Deck 10: Intelligence

Question 1

Today's IQ scores are based on a person's performance relative to the scores of other people of the same age,with a score of _____ corresponding to the average performance of that age group.

A) 80
B) 100
C) 125
D) 150

Answer 1

100

Question 2

Early intelligence researcher Francis Galton believed that certain people were occupationally and socially successful as a result of:

A) being raised in an impoverished environment.
B) the efficiency of their nervous system.
C) a single gene.
D) liberal-thinking parents.

Answer 2

the efficiency of their nervous system.

Question 3

Stern's intelligence quotient was determined by dividing __________ by _______,multiplied by 100.

A) mental age;chronological age
B) chronological;mental age
C) standard scores;mental age
D) standard scores;chronological age

Answer 3

mental age;chronological age

Question 4

The concept of "mental age" is most strongly associated with which of the following individuals?

A) David Wechsler
B) Alfred Binet
C) Francis Galton
D) Howard Gardner

Question 5

According to the text,the following term is defined as the individual differences in the ability to acquire knowledge,to think and to reason effectively,and to deal adaptively with the environment:

A) divergent thinking
B) intelligence
C) reasoning
D) adaptive thinking

Question 6

Which of the following individuals first adapted Alfred Binet's intelligence test for using with American children?

A) Francis Galton
B) David Wechsler
C) Lewis Terman
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 7

A child with a mental age of 10 and a chronological age of 8 would have an IQ of ___,according to Stern.

A) 80
B) 100
C) 125
D) 150

Question 8

According to Stern's measure,an 8-year-old boy with a mental age of 4 would have an IQ of:

A) 2
B) 32
C) 50
D) 80

Question 9

Who among the following men made the two assumptions in his work on intelligence that: mental abilities develop with age,and that the rate of developmental change is relatively constant for a given individual?

A) Sir Francis Galton
B) Lewis Terman
C) Alfred Binet
D) William Stern

Question 10

According to Sir Francis Galton,which of the following was NOT related to intelligence?

A) reaction speed
B) hand strength
C) skull size
D) privileged environment

Question 11

Who among the following early intelligence researchers observed how intelligence appeared to run in certain families and contended that this factor must therefore be largely determined by genetic or biological factors? However,a major shortcoming of this conclusion was that he failed to take the impact of the environment into account.

A) William Stern
B) Alfred Binet
C) Sir Francis Galton
D) Lewis Terman

Question 12

Stern's intelligence quotient was calculated as a(n):

A) ratio of mental age to chronological age.
B) ratio of chronological age to mental age.
C) additive function of mental and chronological age.
D) multiplicative function of mental and chronological age.

Question 13

The first use of the term "intelligence quotient" or IQ is generally attributed to:

A) Alfred Binet.
B) William Stern.
C) Lewis Terman.
D) Sir Francis Galton.

Question 14

Historically,setting the stage for later attempts to measure intelligence and discover its causes was the result of the contributions of __________________ and _______________.

A) Galton;Binet
B) Wundt;James
C) Wundt;Wechsler
D) Terman;Wechsler

Question 15

Alfred Binet would be most likely to endorse which of the following statements about intelligence?

A) The rate at which a person gains knowledge is an internal characteristic of the person and remains relatively constant over time.
B) The rate at which a person gains knowledge is largely determined by the environment.
C) Chronological age is a better measure of intelligence than is mental age.
D) The characteristics of successful people are largely determined by heredity.

Question 16

According to Binet's concept of mental age,if an 8-year-old child could solve problems at the level of the average 10-year-old,the child would be said to have a mental age of:

A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11

Question 17

Who among the following was commissioned by France's Ministry of Public Education to develop the test that was to become the forerunner of all modern intelligence tests?

A) Binet
B) Galton
C) Terman
D) Wechsler

Question 18

By the age 4,based on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence test,a child should be able to:

A) define words such as ball and bat.
B) count up to nine blocks.
C) repeat four digits in reverse order.
D) define words such as muzzle.

Question 19

According to the text,intelligence is best described as a:

A) human trait that can be easily measured,similar to physical characteristics.
B) good mental skill that results in the success in school and at work.
C) socially constructed concept that can mean different things to different people.
D) characteristic that people from some cultures do not possess.

Question 20

Alfred Binet became interested in the intelligence testing as a result of his position in the French _________.

A) Army
B) Foreign Ministry
C) Educational Ministry
D) Royal Family

Question 21

Psychometrics is the:

A) study of the phenomenological sense of space.
B) study of mental abilities.
C) study of divergent thinking.
D) statistical study of psychological tests.

Question 22

An athletic trainer gives five different tests of athleticism to a group of athletes: upper-body weight lifting,lower-body weight lifting,push-ups,sit-ups,and pull-ups.A factor analysis reveals that performance on these tests are all highly correlated with each other and cluster onto one factor.We can conclude that the:

A) tests of athleticism have strong reliability.
B) tests of athleticism have strong validity.
C) five tests are measuring a single athletic ability,which we could call "strength."
D) five tests are measuring five different athletic abilities.

Question 23

Spearman concluded that intellectual performance is determined partly by ____ and partly by whatever ____ abilities might be required to perform that particular task.

A) a g factor;verbal
B) a g factor;performance
C) a g factor;special
D) verbal abilities;performance

Question 24

Today,the most popular individually administered intelligence test is the:

A) Stanford-Binet test.
B) Stern's IQ test.
C) Wechsler scales.
D) Army Beta.

Question 25

Charles Spearman noted that performances on different measures of intelligence are highly correlated with each other.He therefore proposed that:

A) factor analysis is an inappropriate psychometric technique.
B) intelligence cannot be measured by statistical techniques.
C) intelligence is made up of multiple,distinct factors.
D) intelligence is mostly determined by a single factor,which he called the g factor.

Question 26

If you wanted to evaluate whether Binet's and Wechsler's intelligence tests are measuring the same construct,and to evaluate whether questions from the scales clustered with each other,you would likely use the ______________.

A) collective analysis
B) factor analysis
C) experimental analysis
D) meta-analysis

Question 27

One of the first group intelligence tests developed was the Army Alpha by:

A) Terman
B) Binet
C) Otis
D) Wechsler

Question 28

The Army Alpha and Army Beta measured the intelligence of U.S.Army recruits in a(n)________ setting.

A) bilingual
B) combat
C) group
D) individual

Question 29

Researchers who are affiliated with the "cognitive processes approach" to intelligence:

A) argue that intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure.
B) study the specific thought processes that underlie mental abilities.
C) want to determine how many different kinds of mental abilities underlie test performance.
D) are interested in studying the basic structure of the intellect.

Question 30

Charles Spearman's g factor refers to the:

A) general intelligence.
B) reliability for intelligence tests.
C) contribution of genetics to intelligence.
D) multiple intelligence.

Question 31

The Stanford-Binet contained mostly ________ items,and it yielded ______ IQ score(s).

A) performance;multiple
B) verbal;multiple
C) performance;single
D) verbal;single

Question 32

David Wechsler differed from the intelligence researchers before him because he believed that intelligence should be measured by:

A) both verbal and nonverbal measures.
B) the ratio of the person's mental age to his or her chronological age.
C) only nonverbal measures.
D) only verbal measures.

Question 33

The approach to the study of intelligence that attempts to map the structure of the intellect and to discover the kinds of mental competence that underlies test performance is called the __________ approach,whereas the _______ approach studies the specific thought processes that underlie those mental competencies.

A) verbal;nonverbal
B) nonverbal;verbal
C) cognitive process;psychometric
D) psychometric;cognitive process

Question 34

The first Wechsler Intelligence test developed was the ______ followed by the ____.

A) WISC;WAIS
B) WISC;WPPSI
C) WAIS;WISC
D) WAIS;WPPSI

Question 35

Which of the following is defined as the statistical study of psychological tests?

A) Psychometrics
B) Factor analysis
C) Cognitive processes
D) Psychologistics

Question 36

Which of the following individuals has had the largest impact on modern-day tests of IQ?

A) Robert Sternberg
B) Howard Gardner
C) Lewis Terman
D) David Wechsler

Question 37

According to Charles Spearman,a person's ability to do well on a test of mathematical ability and their ability to do well on a test of verbal ability would:

A) come from separate,distinct types of intelligence.
B) both come from a g factor.
C) be uncorrelated with each other.
D) both come from fluid intelligence.

Question 38

Results of factor analyses on intelligence tests have revealed that:

A) although verbal and mathematical factors are distinct,they also share something in common,which has led to the conclusion that there is a general mental ability.
B) verbal and mathematical factors are not distinct from each other,which clearly indicates that there is no general mental ability.
C) verbal and mathematical factors are not distinct from each other,which clearly indicates that there is a general mental ability.
D) intelligence tests are culturally biased.

Question 39

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence test was developed by:

A) Terman
B) Binet
C) Wechsler
D) Galton

Question 40

If multiple tests of intelligence mathematically "hang together" or cluster together,then performance on these tests:

A) reflects the same underlying skill.
B) reflects different abilities.
C) is statistically flawed.
D) is unreliable.

Question 41

L.L.Thurstone believed that intelligence was made up of seven distinct abilities,which he called:

A) IQ.
B) g factors.
C) fluid intelligence.
D) primary mental abilities.

Question 42

Janet recently scored very high on a test of verbal ability.According to Spearman's g factor:

A) Janet is also likely to score high on other tests of intelligence.
B) Janet is likely to score low on the tests of creativity.
C) we cannot determine how Janet will score on other tests of intelligence.
D) Janet is likely to score low on the tests of mathematical ability.

Question 43

Raymond Cattell is most strongly associated with which of the following?

A) the g factor
B) crystallized and fluid intelligence
C) emotional intelligence
D) the intelligence quotient or IQ

Question 44

The data that John B.Carroll used to develop his three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities:

A) were collected in 1993,using new tests to measure cognitive abilities.
B) included measures of cognitive abilities that had never been used before.
C) came from more than 460 studies conducted around the world since 1935.
D) could not be factor-analyzed.

Question 45

All of the following are examples of tests that measure fluid intelligence,EXCEPT:

A) the Tower of Hanoi problem.
B) tests of creative problem solving skills.
C) a vocabulary test.
D) the nine dot problem.

Question 46

Lubinski concluded that the most important dimension uncovered in the study of cognitive abilities to date is(are):

A) the g factor.
B) primary mental abilities.
C) multiple intelligences.
D) verbal abilities.

Question 47

The broad abilities at the second stratum of Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities include basic cognitive functions such as memory and learning,perceptual abilities,and speed of mental functioning.These functions are most similar to:

A) Thurstone's primary mental abilities.
B) Spearman's g factor.
C) Sternberg's triarchic theory.
D) Gardner's multiple intelligences.

Question 48

Over our life span,we progress from using _____ intelligence to depending more on ________ intelligence.

A) crystallized;fluid
B) fluid;crystallized
C) crystallized;verbal
D) fluid;performance

Question 49

Long-term memory contributes strongly to ______ intelligence,whereas _____ intelligence is particularly dependent on efficient working memory.

A) crystallized;fluid
B) fluid;crystallized
C) crystallized;verbal
D) fluid;performance

Question 50

Where _______ was impressed by the fact that scores on different tests correlated,______ was impressed by the fact that the correlations were far from perfect.

A) Guilford;Mayer
B) Mayer;Guilford
C) Spearman;Thurstone
D) Thurstone;Spearman

Question 51

The assertion that intelligence consists of a single general-ability factor was first advanced by:

A) Alfred Binet.
B) Raymond Cattell.
C) L.L.Thurstone.
D) Charles Spearman.

Question 52

The definition of which of the following types of intelligence includes the ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations for which personal experience does not provide a solution?

A) Verbal
B) Crystallized
C) Performance
D) Fluid

Question 53

The ability to apply previously learned knowledge to current problems is called the ____________ intelligence.

A) crystallized
B) fluid
C) psychometric
D) deductive

Question 54

The first stratum of Carroll's three-stratum model contains __________ that feed(s)into the broader second-stratum factors.

A) nearly 70 highly specific cognitive abilities
B) eight broad intellectual factors
C) a g factor
D) emotional intelligences

Question 55

The definition of which of the following types of intelligence includes the ability to apply previously acquired knowledge to current problems?

A) Verbal
B) Crystallized
C) Performance
D) Fluid

Question 56

Thurstone concluded that human mental performance does not depend on ________ but rather on _________ abilities.

A) special abilities;seven distinct
B) a general factor;seven distinct
C) distinct abilities;general
D) seven distinct abilities;general

Question 57

Which of the following types of intelligence is dependent primarily on the efficient functioning of the central nervous system rather than on prior experience and cultural context?

A) Verbal
B) Crystallized
C) Performance
D) Fluid

Question 58

Cattell and Horn made an important distinction between _______ and _______ intelligence.

A) verbal;performance
B) verbal;crystallized
C) performance;fluid
D) fluid;crystallized

Question 59

Which of the following types of intelligence is the basis for expertise?

A) Verbal
B) Crystallized
C) Performance
D) Fluid

Question 60

John B.Carroll developed his three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities in order to:

A) create a completely new way to think about intelligence.
B) synthesize findings from prior research on intelligence.
C) disprove Spearman's theory of a general intelligence (g)factor.
D) support Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities.

Question 61

Which type of intelligence comprises the mental skills needed to deal adaptively with novel problems?

A) Analytical
B) Practical
C) Creative
D) Fluid

Question 62

Which of the following intelligences did Gardner define as the ability to understand and relate well to others?

A) Naturalistic
B) Intrapersonal
C) Interpersonal
D) Bodily-kinesthetic

Question 63

In Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,the higher-order processes used to plan and regulate task performance is/are called:

A) practical intelligence.
B) metacomponents.
C) mental competencies.
D) crystallized intelligence.

Question 64

Gardner's three intelligences that are measured by traditional intelligence tests are linguistic,logical-mathematical,and _________________.

A) interpersonal
B) intrapersonal
C) visuospatial
D) naturalistic

Question 65

Which of the following intelligences did Gardner define as the ability to understand oneself?

A) Naturalistic
B) Intrapersonal
C) Interpersonal
D) Bodily-kinesthetic

Question 66

Which type of intelligence refers to the skills needed to cope with everyday demands and to manage oneself and other people effectively?

A) Analytical
B) Practical
C) Creative
D) Fluid

Question 67

Gardner has considered adding a ninth intelligence,called ________ intelligence,in which individuals have the ability to ponder questions about the meaning of one's existence,life,and death.

A) existential
B) multimedia
C) philosophical
D) spirituality

Question 68

The underlying cognitive processes that execute strategies specified by metacomponents are __________.

A) knowledge-acquisition
B) performance
C) practical
D) fluid

Question 69

Which of the following explores the specific information-processing and cognitive processes that underlie intellectual ability?

A) Steinberg's triarchic theory
B) Metacomponent theory
C) Cognitive process theories
D) Psychometric theories

Question 70

Psychometric theories of intelligence describe ___ people differ from one another;they don't explain ___ people vary in mental skills.

A) why;how
B) how;why
C) why;where
D) where;why

Question 71

The underlying cognitive processes that encode and store information are _________ components.

A) knowledge-acquisition
B) performance
C) practical
D) fluid

Question 72

Which of the following intelligences did Gardner define as the ability to control body movements and skillfully manipulate objects?

A) Naturalistic
B) Intrapersonal
C) Interpersonal
D) Bodily-kinesthetic

Question 73

A critic of Howard Gardner's approach to intelligence would be most likely to question the validity of __________________ intelligence.

A) linguistic
B) visuospatial
C) naturalistic
D) logical-mathematical

Question 74

A highly skilled dancer,athlete,or surgeon exemplifies __________ intelligence.

A) naturalistic
B) intrapersonal
C) interpersonal
D) bodily-kinesthetic

Question 75

In Carroll's integrative model of intelligence,___________ is at the top or the third stratum,whereas _________ is(are)at the second level.

A) general intelligence;fluid and crystallized intelligence
B) fluid intelligence;crystallized intelligence
C) general memory and learning;crystallized intelligence
D) general memory and learning;fluid intelligence

Question 76

Which type of intelligence involves the kinds of academically oriented problem-solving skills measured by traditional intelligence tests?

A) Analytical
B) Practical
C) Creative
D) Fluid

Question 77

Bob is rather gifted socially.He is very good at reading the behavioural cues that people generate and responds effectively to these cues.Bob has many close friends and is generally well liked by those who know him.In addition,Bob is also good at motivating himself and taking care of his personal needs.These qualities suggest that Bob would most likely score highly on a measure of _____________ intelligence.

A) visuospatial
B) mathematical
C) linguistic
D) emotional

Question 78

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,which of the following allows us to learn from our experiences,store information in memory,and combine new insights with previously acquired information?

A) performance components
B) knowledge-acquisition components
C) practical intelligence
D) metacomponents

Question 79

The ability to accurately read and effectively respond to the reactions of other people or yourself is considered to be an essential part of _____________ intelligence.

A) social
B) emotional
C) interpersonal
D) empathic

Question 80

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,the environment may place demands on people that call for three different manifestations of intelligence called:

A) mathematical,linguistic,and visuospatial.
B) musical,bodily-kinesthetic,and personal.
C) crystallized,analytical,and fluid.
D) analytical,practical,and creative.