Deck 9: Symbolic Interactionism

Question 1

Pragmatists claim _____.

A) individuals mostly remember things that are useful to them
B) reality exist in our minds, it is not "out there" or external to individuals
C) society as opposed to people define social and physical objects
D) actors can only be understood through their thoughts

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to George Herbert Mead, _____ is a social process that is often thought to be an intracranial part of people, but in actuality is more oriented towards community.

A) intelligence
B) consciousness
C) the mind
D) the self

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Pragmatists claim _____.

A) individuals do not actually remember things that are the most useful to them because they become embedded in the subconscious, not the conscious mind
B) reality cannot exist in our minds, it is "out there" or external to individuals
C) society as opposed to people define social and physical objects
D) actors can only be understood through their thoughts

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Social behaviorists like George Herbert Mead challenge radical behaviorists' _____.

A) focus on observable behaviors
B) passive conceptualization of actors
C) prioritizing of covert thoughts over overt thinking
D) assumption that human and animal behaviors are largely the same

Question 5

Social behaviorists like George Herbert Mead challenge the ways radical behaviorists' _____.

A) ignoring of observable behaviors
B) overly-active conceptualization of actors
C) inability to explain individual responses to stimuli
D) assumption that human and animal behaviors are largely the same

Question 6

Pragmatists claim _____.

A) individuals do not actually remember things that are the most useful to them because they become embedded in the subconscious, not the conscious mind
B) reality exist in our minds, it is not "out there" or external to individuals
C) society as opposed to people define social and physical objects
D) actors can only be understood through their actions

Question 7

Social behaviorists like George Herbert Mead challenge radical behaviorists' _____. Select all, but only those that apply.

A) focus on observable behaviors
B) passive conceptualization of actors
C) focus on stimuli and response
D) assumption that human and animal behaviors are largely the same

Question 8

According to Charles Morris, which of following is a key difference between George Herbert Mead and John B. Watson? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) Mead claimed Watson was unwilling to consider how behavior was a mental process.
B) Mead focuses on overt behavior whereas Watson focuses on covert behavior.
C) Mead thought Watson had a simplistic view of behavior because he did not consider the social context.
D) Mead argued because he rejected the mind, Watson saw people as little more than puppets.

Question 9

According to George Herbert Mead, _____ is an object that grows out of subjective perceptions.

A) intelligence
B) consciousness
C) the mind
D) the self

Question 10

According to George Herbert Mead, the _____ is an abstracted individual that embodies the expectations of our community and society more generally that is useful to relatively assess the self.

A) the generalized other
B) the I
C) the me
D) the looking-glass self

Question 11

Social behaviorists like George Herbert Mead challenge the ways radical behaviorists' _____.

A) ignoring of observable behaviors
B) overly-active conceptualization of actors
C) focus on stimuli and response
D) assumption that human and animal behaviors are largely different

Question 12

Which of the following aspects of pragmatism is critically important for symbolic interactionism?

A) The interactions between actors and the world.
B) The world and the actors within it are dynamic processes as opposed to static structures.
C) Actors have an ability to interpret the social world.
D) The mind is a structure or a thing.

Question 13

Herbert Blumer thought _____ incorrectly reduced behavior to nothing more than responses to external stimulus, including large-scale structures and forces. Select all, but only those apply.

A) social behavioralists
B) racial behavioralists
C) structuralists
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 14

Social behaviorists like George Herbert Mead challenge the ways radical behaviorists' _____.

A) ignoring of observable behaviors
B) passive conceptualization of actors
C) inability to explain individual responses to stimuli
D) assumption that human and animal behaviors are largely different

Question 15

Pragmatists claim _____.

A) individuals do not actually remember things that are the most useful to them because they become embedded in the subconscious, not the conscious mind
B) reality exist in our minds, it is not "out there" or external to individuals
C) people define social and physical objects in useful ways
D) actors can only be understood through their thoughts

Question 16

Pragmatists claim _____. Select all, but only those that apply.

A) individuals mostly remember things that are useful to them
B) reality cannot exist in our minds, it is "out there" or external to individuals
C) people define social and physical objects in useful ways
D) actors can only be understood through their actions

Question 17

According to George Herbert Mead, the _____ is the socially conscious part of the self that is other presented to others as is the most in-line with social and community expectations.

A) the generalized other
B) the I
C) the me
D) the looking-glass self

Question 18

Herbert Blumer thought _____ incorrectly reduced behavior to nothing more than responses to external stimulus, including large-scale structures and forces. Select all, but only those apply.

A) social behavioralists
B) racial behavioralists
C) structuralists
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 19

Social behaviorists like George Herbert Mead challenge the ways radical behaviorists' _____.

A) focus on observable behaviors
B) overly-active conceptualization of actors
C) inability to explain individual responses to stimuli
D) assumption that human and animal behaviors are largely different

Question 20

According to George Herbert Mead, the _____ is the active and creative part of the self.

A) the generalized other
B) the I
C) the me
D) the looking-glass self

Question 21

Which basic principle of symbolic interaction outlines how people assess meanings prior to selecting a course of action?

A) Thinking and Interaction
B) Learning Meanings and Symbols
C) Action and Interaction
D) Making Choices

Question 22

Which of the following dramaturgical concepts did Ervin Goffman use to describe the demeanor actor use to show others why type of role they are playing?

A) Front
B) Setting
C) Appearance
D) Manner
E) Backstage

Question 23

Which of the following dramaturgical concepts did Ervin Goffman use to describe the usually public parts of an interaction that unfold in a largely scripted way?

A) Front
B) Setting
C) Appearance
D) Manner
E) Backstage

Question 24

Ervin Goffman used the concept of _____ to describe the distance between who a person is and what a person ought to be.

A) impression management
B) stigma
C) dramaturgy
D) frame analysis

Question 25

Which of the following dramaturgical concepts did Ervin Goffman use to describe the aspects of interactions we conceal from others?

A) Front
B) Setting
C) Appearance
D) Manner
E) Backstage

Question 26

According to Herbert Blumer, which of the following require thinking?

A) Gestures
B) Unit Acts
C) Nonsymbolic Interaction
D) Symbolic Interaction

Question 27

Which of the following principle(s) did Sheldon Stryker develop to better orient symbolic interaction with macro-level sociology? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) The names and classifications that human action requires are learned through interaction.
B) Symbols used to designate social positions and roles are important.
C) Social structures pattern behavior but they do not determine it.
D) People self-categorize themselves in position that has symbolic meanings.

Question 28

According to symbolic interactionists, symbols _____. Select all, but only those apply.

A) help us put order in a world that would otherwise be confusing
B) improve our ability to make sense of an abundant mass of stimuli
C) increase our ability to think abstract and solve problems.
D) enable us to transcend time and space

Question 29

Which of the following principle(s) did Sheldon Stryker develop to better orient symbolic interaction with macro-level sociology? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) During interactions our definitions of situations, other participants and themselves organize behavior
B) Social behavior is not determined by meaning as we can partially make social roles; although the meaning of social roles does constrain social behavior
C) The social structure limits how much social roles can be made
D) Social change occurs through the making and remaking of social roles

Question 30

Which basic principle of symbolic interaction outlines how people create macro-level structures through their joint actions with each other?

A) Thinking and Interaction
B) Groups and Societies
C) Action and Interaction
D) Making Choices

Question 31

Which basic principle of symbolic interaction outlines how our thinking is refined through the interactions we have which in a way, serve as a form of socialization?

A) Capacity for Thought
B) Thinking and Interaction
C) Action and Interaction
D) Making Choices

Question 32

Ervin Goffman used the concept of _____ to describe the distance between people as they are and they person they play as if a character on a stage.

A) dramaturgy
B) impression management
C) role distancing
D) frame analysis

Question 33

Ervin Goffman used the concept of _____ to describe how social life unfolds much like a staged play.

A) impression management
B) role distancing
C) frame analysis
D) dramaturgy

Question 34

Which basic principle of symbolic interaction outlines how meaning exchanges and interpretation gives social action and interaction its distinctly human character?

A) Thinking and Interaction
B) Learning Meanings and Symbols
C) Action and Interaction
D) Making Choices

Question 35

Herbert Blumer differentiates between what types of objects? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) Physical objects
B) Social objects
C) Abstract objects
D) Symbolic objects

Question 36

Ervin Goffman used the concept of _____ to describe how sociologists could study the ways people perceive and understand their place in social reality.

A) impression management
B) dramaturgy
C) frame analysis
D) stigma

Question 37

Which basic principle of symbolic interaction outlines how we can only learn the abstract meaning of symbols through our interactions with others?

A) Thinking and Interaction
B) Learning Meanings and Symbols
C) Action and Interaction
D) Making Choices

Question 38

Which of the following dramaturgical concepts did Ervin Goffman use to describe the physical scene where actors perform?

A) Front
B) Setting
C) Appearance
D) Manner
E) Backstage

Question 39

Ervin Goffman used the concept of _____ to describe how individuals present themselves in favorable ways.

A) impression management
B) dramaturgy
C) frame analysis
D) role distancing

Question 40

Which basic principle of symbolic interaction outlines how unlike animals, because people are socialized they have the ability to critical reflect before acting.

A) Capacity for Thought
B) Learning Meanings and Symbols
C) Action and Interaction
D) Making Choices

Question 41

How does the emotion of shame mediate social bonds? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) Shame moderates the biological response.
B) Shame forces people to both recognize and experience their transgressions.
C) Shame indicates how troubled relationships are in need of repair.
D) Shame regulates the expression of other emotion including fear, anger and love

Question 42

According to Ervin Goffman, what do we conceal from others? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) Secret pleasures
B) Errors and steps to correct those errors
C) The process to create end products, especially the "dirty work"
D) Sliding standards to that enable other standards to rise
E) Insults and humiliations

Question 43

According to Arlie Hochschild, which of the following is entailed in emotion management?

A) People experience appropriate emotions even when unaware of what those socially expected feelings are.
B) People accept they cannot control the conditions that arouse feelings.
C) People forget past emotions.
D) People deeply feel socially appropriate emotions.

Question 44

What is a critique levied at symbolic interaction?

A) Symbolic interactionists are overly committed to positivistic social science.
B) Symbolic interactionists' overly specific concepts cannot explain our abstract reality.
C) Symbolic Interactionist ignore the micro level.
D) Symbolic Interactionists ignore psychological or the intrapersonal aspects of people.

Question 45

Radical behaviorists focus on covert behaviors.

Question 46

According to Arlie Hochschild, which of the following is entailed in emotion management?

A) People experience appropriate emotions even when unaware of what those socially expected feelings are.
B) People create the social conditions that arouse feelings.
C) People forget past emotions.
D) People surface act even when they do not deeply feel appropriate emotions.

Question 47

What is a critique levied at symbolic interaction? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) Symbolic Interactionist have too readily given up on conventional social science techniques.
B) Symbolic interaction is fraught with ambiguous concepts.
C) Symbolic Interactionist ignore the macro level.
D) Symbolic Interactionists ignore psychological or the intrapersonal aspects of people.

Question 48

A basic principle of symbolic interaction is that humans assess the relative advantages and disadvantages of different courses of action.

Question 49

What is a critique levied at symbolic interaction?

A) Symbolic interactionists are overly committed to positivistic social science.
B) Symbolic interaction is fraught with ambiguous concepts.
C) Symbolic Interactionist ignore the micro level.
D) Symbolic Interactionists are overly focused on the psychological or the intrapersonal aspects of people.

Question 50

Irving Goffman's frames enable individuals to _____, or reconstitute the perceptions and understandings we have of our surroundings.

A) analyze frames
B) focus attention
C) articulate mechanisms
D) transform functions

Question 51

A basic principle of symbolic interaction is people learn the shared meanings of symbols.

Question 52

Irving Goffman's frames enable individuals to _____, or bring clarity towards what is and is not important in the surroundings.

A) analyze frames
B) focus attention
C) articulate mechanisms
D) transform functions

Question 53

Which emotion does Thomas Scheff claim is essential to social interaction?

A) Love
B) Trust
C) Pride
D) Anger

Question 54

Irving Goffman's frames enable individuals to _____, or link highlighted elements of our surroundings in order to tell a story.

A) analyze frames
B) focus attention
C) articulate mechanisms
D) transform functions

Question 55

According to Arlie Hochschild, which of the following is entailed in emotion management?

A) People experience appropriate emotions even when unaware of what those socially expected feelings are.
B) People accept they cannot control the conditions that arouse feelings.
C) People remember emotions and invoke them in later interactions.
D) People surface act even when they do not deeply feel appropriate emotions.

Question 56

What is a critique levied at symbolic interaction?

A) Symbolic interactionists have too readily given up on conventional social science techniques
B) Symbolic interactionists' overly specific concepts cannot explain our abstract reality.
C) Symbolic Interactionist ignore the micro level
D) Symbolic Interactionists are overly focused on the psychological or the intrapersonal aspects of people.

Question 57

What is a critique levied at symbolic interaction?

A) Symbolic interactionists are overly committed to positivistic social science.
B) Symbolic interactionists' overly specific concepts cannot explain our abstract reality.
C) Symbolic Interactionist ignore the macro level.
D) Symbolic Interactionists are overly focused on the psychological or the intrapersonal aspects of people.

Question 58

Which of the following is a reason why symbolic interaction blurred with other theories in recent years? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) The theory is now fragmented, or no longer isolated to a group of scholars at The Chicago School.
B) The theory expanded its concerns well beyond micro-level interactions.
C) The theory incorporated ideas from many other fields and traditions.
D) The theory has been adopted by scholars who work in other traditions.

Question 59

Which emotion does Thomas Scheff claim is essential to social interaction?

A) Love
B) Trust
C) Shame
D) Anger

Question 60

According to Arlie Hochschild, which of the following is entailed in emotion management?

A) People are aware of socially expected feelings.
B) People accept they cannot control the conditions that arouse feelings.
C) People forget past emotions.
D) People surface act even when they do not deeply feel appropriate emotions.

Question 61

Think about a job you or somehow you know has worked that involved working with others. Then, describe how that job entailed a type of emotion work, perhaps because of the commercialization of feelings.

Question 62

A basic principle of symbolic interaction is that humans modify the interpretations of symbols through interactions with each other.

Question 63

Emotion work can only evoke socially appropriate feelings; it cannot be utilized to suppress socially inappropriate emotions.

Question 64

According to Erving Goffman's dramaturgy, actor assumes discreditable stigmas are not known by audience members.

Question 65

Watch a few minutes of movie or television show where people are interacting. Then, use Erving Goffman's dramaturgical analysis to asses this interaction.

Question 66

A basic principle of symbolic interaction is that social thought is influenced by interactions.

Question 67

An organismic model sees people as actively engaging their emotions with a set of social and cultural rules.

Question 68

A basic principle of symbolic interaction that groups and even entire societies are primarily made of actions and interactions.

Question 69

A basic principle of symbolic interaction is that unlike animals, humans have a capacity for thought.

Question 70

Symbolic interactionism can be criticized for having a cognitive bias, or for overlooking the role emotion play in shaping the self and social reality.

Question 71

A basic principle of symbolic interaction is the meanings of symbols are uniquely human.

Question 72

According to Erving Goffman's dramaturgy, actor assumes discredited stigmas are not known by audience members.

Question 73

An interactional model sees people as actively engaging their emotions with a set of social and cultural rules.

Question 74

The human ability to think is developed early in childhood socialization and is refined during adult socialization.

Question 75

Compare and contrast the theories of the self that was put forward by Charles Horton Cooley, George Hebert Mead and Erving Goffman.