Deck 3: Activists As Claimsmakers

Question 1

Frame bridging is when

A)claimsmakers seek common ground through which they can connect frames that are very different from one another.
B)a new frame becomes more popular than an older, more established frame.
C)a new frame is less popular because an older frame is seen as more reliable.d.a new frame gains acceptance by drawing supporters whose values already support that frame.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a countermovement?

A)students lobbying to ban sweatshop-produced garments from the school store
B)anti-immigrationists lobbying to build a wall between the United States and Mexico
C)members of a community lobbying to protect a law that bans lawn ornaments
D)activists who would like to see abortion banned
E)all of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Frame amplification relies on __________ to draw supporters.

A)the power of widely held values or beliefs
B)extensive media coverage
C)celebrity endorsements
D)word of mouth
E)all of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A master frame is

A)the frame that is at the center of a movement.
B)an overarching orientation that is easily adapted to help in framing many different issues.
C)the most dominant claim in any given era.d.a claim that is so powerfully persuasive that countermovements almost always fail.
E)c and d only

Question 5

When social movement scholars discuss motivational frames, they are discussing what constructionists call

A)grounds.
C)conclusions.
B)warrants.
D)positions.

Question 6

The polity consists of

A)the group of politicians with the most power.
B)groups in a society with whose interests policymakers are typically concerned.
C)claimsmakers who try to influence political parties.
D)claimsmakers who try to predict the claims to which politicians are likely to respond.e.all of the above
F)c and d only

Question 7

Frames typically reflect

A)the way in which activists view the world.
B)the claims that activists predict supporters are most likely to respond.
C)the most accurate portrayal possible of actual events.
D)a combination of a and b.

Question 8

Vegetarian activists emphasizing both the immorality of eating animals and the environmental and health implications of eating meat is an example of

A)frame amplification.
C)frame transformation.
B)frame extension.
D)frame bridging.

Question 9

Moderates typically appeal to

A)the middle class.
B)those with little invested in the current system.
C)older people.d.all of the above
E)a and c only

Question 10

In your text, the discussion of women's and children's victimization illustrates that

A)some frames work better than others.
B)successful movements typically have one common frame.
C)movements often include many different frames.
D)it is very difficult to develop an effective frame for certain issues.
E)all of the above

Question 11

It is argued in your text that people often resist social movements because

A)of inertia.
B)of fear of the unknown.
C)they benefit from the existing arrangement.
D)movements take up too much time and energy.
E)a and c only

Question 12

Conscience constituents are people who support a movement

A)from which they do not expect to benefit personally.
B)because they feel some sense of guilt or responsibility for the situation.
C)that they believe will help others like themselves.
D)because they like being involved in movements.
E)all of the above
F)a and b only

Question 13

The term resource mobilization refers to a way of looking at a social movement that focuses on the

A)way societal resources are framed.
B)extent to which movements draw resources away from certain societal needs and toward others.
C)importance of resources, such as members, money, and organizational skills.
D)extent to which the public is willing to mobilize in support of a given issue.

Question 14

Many modern social movements have shifted their goals from __________ to __________.

A)raising money; political lobbying
B)political lobbying; mobilizing people to action
C)mobilizing people to action; raising money
D)careful framing of issues; mobilizing people to action

Question 15

__________ often have the most direct access to policymakers.

A)Secondary claimsmakers
C)Outsider claimsmakers
B)Insider claimsmakers
D)Social movements

Question 16

Most social movements

A)focus on appealing to one large group, such as moderates or radicals.
B)have both moderate and radical wings that appeal to different groups.
C)experience frame disputes.
D)attempt to frame issues in ways that decrease internal conflict.
E)all of the above
F)b and c only

Question 17

The type of frame alignment that poses the greatest challenge for claimsmakers is

A)frame amplification.
C)frame transformation.
B)frame extension.
D)frame bridging.

Question 18

The need to mobilize resources tends to make organizations within the same social movement

A)competitors for scarce resources.
C)difficult to tell apart.
B)natural allies.
D)all of the above

Question 19

Frame alignment is the way

A)claimsmakers must get others to adopt their frame in order to recruit members.
B)different social movement organizations typically adopt one shared frame.
C)claimsmakers typically mold their frame to match that of the dominant political party.
D)the different elements of a frame are carefully constructed to match elements of other popular frames.
E)none of the above

Question 20

The term cultural opportunities refers to a situation where

A)the members of a specific group share a culture that makes them likely to become active in a movement.
B)the culture of a given social movement organization is particularly energizing.
C)there is something in the larger culture that causes people to become more aware of or sympathetic to a particular type of claim.
D)a cultural shift creates more resources that can be allocated to social movement activities.

Question 21

In order to maintain ownership, a claimsmaker typically needs to

A)define the problem broadly.
B)maintain public attention to the problem.
C)be willing to shift her or his focus to respond to political and cultural change.d.all of the above
E)b and c only

Question 22

Illustrated in your text is a basic principle of resource mobilization that describes the various strategies employed by different civil rights groups in the 1960s. Describe the principle demonstrated and how the civil rights groups exemplify it.

Question 23

Someone claiming ownership of an issue tends to

A)help the issue gain and maintain public attention.
B)help the career of whoever claims ownership.
C)raise public suspicions that activists are benefiting from the problem.
D)all of the above
E)a and b only

Question 24

Some people would say that the events of September 11, 2001, created a political opportunity for many social movement organizations. Explain what a political opportunity is, name one group that benefited from this opportunity, and describe how the group benefited.

Question 25

Choose any social problem and provide examples of how supporters of claims surrounding this problem can be recruited, using each of the four types of frame alignments. Be sure to clearly list and define each alignment.

Question 26

Activists who have established ownership of a particular problem typically

A)have a frame that is generally acknowledged as the best way to look at the issue.
B)are sought out by the media and politicians when there are questions about the problem.
C)are better situated than other claimsmakers to take advantage of opportunity structures.
D)influence the way others approach the problem.
E)all of the above

Question 27

It is suggested in your text that there are certain moments when it might be logical for a particular movement to go into a period of abeyance. How might a movement determine when to enter such a period and when to exit it?

Question 28

Discuss why and how direct-mail techniques have become an important part of social movement organizations.

Question 29

Social movement organizations with more resources are able to get their message out more easily for a variety of reasons. Describe at least three ways that resources are useful to these organizations.