.On the vertical axis is insecurity at the top and security at the bottom.Bisecting this axis is the second factor,with introversion on the left and extroversion on the right.Using this model,a person who is quiet,reserved,and prone to extreme swings in mood would be placed in which quadrant?

A)upper left
B)lower left
C)upper right
D)lower right

Question 66

The Big Five Factor Model includes _____ as one the five dimensions of personality.

A)conscientiousness
B)authoritarianism
C)sensation seeking
D)defensiveness

Question 67

The Big Five Facto Model includes _____ as one the five dimensions of personality.

A)creativity
B)agreeableness
C)narcissism
D)sensation seeking

Question 68

Bonnie is a good student,organized,self-disciplined,and very careful about turning her work in on time.According to the Big Five Factor Model of personality,Bonnie would likely score high on:

A)orderliness.
B)conscientiousness.
C)openness to experience.
D)agreeableness.

Question 69

Presented as a continuum,which Big Five personality factor ranges from independent to conforming?

A)conscientiousness
B)openness to experience
C)agreeableness
D)extraversion

Question 70

Teenagers who score low on _____ are more likely than average to be juvenile delinquents.

A)neuroticism
B)conscientiousness
C)openness to experience
D)extraversion

Question 71

The Big Five Factor Model includes _____ as one the five dimensions of personality.

A)defensiveness
B)psychoticism
C)creativity
D)extraversion

Question 72

Ronnie is a softhearted individual who easily trusts people and will go out of his way to help them.According to the Big Five Factor Model of personality,Ronnie would likely score high on:

A)extraversion.
B)conscientiousness.
C)openness to experience.
D)agreeableness.

Question 73

Today,many factor-analysis researchers agree that personality is BEST captured by _____ factors.

A)2
B)3
C)5
D)16

Question 74

Bette enjoys spending time with friends and family,and she particularly enjoys parties and social events.According to various trait theories of personality,she would likely score high on:

A)extraversion.
B)conscientiousness.
C)agreeableness.
D)openness to experience.

Question 75

The Big Five Facto Model includes _____ as one the five dimensions of personality.

A)neuroticism
B)creativity
C)narcissism
D)ambition

Question 76

The basic five-factor structure seems to be TRUE in which of these populations?

A)adults in English-speaking countries
B)adults in non-Western cultures who speak languages other than English
C)children
D)children and adults in other cultures,both English and non-English speaking

Question 77

Presented as a continuum,which Big Five personality factor ranges from social to retiring?

A)neuroticism
B)openness to experience
C)agreeableness
D)extraversion

Question 78

To help remember the Big Five dimensions of personality,use the acronym _____ as a mnemonic device.

A)CONES
B)CANES
C)NAMES
D)OCEAN

Question 79

Presented as a continuum,which Big Five personality factor ranges from worried to calm?

A)neuroticism
B)openness to experience
C)conscientiousness
D)extraversion

Question 80

The Big Five Facto Model includes _____ as one the five dimensions of personality.

A)creativity
B)authoritarianism
C)openness to experience
D)impulsivity