Deck 21: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

Systemic blood vessels transport blood

A)from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium.
B)from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium.
C)from the right ventricle through the body to the left atrium.
D)from the right ventricle through the body to the right atrium.
E)from the left ventricle to the lungs.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart,travels to a tissue,and then returns to the heart?

A)arteriole,artery,capillary,vein,venule
B)capillary,arteriole,artery,vein,venule
C)artery,arteriole,capillary,venule,vein
D)vein,capillary,artery,arteriole,venule
E)artery,venule,capillary,arteriole,vein

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The lining of a capillary is called the

A)endothelium.
B)adventitia.
C)pericapillary layer.
D)thoroughfare layer.
E)tunica adventitia.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which function does the circulatory system share with the heart?

A)directs blood flow to tissues
B)exchanges nutrients and wastes with cells
C)transports hormones to all areas of the body
D)regulates blood pressure

Question 5

Which of the following organs would be most likely to contain fenestrated capillaries?

A)spleen
B)kidney
C)bone marrow
D)muscle
E)pancreas

Question 6

A direct connection between an arteriole and a venule without an intervening capillary bed is a(an)

A)venous sinus.
B)arteriovenous anastomosis.
C)metarteriole.
D)arterial capillary.

Question 7

Continuous capillaries

A)have many thin areas called fenestrae.
B)are freely permeable to large molecules such as hormones.
C)have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together.
D)are more permeable then fenestrated capillaries but not as permeable as sinusoidal capillaries.
E)are characterized by continuous pores.

Question 8

Which kind of vessel provides a bypass for a capillary bed?

A)sinusoid
B)portal vein
C)thoroughfare channel
D)vasa vasorum
E)metarteriole

Question 9

Which statement about precapillary sphincters is CORRECT?

A)They contract when oxygen levels in the tissue are low.
B)They can close off the capillaries by contracting.
C)They are openings that allow large molecules and blood cells to leave the capillary.
D)When the precapillary sphincters are open,blood flows only through the thoroughfare channels.
E)They are voluntary.

Question 10

Which statement is CORRECT?

A)For an artery and vein of the same diameter,the vein would have a thicker wall.
B)Veins contain valves and arteries do not.
C)Blood pressure is lower in arteries than in veins.
D)When empty,an artery is more likely to be collapsed (flattened)than a vein.
E)Both arteries and veins are under pressure.

Question 11

Precapillary sphincters

A)serve as valves in veins.
B)are found in the tunica media.
C)carry blood under high pressure.
D)control the blood flow into capillary beds.
E)are voluntary structures.

Question 12

Which type of capillary has the largest diameter?

A)sinusoids
B)continuous capillaries
C)sinusoidal capillaries
D)venous sinuses
E)fenestrated capillaries

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a pericapillary cell found in capillaries?

A)macrophages
B)neurons
C)undifferentiated smooth muscle cells
D)fibroblasts

Question 14

In a capillary bed,relaxation of the precapillary sphincter

A)causes more blood flow through thoroughfare channels.
B)causes less blood to flow through capillaries.
C)occurs when the tissue in the area does not need more oxygen.
D)is voluntary.
E)occurs when the tissue in the area needs more oxygen.

Question 15

Capillary walls serve as effective permeability barriers for

A)oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B)electrolytes.
C)glucose.
D)proteins.
E)small water-soluble molecules.

Question 16

The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of

A)veins.
B)arteries.
C)arterioles.
D)capillaries.
E)venules.

Question 17

What structure helps to regulate body temperature?

A)glomus
B)tunic
C)fenestrae
D)metarteriole

Question 18

Which type of capillaries have large fenestrae and are found in endocrine glands?

A)sinusoidal capillaries
B)continuous capillaries
C)fenestrated capillaries
D)sinusoids

Question 19

Blood is moved through the vascular system by

A)valves in the wall of the blood vessels.
B)peristalsis caused by smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls.
C)pressure gradients created by the heart.
D)osmotic pressure.
E)viscosity of the blood.

Question 20

Which of the following enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces?

A)the thinness of the capillary wall
B)minimal branching in the capillary bed
C)increased blood velocity through the capillaries
D)the high pressure in the interstitial spaces
E)the stratification of the capillary wall

Question 21

When contrasting arteries and veins,which of the following statements is true?

A)Veins have thicker walls than arteries.
B)Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins.
C)Veins have a tunica media while arteries do not.
D)Arteries have valves,but veins do not.
E)Arteries have smooth muscle in their walls,but veins do not.

Question 22

Which of the following functions is associated with vessels that carry blood directly from arterioles to veins without passing through capillaries?

A)thermoregulation
B)nutrient supply to tissues
C)removal of metabolic waste products from tissues
D)oxygen supply to tissues
E)pH regulation

Question 23

Which of the following statements concerning blood vessel walls is true?

A)The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall.
B)The tunica media is found in all blood vessels except veins.
C)The tunica adventitia is composed of smooth muscle and endothelium.
D)Capillaries have both a tunica intima and a tunica media.
E)Vessel diameter is controlled primarily by the tunica intima.

Question 24

Sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate blood vessel walls are found primarily in the

A)tunica intima.
B)tunica media.
C)tunica adventitia.
D)tunica externa.
E)tunica interna.

Question 25

The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or artery because

A)the capillary wall has only two tunics.
B)capillaries have more smooth muscle.
C)capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane.
D)capillaries can constrict or dilate.
E)capillaries are impermeable to all substances.

Question 26

Arteries can constrict or dilate as needed because of the smooth muscle found in the

A)tunica intima.
B)tunica media.
C)tunica adventitia.
D)tunica externa.
E)tunica interna.

Question 27

Arteriosclerosis is characterized by

A)a thickening of the tunica adventitia.
B)increased elasticity of the tunica media.
C)decreased resistance to blood flow.
D)an enlargement of the lumen of the vessel.
E)thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media.

Question 28

Atherosclerosis is the

A)hypertrophy of the tunica intima.
B)stretching of arterial walls.
C)inflammation of veins.
D)deposition of plaques in arterial walls.

Question 29

In the pulmonary circulation,the _____ carry blood to the lungs.

A)carotid sinuses
B)pulmonary arteries
C)coronary arteries
D)superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
E)aorta

Question 30

Which coat of an artery contains endothelium?

A)tunica intima
B)tunica media
C)tunica adventitia
D)tunica elastica
E)tunica intermedia

Question 31

The blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure are the

A)arterioles.
B)capillaries.
C)elastic arteries.
D)veins.
E)venules.

Question 32

Valves similar to the semilunar valves of the heart are found in medium and large

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 33

The vasa vasorum

A)are incompetent valves in the large veins.
B)are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins.
C)are the blood vessels that supply blood to the vas deferens.
D)are blood vessels that directly connect arteries to veins.
E)supply blood to skeletal muscle.

Question 34

Distributing arteries

A)contain a lot of elastic tissue.
B)contain a thick tunica media.
C)are strong,rigid vessels.
D)transport blood from arterioles to capillaries.
E)do not contain smooth muscle in their walls.

Question 35

The first blood vessels that branch from the ascending aorta are the

A)coronary arteries.
B)brachiocephalic arteries.
C)common carotid arteries.
D)subclavian arteries.
E)pulmonary arteries.

Question 36

Veins

A)carry blood away from the heart.
B)carry blood under very high pressure.
C)may contain valves and are lined with endothelium.
D)are described as strong,rigid vessels that always carry oxygenated blood.
E)have thick,many layered walls.

Question 37

Which type of veins connect two primary capillary networks?

A)portal veins
B)venous sinuses
C)venules
D)vaso vasorum

Question 38

Which of the following best describes arteries?

A)strong,rigid vessels that carry blood under high pressure
B)thin,elastic vessels that transport blood under low pressure
C)elastic vessels that connect arterioles and venules
D)fragile vessels that are prone to rupture.
E)strong,elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure

Question 39

Systemic circulation

A)carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
B)includes all arteries but the veins are part of the pulmonary circulation pathway.
C)includes the aorta and all of its branches.
D)ends in capillaries of the toes.
E)includes blood flow to the body,but not the brain.

Question 40

From the heart to body tissues,which of the following sequences of vessels is correct?

A)muscular artery,arteriole,elastic artery,capillary
B)arteriole,muscular artery,elastic artery,capillary
C)elastic artery,muscular artery,arteriole,capillary
D)elastic artery,arteriole,muscular artery,capillary
E)distributing artery,muscular artery,medium artery,capillary

Question 41

A thrombus in the first branch (not including coronary arteries)off of the aortic arch might affect the flow of blood to which of the following structures?

A)right arm
B)right side of the brain
C)left side of the brain
D)left arm
E)both the right arm and the right side of the brain

Question 42

One of the best ways to determine the adequacy of peripheral circulation is to check the pedal pulses.To check the pedal pulse you would check the pulse in the

A)ankle.
B)wrist.
C)groin.
D)neck.
E)foot.

Question 43

What artery supplies the small intestine,cecum,ascending colon,and transverse colon?

A)inferior phrenic artery
B)lumbar artery
C)superior mesenteric artery
D)inferior mesenteric artery

Question 44

The posterior tibial artery is a continuation of the

A)popliteal artery.
B)femoral artery.
C)iliac artery.
D)peroneal artery.
E)fibular artery

Question 45

The visceral branches of the internal iliac arteries supply blood to the

A)external genitalia.
B)urinary bladder,rectum,and reproductive organs.
C)lower leg.
D)anterior abdominal wall.
E)lumbar and gluteal muscles.

Question 46

Which of the following thoracic organs is supplied by a parietal branch of the thoracic aorta?

A)the heart
B)the lungs
C)the esophagus
D)the intercostal muscles
E)the thymus gland

Question 47

Tracing the blood from the heart to the right hand,blood leaves the heart,passes through the ascending aorta,aortic arch,right subclavian artery,axillary and brachial arteries,either the radial or ulnar arteries and palmar arches to arrive at the hand.Which artery is missing in this sequence?

A)cephalic
B)jugular
C)brachiocephalic
D)right common carotid
E)left subclavian artery

Question 48

A thrombus in the second branch (not including coronary arteries)off of the aortic arch would affect the flow of blood to the

A)left side of the head and neck.
B)myocardium of the heart.
C)right side of the head and neck and right upper extremity.
D)left upper extremity.
E)right arm.

Question 49

The three major arteries of the upper limb that form a continuum are the

A)brachial,radial,and ulnar arteries.
B)brachial,axillary,and radial arteries.
C)subclavian,axillary,and radial arteries.
D)subclavian,axillary,and brachial arteries.
E)cephalic,basilic,and brachial arteries

Question 50

The venous sinuses in the cranial cavity drain blood into the

A)cephalic vein.
B)internal jugular vein.
C)internal carotid vein.
D)brachiocephalic vein.
E)carotid artery.

Question 51

Which of the following arteries is part of a circulatory pathway to the brain?

A)radial artery
B)cephalic artery
C)internal carotid artery
D)external jugular vein
E)axillary artery

Question 52

The anterior tibial artery becomes the

A)posterior tibial artery.
B)dorsalis pedis artery.
C)femoral artery.
D)plantar artery.
E)fibular artery.

Question 53

Which of the following arteries sends branches to the stomach and liver?

A)celiac artery
B)superior mesenteric artery
C)inferior mesenteric artery
D)renal artery
E)splenic artery

Question 54

The kidneys are supplied by the

A)renal arteries.
B)suprarenal arteries.
C)lumbar arteries.
D)inferior mesenteric arteries.

Question 55

Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aortic arch?

A)brachiocephalic artery
B)coronary artery
C)pulmonary artery
D)right subclavian artery
E)right common carotid artery

Question 56

An obstruction in the inferior vena cava would hamper the return of blood from the

A)head and neck.
B)upper extremities.
C)lungs.
D)abdomen,pelvis,and lower limbs.
E)heart.

Question 57

Which of the following blood vessels supplies blood to the diaphragm?

A)axillary artery
B)intercostal artery
C)superior phrenic artery
D)inferior mesenteric artery
E)gastric artery

Question 58

The abdominal aorta divides at L5 to form the two

A)inferior mesenteric arteries.
B)common iliac arteries.
C)superior mesenteric arteries.
D)femoral arteries.
E)renal arteries.

Question 59

Veins that return blood directly to the heart include the

A)brachiocephalic vein.
B)superior vena cava.
C)portal vein.
D)azygos vein.
E)pulmonary arteries.

Question 60

Which of the following arteries is not part of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)?

A)anterior communicating artery
B)posterior cerebellar artery
C)posterior communicating artery
D)anterior cerebral artery
E)internal carotid artery

Question 61

Which of the following veins is a superficial vein?

A)brachial vein
B)basilic vein
C)radial vein
D)subclavian vein
E)ulnar vein

Question 62

As the popliteal vein ascends the leg,it becomes the

A)peroneal vein.
B)saphenous vein.
C)common iliac vein.
D)femoral vein.
E)deep femoral vein.

Question 63

The _____ begins with capillaries in the abdominal viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver.

A)superior mesenteric system
B)celiac system
C)hepatic portal system
D)hepatic vein
E)splenic system

Question 64

Blood pressure is the

A)product of the stroke volume times heart rate.
B)number of layers of blood in laminar flow models.
C)measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls.
D)viscosity of the blood and resistance to blood flow.
E)measure of the volume of the blood.

Question 65

A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would

A)indicate a diastolic pressure of 120 mm Hg.
B)have Korotkoff sounds at pressures above 120 mm Hg.
C)indicate a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg.
D)indicate a systolic pressure of 80 mm Hg.
E)would be considered hypertensive.

Question 66

The hepatic portal system

A)begins and ends with capillary beds.
B)transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver.
C)allows the liver to detoxify substances entering the body through the digestive tract.
D)has no pumping mechanism between the capillary beds.
E)All of these choice are correct.

Question 67

Blood from the posterior abdominal wall drains into the

A)hepatic portal vein.
B)inferior vena cava.
C)ascending lumbar veins.
D)mesenteric vein.
E)hepatic vein.

Question 68

Which of the following veins is NOT involved in draining blood from the arm?

A)brachial vein
B)basilic vein
C)cephalic vein
D)median cubital vein

Question 69

The longest vein in the body is the

A)superior vena cava.
B)inferior vena cava.
C)hepatic portal vein.
D)great saphenous vein.
E)femoral vein.

Question 70

The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure

A)relies on the insertion of a cannula into the vessel in which pressure is being measured.
B)monitors the oscillations in the blood vessel during changes in pressure.
C)involves an electronic transducer attached to a mercury manometer.
D)relies on hearing Korotkoff sounds through a stethoscope.
E)relies on hearing the sounds made by laminar flow of the blood.

Question 71

The azygos vein drains blood from the _____ into the superior vena cava.

A)head
B)upper arm
C)kidneys
D)thorax
E)abdominal wall

Question 72

Which vein drains blood from the left side of the thorax and esophagus into the left brachiocephalic vein?

A)hemiazygos vein
B)left azygos vein
C)internal thoracic vein
D)accessory hemiazygos vein

Question 73

The velocity of blood flow inside a blood vessel

A)is equal to the blood pressure.
B)is faster in the center of the blood vessel.
C)is most rapid at a bend or turn in the vessel.
D)increases along the walls of the blood vessel.
E)is more rapid along the sides of the vessel.

Question 74

Which of the following sequences is correct?

A)external iliac vein,internal iliac vein,common iliac vein
B)liver sinusoid,central vein,hepatic vein
C)superior vena cava,azygos vein,posterior intercostal vein
D)fibular vein,femoral vein,popliteal vein
E)hepatic vein,hepatic portal system,inferior vena cava

Question 75

Which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true?

A)The innermost layer of blood moves at the lowest velocity.
B)Laminar blood flow occurs when blood flows past an area of constriction.
C)The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow.
D)In laminar blood flow,the rapid rate of blood flow exceeds critical velocity.
E)It makes lots of different noises.

Question 76

Which vessel is often used to draw blood from a patient?

A)radial vein
B)brachial artery
C)median cubital vein
D)cephalic vein

Question 77

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic vein and the

A)superior mesenteric vein.
B)inferior mesenteric vein.
C)hepatic vein.
D)renal vein.
E)gastric vein.

Question 78

Which of the following are components of the hepatic portal system?

A)azygos vein
B)inferior vena cava
C)gastric vein
D)inferior mesenteric vein
E)both the gastric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein

Question 79

A vein responsible for draining blood from the upper limb is the

A)azygos vein.
B)portal vein.
C)cephalic vein.
D)peroneal vein.
E)common iliac vein.

Question 80

The internal jugular veins join the subclavian veins to form the

A)superior vena cavae.
B)axillary veins.
C)brachiocephalic veins.
D)azygos veins.
E)external jugular veins.