Deck 3: Studying People

Question 1

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Experiments in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Answer 1

Laboratory experiments

Question 2

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Answer 2

Internal Review Boards

Question 3

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Experiments that take place in people's everyday environments.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Answer 3

Field experiments

Question 4

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ When a study yields the same results using the same techniques and data.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 5

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Semistructured interviews with small groups of people.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 6

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 7

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 8

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A sample in which any available person is included in the study.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 9

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 10

Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

-____ A series of related questions.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 11

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Participants of an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 12

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 13

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semistructured series of questions.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 14

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ How valid or truthful the findings of the study are.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 15

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 16

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 17

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 18

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 19

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Participants of an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 20

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 21

Focus groups generally have more than 20 people in them.

Question 22

Research conducted by interviews, participant observations and ethnographies is referred to as what kind of research?

A) quantitative
B) qualitative
C) breeching
D) experimental

Question 23

At what step in the research process does the researcher employ library and other resources and conduct a literature review?

A) step 1
B) step 2
C) step 3
D) step 4

Question 24

Samantha started a research project predicting that men would be more supportive of using military forces to go to war than women. In this case, attitudes toward going to war is what kind of variable?

A) index
B) scale
C) independent variable
D) dependent variable

Question 25

At what step in the research process does the researcher actually go out and collect data?

A) step 1
B) step 2
C) step 3
D) step 4

Question 26

An instructor asks you to develop a study of the homeless that will provide a great deal of depth into what it is like to be homeless. Given this mandate, which of the following methods would most likely give the information you need for such a project?

A) ethnography
B) focus group
C) survey
D) experiment

Question 27

Which of the following methods is MOST likely to show causation?

A) ethnography
B) focus group
C) survey
D) experiment

Question 28

The research technique called "autoethnograpy" is associated with which social psychological perspective?

A) symbolic interaction
B) social structure and personality
C) group processes
D) structural functionalism

Question 29

Sociologists often employ rats and other animals in their research to represent human interactions and behaviors.

Question 30

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Variables for which response categories are ordered but the distances between adjacent categories are not necessarily equal.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 31

In preparing for a survey of country club members, Donella asked the manager of the club for a list of members. This list refers to:

A) a random sample.
B) a probability sample.
C) a sample list
D) a sampling frame.

Question 32

Humphries' research on the "tearoom trade" was considered controversial because:

A) he did not use a representative sample.
B) he studied a controversial topic of homosexuality in public places.
C) he placed his subjects at risk of humiliation and hardship.
D) both a and c

Question 33

You are studying student attitudes toward tobacco and alcohol consumption using a series of items in which respondents were asked to respond using categories ranging from 1 'Strongly agree' to 4 'Strongly disagree'. These items represent which type of variable?

A) ordinal
B) interval
C) ratio
D) categorical

Question 34

Which of the following types of samples is considered most representative of any given population?

A) random sample
B) convenience sample
C) snowball sample
D) both b and c

Question 35

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ Translating a concept into something that can be measured.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 36

An instructor developed a study to determine ways of producing more participation in his classes. In one class she provided free donuts everyday of class while in another she gave them nothing. She had her assistant takes notes on the number of comments and questions students made in each class. Which of these classes represent the control group?

A) The class not given the donuts.
B) The class given the donuts.
C) Other classes that are not part of the experiment.
D) Both classes would be considered the control group.

Question 37

Age is what kind of variable?

A) ordinal
B) interval
C) ratio
D) categorical

Question 38

Indices and scales are the same concepts.

Question 39

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
____ A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment.

A)Experiment
B)Indices
C)Operationalize
D)Posttest
E)Field Research
F)Participant observation
G)Independent Variable
H)Dependent Variable
I)Laboratory experiments
J)Field experiments
K)Control group
L)Population
M)Ethnography
N)Interval variables
O)Internal Review Boards
P)Hypotheses
Q)In-depth interviews
R)Experimental Group
S)Ordinal variables
T)Focus Groups
U)Convenience Sample
V)Reliability
W)Validity

Question 40

How are social theories and hypothesis related to one another?

A) Theories include general statements about social relationships while hypotheses are more specific statements about how variables will relate to one another.
B) Theories are an extension of hypotheses.
C) Theories are used to develop hypotheses.
D) both a and c

Question 41

Quantitative research includes all of the following except:

A) experiments
B) interviews
C) surveys
D) data analysis

Question 42

A researcher wants to explore the connection between college campus drinking and sexual assault nation-wide. The most effective method of measurement would be:

A) interviews
B) controlled experiments
C) surveys
D) none of the above

Question 43

Social scientists must always be concerned with ___________ and ___________ to accurately capture the phenomena in questions.

A) truth and reliability
B) reliability and validity
C) truth and validity
D) probability and validity

Question 44

Read the following vignette and answer the subsequent questions to the best of your ability.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society. She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss the reasons for committing suicide, the personal and social conditions that led to their decision to commit the act. In the second project, she examined another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S. citizens. Her first set of analysis found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who thought about committing suicide never made any attempt to do so. She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event, such as a job loss or divorce, were more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Which of the projects would probably be most useful for gaining deeper insights into the processes associated with deciding to commit suicide? Which is more representative of American's experience with suicide decisions?

A) project 1; project 2
B) project 2; project 1
C) they are both equally insightful and representative
D) neither are terribly insightful or representative

Question 45

Read the following vignette and answer the subsequent questions to the best of your ability.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society. She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss the reasons for committing suicide, the personal and social conditions that led to their decision to commit the act. In the second project, she examined another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S. citizens. Her first set of analysis found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who thought about committing suicide never made any attempt to do so. She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event, such as a job loss or divorce, were more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Which method was employed in the first project? The second?

A) in-depth interviews; ethnography
B) in-depth interviews; experiment
C) in-depth interviews; secondary data analysis
D) field methods; secondary data analysis

Question 46

Read the following vignette and answer the subsequent questions to the best of your ability.
A sociologist is interested in studying the causes of suicide in society. She begins her research by developing a project in which she asks suicide survivors to discuss the reasons for committing suicide, the personal and social conditions that led to their decision to commit the act. In the second project, she examined another researcher's survey data from a national sample of U.S. citizens. Her first set of analysis found that depression is associated with the desire to commit suicide but many people who thought about committing suicide never made any attempt to do so. She also found that people who have experienced a stressful life event, such as a job loss or divorce, were more likely to report the desire to commit suicide.
Overall, this project best exemplifies which of the following research techniques?

A) survey methods
B) experiments
C) field methods
D) mixed-method