Deck 17: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

When Lloyd receives his final grade in calculus,he is upset to see that he earned a D,rather than the B he expected.He spends the afternoon berating himself for not doing better on the final exam.In this case,the poor grade is the

A) activating event.
B) belief system.
C) consequence.
D) dispute or challenge.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Cristoforo has entered therapy to deal with anger toward his father,who is terminally ill.Cristoforo knows that he has a lot of unfinished business with his father,but he doesn't feel that he can address those things now that his father is dying.Cristoforo's therapist asks him to role-play the conflict between the two sides of himself.First he is to imagine the fearful part of himself in the empty chair before him and have the angry part express itself;then he is to switch chairs and have the fearful part explain why it doesn't feel able to confront Cristoforo's father while he is sick.Cristoforo's therapist is using

A) the empty-chair technique.
B) free association.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) interpretation.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Avalon is seeing Dr.Tremaine for depression and anxiety.When she first visited him,she was worried that he would expect her to commit to years of therapy,but he said most of his clients require only 15 or 20 sessions.As they work together,Dr.Tremaine focuses on helping Avalon understand that she does not have to interact with other people in the dysfunctional way her parents did.As she expands her repertoire of interactions with others,her depression and anxiety begin to lift.Dr.Tremaine is using

A) psychoanalysis.
B) cognitive-behavioural interventions.
C) interpersonal therapy.
D) Gestalt techniques.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Blythe is afraid of cats,because she was bitten by one when she was younger,but she has just begun dating someone who owns a cat,so she wants to conquer her fear.She chooses a counsellor who utilizes animals in therapy,and when she and Dr.Ramirez decide she is ready,he brings a cat into the therapy room.While Dr.Ramirez ___________,he and Blythe ____________.

A) forces Blythe to hold the cat;use free association to deal with Blythe's fear
B) blocks the door so Blythe can't leave;use countertransference to help Blythe deal with the cat's presence
C) exposes Blythe to the feared stimulus;use response prevention to avoid a reoccurrence of the operant avoidance response
D) exposes Blythe to the feared stimulus;focus on Blythe's verbalized transference onto Dr.Ramirez

Question 5

Cade is seeing Dr.Olencia for help with self-esteem and self-confidence issues that he believes are rooted in his childhood.Dr.Olencia encourages Cade to keep a dream journal so that they can talk about his dreams during therapy.As a psychoanalytic therapist,Dr.Olencia believes that dream interpretation

A) can be used to access the human shadow.
B) can help clients achieve congruence.
C) helps clients center themselves.
D) will provide access to Cade's unconscious.

Question 6

During her first meetings with new clients,Ines explains that she uses a person-centred approach.Therefore,her clients should not expect which of the following during their sessions?

A) genuine caring and acceptance
B) free association techniques
C) unconditional positive regard
D) honest feedback on how Ines is feeling about them

Question 7

Ciara's therapist believes that her problems are rooted in her childhood and her unconscious,and that he can help her uncover the dynamics responsible for her problem.This awareness,also called ______________,will allow her to adjust her behaviour.

A) free association
B) insight
C) transference
D) client-centred therapy

Question 8

Takeshi is seeing Dr.Shakar to help her deal with her social phobia.Early in treatment,they built a list of 15 steps beginning with low-anxiety scenarios and ending with high-anxiety scenarios.Over time they have conquered many of the situations on the list,and it is time for Takeshi to try staying relaxed while walking down a busy street.The approach Dr.Shakar is using with Takeshi is called

A) flooding.
B) free association.
C) rational-emotive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 9

Ciara's therapist asks her to lie on the couch and talk about whatever comes to mind without censoring anything.This technique,called ______________,is meant to help the client and therapist find recurring themes or issues that can provide clues to the unconscious cause or causes of the problem.

A) free association
B) insight
C) transference
D) client-centred therapy

Question 10

Even though some of Masato's graduate school professors have taught him that a therapist should always act as a blank screen onto which clients can project their unconscious conflicts,Masato prefers to maintain consistency between how he feels and the way he behaves.He expresses his feelings honestly to clients,regardless of whether they are positive or negative.Masato's professors were probably ________________ therapists.

A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) client-centred
D) cognitive

Question 11

Since Dr.Callum began making connections between Dylan's current romantic problems and his childhood experiences,Dylan has been "forgetting" therapy appointments or cancelling them at the last minute,and when he does show up he is invariably late.Dylan's avoidance pattern is called

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) countertransference.
D) interpretation.

Question 12

When Dr.Callum points out Dylan's pattern of avoiding therapy sessions,Dylan becomes angry and accuses Dr.Callum of being controlling and demeaning.He threatens to quit therapy if Dr.Callum doesn't quit treating him "the same way my father did." Dr.Callum points out the similarities between what Dylan is feeling now and how he felt as a child;that is,Dr.Callum is

A) providing an interpretation.
B) utilizing free association.
C) transferring his own feelings onto Dylan.
D) relying on humanistic techniques.

Question 13

When Dr.Callum points out Dylan's pattern of avoiding therapy sessions,Dylan becomes angry and accuses Dr.Callum of being controlling and demeaning.He threatens to quit therapy if Dr.Callum doesn't quit treating him "the same way my father did." Dr.Callum is able to show Dylan that he is experiencing

A) positive transference.
B) negative transference.
C) countertransference.
D) free association.

Question 14

Though Dr.York has never experienced many of the things his clients have and often imagines he would have made different choices if faced with the circumstances described to him,he always strives to accept his clients without judgment or evaluation.In other words,he tries to provide

A) genuineness.
B) interpretations.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) empathy.

Question 15

Takeshi is seeing Dr.Shakar to help her deal with her social phobia.Early in treatment,they built a list of 15 steps beginning with low-anxiety scenarios and ending with high-anxiety scenarios.Over time,they have conquered many of the situations on the list,and it is time for Takeshi to try staying relaxed while walking down a busy street.The list of scenarios is called

A) a stimulus hierarchy.
B) Maslow's hierarchy.
C) a token economy.
D) a psychotropic.

Question 16

River has been interested in a woman in his biology class for most of the semester.Since the class will end in a few days and he may not see her again in another class,he works up the nerve to ask her out.She apologetically tells him she has recently begun seeing someone and that she can't go out with him.River is embarrassed and disgusted with himself for not asking sooner.Based on the principles of Ellis's rational-emotive therapy,River feels bad because

A) the woman rejected him.
B) he won't see the woman again.
C) of the way he is thinking about the rejection.
D) he won't have a date for Friday night.

Question 17

Though Ripley typically thinks of himself as an A/B student,when he receives a C in British literature he's thrilled.He tells his sister that he was confused throughout the class and expected to fail it completely.Ripley feels better than he might have had he received the grade in another class due to

A) the fact that British literature is a notoriously difficult subject.
B) his belief system about the subject and the grade.
C) the fact that a C in one class won't destroy his grade point average.
D) his sister's support.

Question 18

Cristoforo has entered therapy to deal with anger toward his father,who is terminally ill.Cristoforo knows that he has a lot of unfinished business with his father,but he doesn't feel that he can address those things now that his father is dying.Cristoforo's therapist asks him to role-play the conflict between the two sides of himself.First he is to imagine the fearful part of himself in the empty chair before him and have the angry part express itself;then he is to switch chairs and have the fearful part explain why it doesn't feel able to confront Cristoforo's father while he is sick.Cristoforo's therapist is a ____________ therapist.

A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) cognitive
D) Gestalt

Question 19

Though Dr.York has never experienced many of the things his clients have,he is committed to putting himself "in their shoes" and trying to understand the world from their perspective.This is called

A) genuineness.
B) the empty-chair technique.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) empathy.

Question 20

Even though some of Masato's graduate school professors have taught him that a therapist should always act as a blank screen onto which clients can project their unconscious conflicts,Masato prefers to maintain consistency between the way he feels and the way he behaves.He expresses his feelings honestly to clients,regardless of whether they are positive or negative.Masato values

A) genuineness.
B) interpretations.
C) transference.
D) empathy.

Question 21

In an attempt to provide a more normal life for patients who are capable of living independently or with family,Dr.Nantan advocated ___________;however,over the years he has seen that most communities are unprepared to care for these people,leaving them homeless and destitute and often in need of repeated hospitalizations,a phenomenon referred to as ______________.

A) deinstitutionalization;the revolving door phenomenon
B) for managed care organizations;Tarasoff
C) for HIPAA;the revolving door phenomenon
D) deinstitutionalization;Tarasoff

Question 22

Anjelica specializes in the treatment of borderline personality disorder.Because the symptoms of the disorder cause relationship problems,self-destructive behaviours,poor emotional control,and low self-esteem,she believes that combining elements from cognitive,behavioural,humanistic,and psychodynamic therapies is most effective.She went through specialized training to provide a customized,intensive form of treatment called

A) aversion therapy.
B) deinstitutionalization.
C) dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT).
D) Gestalt therapy.

Question 23

Honoria works in a college counselling center.She believes that the clients' problems are the result of dysfunctional thinking,conflict,and stress responses.During therapy,she emphasizes the importance of taking responsibility for separating from parents,improving oneself,and expressing both positive and negative emotions honestly.Nimol,an international student from Cambodia who feels pressured by her parents to major in an area that does not interest her,is appalled by Honoria's suggestion that she tell her parents she doesn't want to major in that area.After the session,Honoria meets with her supervisor,who explains that

A) disagreeing with one's parents is not acceptable in certain other cultures in the same way it is in Western cultures.
B) individual responsibility is not a universal value.
C) therapy may be viewed as shameful by some people from non-Western cultures.
D) All of the choices.

Question 24

Drs.Alice,Hatter,Hart,Gryphon,and King are arguing about which therapeutic approach is most effective with clients.They all use different approaches,including psychodynamic,humanistic,rational-emotive,behavioural,and Gestalt therapies.Overhearing them,Dr.March says that research shows that widely differing therapies all have similar efficacy.Some would say Dr.March has given the group the

A) Cheshire proclamation.
B) secret message to follow the White Rabbit.
C) Caterpillar's solution.
D) dodo bird verdict.

Question 25

Takeshi is seeing Dr.Shakar to help her deal with her social phobia.Though she is more comfortable around large groups of people than she used to be,interacting one on one with other people still feels intimidating to her.She and Dr.Shakar role-play interactions,and when Takeshi is unsure what to do,Dr.Shakar models a socially skillful behaviour.If Takeshi likes it,she practices it with Dr.Shakar until it feels comfortable.She is engaging in

A) a token economy.
B) deinstitutionalization.
C) social skills training.
D) feminist therapy.

Question 26

Although many therapists practice brief forms of psychodynamic therapy,recent research has found that this type of therapy

A) does not lead to significant improvements
B) is less effective than no therapy at all
C) is not as effective for some disorders as long-term psychoanalytic therapy
D) surpasses most therapeutic approaches of any length

Question 27

Following a bitter disagreement about the direction their business should take,Darius and his best friend dissolve their partnership and are currently not on speaking terms.Disappointed and disillusioned,Darius tells his sister he thinks he might be depressed.He knows that she had similar problems after a car accident a year ago,so he isn't surprised when she encourages him to try therapy.Darius says he would prefer to wait it out,because he believes that the symptoms will go away in time.Upset,his sister insists that the problem won't go away unless he gets treatment.Is she right?

A) Yes.Over time,untreated psychological disorders tend to grow worse rather than become better.
B) Yes.Depression in particular rarely gets better without treatment.
C) No.Research shows that the rate of spontaneous remission is as high as that of the success reports by therapists.
D) No,unless the depression has a genetic basis.

Question 28

In the 1971 movie A Clockwork Orange,Alex,a violent,irresponsible juvenile,is subjected to an experimental treatment to make criminals sick at the very suggestion of violence or conflict.A chemical substance that induces nausea is injected into Alex's body while he watches violent films;this kind of approach is called

A) resistance.
B) aversion therapy.
C) antipsychotic drugs.
D) a stimulus hierarchy.

Question 29

Though several classes of antidepressant drugs are available to prescribing physicians,the SSRIs are used

A) most often,because they have fewer side effects than the others.
B) least often,because they cause tardive dyskinesia.
C) least often,because dangerous interactions with certain foods can occur.
D) very rarely,because they appear to be nothing more than expensive placebos.

Question 30

Dr.Henry Clerval is a proponent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),though he believes it should be used in only the most extreme circumstances.Historically,ECT was applied to a wide range of disorders,but today it is used only

A) with clients who cause problems for the hospital staff.
B) in Europe.
C) with schizophrenia,particularly when positive symptoms are present.
D) in treating severe depression,especially if there is a high risk of suicide.

Question 31

In the movie From Hell,Sir William Gull invites a group of esteemed gentlemen to observe a new surgical procedure that destroys the frontal lobes of the brain and permanently calms agitated and violent patients.While they watch a physician tap a young woman's temples and forehead with a hammer,Gull exhorts the benefits of this procedure,which is called

A) tardive dyskinesia.
B) a lobotomy.
C) eclectic therapy.
D) an HMO.

Question 32

According to Beck's Cognitive Therapy,a key first step is to help clients realize that

A) it's the situation that is causing the problem
B) most people would feel the same way in the same situation
C) depression is a choice
D) it's their thoughts that are causing the problem

Question 33

When she treats clients who have schizophrenia,Dr.Averil relies on antipsychotics to decrease the neurotransmitter that is linked to hallucinations and delusions.The problem with antipsychotics is that

A) 20 to 40 percent of people with schizophrenia gain little or no relief from them.
B) they have little effect on negative symptoms.
C) they can produce tardive dyskinesia.
D) All of these.

Question 34

Honoria works in a college counselling center.She believes that the clients' problems are the result of dysfunctional thinking,conflict,and stress responses.During therapy,she emphasizes the importance of taking responsibility for separating from parents,improving oneself,and expressing both positive and negative emotions honestly.Nimol,an international student from Cambodia who feels pressured by her parents to major in an area that does not interest her,is appalled by Honoria's suggestion that she tell her parents she doesn't want to major in that area.After the session,Honoria meets with her supervisor,who explains that Nimol may have responded as she did as a result of her cultural background.Since Honoria's supervisor is able to use her knowledge of clients' cultures to better understand them,she is a

A) humanistic therapist.
B) culturally competent therapist.
C) rational-emotive therapist.
D) Gestalt therapist.

Question 35

When Dr.Averil must prescribe an antidepressant,she tries to avoid using monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)because

A) they have mild side effects.
B) certain rare foods can cause dangerous elevations in blood pressure.
C) they cause tardive dyskinesia.
D) they have severe side effects,and certain common foods can cause dangerous elevations in blood pressure.

Question 36

Damita and Anselmo's children have more power in the household than they do.They finally decide they've had enough and sign up for a parenting seminar.There they learn about a series of techniques that rely on operant conditioning to reduce children's undesirable behaviours and increase those that are desirable.In particular,they are encouraged to reinforce all desired behaviours systematically by allowing their children to earn plastic chips that can later be redeemed for predetermined rewards.This system is referred to as

A) a token economy.
B) a tricyclic.
C) a placebo control.
D) dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT).

Question 37

Damita and Anselmo's children have more power in the household than they do.They finally decide they've had enough and sign up for a parenting seminar.There they learn about _____________,a series of techniques that rely on operant conditioning to reduce children's undesirable behaviours and increase those that are desirable.

A) aversion therapy
B) transference
C) tardive dyskinesia
D) behaviour modification