Deck 15: Stress, Coping, and Health

Question 1

Viggo needs to take an extended leave of absence from work for personal reasons.The remaining employees are required to perform Viggo's duties,and Dewitt is the only one who understands how to do many of them.Though Dewitt's body is unable to maintain the alarmed state it entered when he learned of the additional work,he remains stressed out over the weeks that follow.He hopes Viggo will return before he becomes truly overwhelmed.Dewitt is in the ______________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

A) primary
B) alarm
C) resistance
D) exhaustion

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Inga and Neil are scheduled to move into their new house tomorrow,but their realtor calls to tell them that the previous owners turned off the heat,which caused several of the water pipes to burst.Since the house is temporarily uninhabitable,Inga and Neil agree that the situation is both serious and upsetting.To do this,they have engaged in a

A) primary appraisal.
B) secondary appraisal.
C) behavioural assessment.
D) fixation.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Felicia knows that exercise is important to longevity,but she can never seem to stick to an exercise program.She has never seen herself as athletic,doesn't enjoy jogging,and her life is busy enough without trying to find time to exercise regularly.Though a friend suggested that she give up some of her television time,Felicia believes that television is her only truly relaxing activity.She tells herself that she gets enough exercise running errands.Felicia has

A) used reaction formation to avoid exercising.
B) a high internal locus of control.
C) reached the preparation stage of the transtheoretical model.
D) low self-efficacy for success in exercising regularly.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Victor Frankl was a Jewish psychiatrist incarcerated in Auschwitz during the Holocaust.After his release,he wrote a book called Man's Search for Meaning that addressed the importance of hope for survival.The prisoners who found meaning in their suffering or clung to the hope that they would see family again were more likely to survive the atrocious conditions than those who did not have these

A) catecholamines.
B) confounds.
C) protective factors.
D) vulnerability factors.

Question 5

Rafferty recently completed a fitness assessment,whose results were poorer than he expected.His weight is significantly higher than it should be,he has several unhealthy habits,and he is unable to lift weights comparable to others his age.Rafferty's physician suggests he undertake _________________ exercise,which will elevate his heart rate and increase his body's need for oxygen.

A) aerobic
B) anaerobic
C) cortisol
D) glycolic

Question 6

Summer would eventually like to quit smoking,because the habit is both costly and she knows it is bad for her health.Since all of her friends smoke,she tells herself that right now quitting would take too much effort.Summer is in the ____________________ stage of the transtheoretical model.

A) self-verification
B) action
C) contemplation
D) precontemplation

Question 7

Safiya recently moved to a big city for a new job.Because she was born and raised in a small town,she is confused by the nuances of public transportation,the apparent standoffishness of the people,and the constant noise.Though she is able to talk with her friends on the phone,her lack of an immediate social support network makes the transition far more difficult than it might have been otherwise.Safiya's lack of social support in her new town is a _____________ that increases her susceptibility to all these stressful events.

A) catecholamine
B) confound
C) protective factor
D) vulnerability factor

Question 8

Langdon's test anxiety is so severe that he often cannot answer a single question on an exam.His therapist teaches him a technique in which he sits in a chair,closes his eyes,and systematically tenses different parts of his body and then relaxes them while telling himself to be calm.This approach is called

A) relaxation training.
B) corollary reduction.
C) endurance training.
D) factorial thinking.

Question 9

Jacob has experienced a childhood that has not been optimal.His parents separated in a nasty divorce,his father raised him in a very poor neighbourhood,and he was bullied throughout his elementary school years.To the surprise of many people,Jacob has grown up to be a very successful business man.It seems that Jacob is one of those individuals researchers have described as:

A) hardy
B) resilient
C) mindful
D) motivated

Question 10

While taking a university health class,Eugene learns that children of alcoholics often have trouble forming healthy and lasting relationships with other people.Eugene recognizes himself in the pattern of behaviours displayed by these children and decides that he wants to seek help.He asks his professor for a referral and she suggests Al-Anon,a support group for children of alcoholics.Encouraged,Eugene both begins attending Al-Anon meetings and makes an appointment to see a therapist.Eugene is

A) utilizing projective identification.
B) seeking social support.
C) sublimating his problems.
D) trying to reduce controllability.

Question 11

Ten-year-old Edward has just started at a new school where the children make fun of his rural background and accent.He is also being bullied by one of the other children in his new neighbourhood.In spite of all this,Edward is able to focus on his personal strengths: He is smart and has always been able to make friends,has a family who loves him,and his new school has special classes for children like him who are gifted in the arts.Thanks to the _____________ in Edward's life,he is able to overcome the challenges of his childhood and grow into a happy and successful man.

A) primary appraisals
B) rebound gene
C) protective factors
D) Type R behaviour pattern

Question 12

Bram's chemistry major is extremely demanding,but he is committed to earning good grades.Every semester he manages to get through his papers and exams without getting sick,but after he takes his last final he always catches a cold.At that point,Bram's body has reached the _______________________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

A) primary
B) alarm
C) resistance
D) exhaustion

Question 13

At 50,Keket has a heart attack.Her physician warns her that if she doesn't take a more laid-back approach to life and her work,she will die.Because her recovery takes significantly longer than she told her employer it would,she loses her job.Rather than seeing this as an opportunity to find a job she enjoys,Keket harbours resentment and hostility toward her former coworkers and boss.Based on this information,Keket's heart attack was probably due to

A) hardiness.
B) toughness.
C) a Type A behaviour pattern.
D) a Type B behaviour pattern.

Question 14

Clay's father was recently diagnosed with lung cancer.Though the doctors believe they caught the condition early enough to help Clay's father,Clay is frightened enough by the diagnosis to decide to quit smoking himself.He throws out his cigarette packs and lighters,joins a smoking-cessation support group,and puts the money he might otherwise have spent on cigarettes into a jar so he can reward himself for quitting.Clay is in the _____________ stage of the transtheoretical model.

A) self-verification
B) action
C) contemplation
D) precontemplation

Question 15

Dakarai values winning above all else.He hates being passed on the highway,losing an account to another company,or being skipped over for a promotion.He is impatient with the other members of his work team and is more likely to get into a shouting match than ask for help if something goes wrong.Dakarai is displaying a ____________________ behaviour pattern.

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) protective
D) toughness

Question 16

Inga and Neil are scheduled to move into their new house tomorrow,but their realtor calls to tell them that the previous owners turned off the heat,which caused several of the water pipes to burst.Since the house is temporarily uninhabitable,Inga and Neil decide that they can put their belongings in storage and stay with Neil's parents while the repairs are made.They ask the realtor to arrange repairs at the previous owner's expense.Though they are disappointed that they won't be able to entertain for the holidays,they know they will be able to do it next year.By assessing their resources to cope with the situation,Neil and Inga have engaged in a

A) primary appraisal.
B) secondary appraisal.
C) behavioural assessment.
D) fixation.

Question 17

Viggo needs to take an extended leave of absence from work for personal reasons.The remaining employees are required to perform Viggo's duties,and Dewitt is the only one who understands how to do many of them.Though Dewitt's body is unable to maintain the alarmed state it entered when he learned of the additional work,he remains stressed out over the weeks that follow.If the stressor of additional responsibility lasts too long,Dewitt could become sick and have trouble functioning himself.This is the _____________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

A) secondary
B) alarm
C) resistance
D) exhaustion

Question 18

Raven is a self-described worrywart.In any given situation,she worries that she will make an embarrassing mistake and others will laugh at her.Her worries lead her to stay home as much as possible and avoid meeting or dealing with new people.Raven's new therapist explains that she would like her to begin a program of light exercise,yoga and meditation,and some social skills exercises so that Raven can work on her anxiety at several levels.She wants Raven to record her activities and feelings in a journal.Her therapist seems to be advising a

A) multimodal treatment approach.
B) harm reduction treatment approach.
C) systematic desensitization treatment approach.
D) type of treatment approach called restructuring.

Question 19

Inga and Neil are scheduled to move into their new house tomorrow,but their realtor calls to tell them that the previous owners turned off the heat,which caused several of the water pipes to burst.Since the house is temporarily uninhabitable,Inga and Neil decide that they can put their belongings in storage and stay with Neil's parents while the repairs are made.They ask the realtor to arrange repairs at the previous owner's expense.Inga and Neil have employed

A) problem-focused coping strategies.
B) physiological toughness.
C) resistance.
D) behavioural analysis.

Question 20

Chelsea runs a Fortune 500 company and is often complimented for her apparent ability to handle whatever the corporate world throws at her.Though once in a while she feels overwhelmed or becomes irritable with the demands placed on her,for the most part she functions well both physically and psychologically.Based on this information,we can make a reasonable guess that Chelsea

A) believes she is superior to other people.
B) experiences stressors as dangerous threats with which she must cope to survive in the corporate world.
C) finds her work meaningless but necessary if she wants to make a lot of money.
D) finds meaning in her work and is optimistic about challenges.

Question 21

Angela has decided to quit smoking.Though the temptation to smoke is stressful,she has developed ways to resist.She goes for a walk,calls a friend,or chews gum to keep herself from picking up a cigarette.Though the urge to smoke is still there,she has found ways to change her situation when she feels stressed so she can cope.Angela is

A) using problem-focused coping.
B) relying primarily on social support.
C) using emotion-focused coping.
D) displaying hardiness.

Question 22

At 65,Terry is diagnosed with cancer.Because the idea of cancer terrifies him,he refuses to believe that he has a sickness and does not get any treatments.When his physician informs him that his case has become terminal because he did not act,Terry tells his friends that his doctor doesn't know what he's talking about.Terry is

A) using problem-focused coping.
B) relying primarily on social support.
C) using emotion-focused coping.
D) displaying hardiness.

Question 23

Catherine has wanted to lose weight for several years,and finally a magazine article on the dangers of obesity makes her decide to take action.Today she went to the market and bought healthful foods,then made herself her favourite high-fat dinner and dessert,knowing she would need to eat these kinds of foods in moderation in the future.According to the transtheoretical model of change,Catherine is in the ____________ stage.

A) precontemplation
B) contemplation
C) preparation
D) termination

Question 24

Antoinette is annoyed that the university judicial board has ordered her into therapy,because she doesn't believe that regularly getting drunk at age 19 is problematic.The therapist asks her to sit in on a group for students who have gotten into the same kind of trouble she has.In it,she learns all of the following except that

A) people are more likely to engage in unplanned and unprotected sex when they have been drinking.
B) binge drinkers often forget where they were or what they did while they were under the influence of the alcohol.
C) having problems related to drinking is rarely limited to being caught by campus or local police.
D) 85 percent of students meet the criteria for binge drinking,but only 25 percent of those individuals see themselves as having a drinking problem.

Question 25

Tanisha is interested in becoming an exercise specialist.Though she has been active for most of her life,in one of her classes she learns that nearly _____________ of the North American population is obese.

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 26

The goal of positive psychology is to shift the focus of psychology from ______ to _______.

A) treatment;prevention
B) prevention;treatment
C) disease prevention;healthy behaviour
D) research;experience

Question 27

Allegra tries to lead a healthy life.She maintains a vegetarian diet,avoids fatty foods,and receives a flu shot every year.She tells others that her only vice is smoking.While she knows that she should quit,she believes that her otherwise healthy lifestyle will offset the effects of tobacco.Is she right?

A) Yes.Studies show that the negative effects of smoking can be offset by other healthful practices,as long as those practices are consistent.
B) Yes,but only until one reaches the age of 50;then tobacco affects everyone the same way,regardless of other lifestyle practices.
C) No.A vegetarian diet will actually increase the effects of tobacco on the body.
D) No.Smoking is the single largest cause of premature death and the only way to offset the negative effects of smoking is to quit.

Question 28

Sasha drives whenever she must travel,because she's terrified a plane will crash.Statistics show that there are 40,000 deaths per year in automobile accidents and only about 200 deaths in air transport,but news programs tend to sensationalize plane crashes and minimize car wrecks.Sadly,many of those automobile accidents could be prevented,since _____________ is implicated in half of all automobile fatalities.

A) alcohol
B) marijuana
C) cocaine
D) carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 29

Jeremy is doing a school report on how the causes of death have changed over the last century.He is surprised to learn that the primary causes of death in modern life are

A) exactly the same as the ones people faced 100 years ago.
B) behavioural rather than communicable;modern medicine can control most communicable diseases,but health-impairing behaviours and lifestyles are strongly related to early mortality.
C) both behavioural and communicable;modern communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS and hepatitis kill just as many people as modern health-impairing behaviours.
D) primarily communicable;mad-cow disease,HIV/AIDS,and hepatitis kill far more people than the illnesses that were common 100 years ago.

Question 30

Because Roger's employer has a deal with a local fitness club,he is able to join for a reduced rate.Roger is excited to be able to use such a modern facility and looks forward to improving his cardiovascular fitness and losing his "spare tire." If one of the following situations were to interfere with Roger's new fitness enthusiasm,which is the most likely to contribute to failure?

A) lack of support from his family and friends
B) general dislike of physical exercise
C) fear that he won't have the body he did when he was younger
D) his busy schedule

Question 31

When Clay's father was diagnosed with lung cancer,Clay decided to quit smoking.Despite throwing out his cigarette packs and lighters,joining a smoking-cessation support group,and saving the money he might otherwise have spent on cigarettes helped for a while,Clay is still smoking cigarettes he bums from friends.His friends tease him,and he tells himself he's weak and probably won't ever be able to resist the temptation of cigarettes completely.Finally he just buys several packs and resigns himself to being a smoker for the rest of his life.Clay has experienced the

A) general adaptation syndrome.
B) gate control effect.
C) abstinence violation effect.
D) stress-induced analgesia.

Question 32

Antoinette is annoyed that the university judicial board has ordered her into therapy,because she doesn't believe that regularly getting drunk at age 19 is problematic.Rather than confronting her with evidence that she has a problem,the therapist asks Antoinette a series of questions that focus on the discrepancies between the trouble Antoinette is in and her beliefs about her behaviour.This technique is called

A) motivational interviewing.
B) transtheoretical questioning.
C) brainwashing.
D) multimodal questioning.

Question 33

Hardiness has to do with one's ________ whereas resilience has to do with one's ________.

A) social support network;repertoire of coping strategies
B) characteristics for coping;recovery from stressful life events
C) recovery from stressful life event;repertoire of coping strategies
D) social support network;recovery from stressful life events

Question 34

When Clay's father was diagnosed with lung cancer,Clay decided to quit smoking.Despite throwing out his cigarette packs and lighters,joining a smoking-cessation support group,and saving the money he might otherwise have spent on cigarettes is helping,Clay is still smoking cigarettes he bums from friends.Though he gives up trying to quit for a while,he decides to try visits to his physician to get some additional help.His doctor prescribes an antidepressant called Zyban that helps some people quit and encourages Clay to start individual therapy.In therapy,Clay can learn how to deal with situations that trigger his need to smoke and develop self-monitoring and stress-management techniques.By adding these approaches,called _____________,Clay will have a more powerful behaviour-change package.

A) transtheoretical investments
B) multimodal treatments
C) motivational interventions
D) contemplative conduits

Question 35

Tanisha is interested in becoming an exercise specialist.Though she has been active for most of her life,in one of her classes she learns that abdominal fat increases the risk of heart disease,diabetes,and cancer.Accumulation of abdominal fat is significantly increased by

A) high-protein diets.
B) high-carb diets.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) yo-yo dieting.

Question 36

Faye watched a news program that described behavioural intervention programs for weight loss.Because she would like to lose weight and live a more healthy life,she decides to work with a nutritionist.The nutritionist will probably encourage Faye to do all of the following except

A) keep a food diary.
B) punish herself when she makes a slip in her new habits.
C) do nothing else while eating.
D) add an exercise program.

Question 37

According to the research,the strongest basis for life satisfaction has been found to be

A) becoming a volunteer with those less fortunate
B) a meaningful career
C) popularity
D) good relationships