Deck 18: Religion

Question 1

From Durkheim's perspective, what do Buddhists bowing before a shrine, Hindus dipping into the Ganges River and Aztecs sacrificing virgins all have in common?

A) They all qualify as moral communities.
B) They all qualify as ecclesia.
C) They all qualify as denominations.
D) They all qualify as sects.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Judaism is the oldest monotheistic religion in the world.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A common thread of Judaism and Islam is that both religions trace their ancestry to Abraham.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The desire to accumulate capital as a duty and to constantly reinvest it is what Max Weber referred to as the Protestant ethic.

Question 5

During the first thousand years of Christianity, there was only one church organization, directed from Rome.

Question 6

Because of its ties to the Vatican and its bureaucratic structure, Roman Catholicism has never served as a state religion.

Question 7

Conflict theorists see religion as being the means of social change and an instrument to establish a perfect society.

Question 8

Which sociological perspective is aligned with the belief that religion attaches meaning to our lives, provides emotional comfort during times of sorrow, creates a sense of solidarity with others and provides guidelines with which to direct our lives?

A) the feminist perspective
B) functionalism
C) symbolic interactionism
D) the conflict perspective

Question 9

A functional equivalent of religion serves the same purposes, but the activities surrounding it are not directed toward God.

Question 10

Karl Marx was an avowed atheist who characterized religion as "the opium of the people."

Question 11

A fundamental effort of cults is evangelism, the active recruitment of new members.

Question 12

The Star of David is to Judaism as the eight-spoked wheel is to the Hindus.

Question 13

A dysfunction of religion that included executing suspected witches disappeared during the eighteenth century when religion became more civilized.

Question 14

Excommunication, shunning, and being stricken from the rolls are methods various religions use to address members who violate religious doctrine and refuse to ask forgiveness.

Question 15

What conclusion did epidemiologist Lynda Powell and her colleagues reach after studying data on the effects of participation in organized religion on health?

A) People who attended religious services at least once a week have 25 percent fewer deaths than people who do not attend church.
B) The stress of conforming to church doctrine causes a 25 percent greater amount of deaths among dedicated churchgoers than non-goers.
C) There is no difference in the death rates of churchgoers and non-churchgoers.
D) Roman Catholics have the lowest death rates of all churchgoers and Baptists have the highest death rate.

Question 16

As a group, Jews and Jehovah's Witnesses are status consistent in respect to income, education, and occupational prestige.

Question 17

Religious experiences, such as being born again and being aware of God's presence in everyday life, are what separate the ideology of a cult and the ideology of a major religion.

Question 18

In state religions, which are also called ecclesia, the government and religion work together to try to shape society.

Question 19

Jews, Christians, and Muslims all share a common ground in their religious beliefs which is called a cosmology.

Question 20

Hinduism has no specific founder and no canonical scripture.

Question 21

When viewing communism as a functional equivalent of religion, which book provides its most sacred writings?

A) War and Peace
B) The Red Primer
C) The Communist Manifesto
D) The Death of Capitalism

Question 22

What does the spirit of capitalism refer to, as proposed by Max Weber?

A) It is a doctrine emphasizing conspicuous consumption and individual success.
B) It is a new approach to work and money that emphasizes investment to make profit.
C) It is a doctrine legitimating the social order and the inequalities that accompany it.
D) It is a way of thinking about the supernatural and its part in religion.

Question 23

Jews, Christians and Muslims all believe in one God who, as creator of the universe, is concerned about our actions and will hold us accountable for them. In this sense, Jews, Christians and Muslims all share the same ________.

A) cosmology
B) religion
C) mythology
D) rituals

Question 24

This theologian proposed that God has predestined some people to go to heaven and others to hell at the time of their birth.

A) John Calvin
B) Martin Luther
C) Thomas Malthus
D) Oral Roberts

Question 25

As a state religion in past centuries, Lutheranism was to Sweden as ________ was to Switzerland.

A) Roman Catholicism
B) Calvinism
C) Lutheranism
D) Presbyterianism

Question 26

From a symbolic interactionist perspective, what does wearing a cross signify for Christians?

A) The cross is viewed as protection from evil spirits.
B) It is a condensed way for the wearer to say, "I am a follower of Jesus Christ."
C) The cross is considered appropriate jewelry only for Christians.
D) The cross acts as a badge of courage for fundamentalists.

Question 27

What is the term that refers to a sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming in contact with God?

A) cosmology
B) functional equivalent of religion
C) religious experience
D) animism

Question 28

What is the belief that all objects in the world have spirits, some of which are dangerous?

A) animism
B) ecclesia
C) new age religion
D) evangelism

Question 29

What was the fundamental difference between Judaism and all other religions that preceded it?

A) Judaism was based on polytheism.
B) Judaism was based on animism.
C) Judaism was based on monotheism.
D) Judaism was a fundamental religion.

Question 30

The Star of David is to the Jews as the ________ is to the Hindus.

A) eight-spoked wheel
B) crescent moon
C) cow
D) turtle dove

Question 31

Pietro, a wealthy businessman, has been a devoted Roman Catholic his entire life. But a few months ago he received a vision from God to wage a campaign to change the policy of the church to accept women as priests and to accept a prochoice philosophy. Based on this, the Vatican has stripped Pietro of his membership in the church. Which phrase describes what has happened to Pietro?

A) Pietro was smote by the church.
B) Pietro was shunned by the Vatican.
C) Pietro has been excommunicated.
D) Pietro was stricken from the rolls.

Question 32

Among the Amish, what is the term for ignoring a member of the community because he or she has broken an important covenant?

A) seclusion
B) cosmology
C) shunning
D) being slain by the spirit

Question 33

Next week, Abraham and Hazel will attend the bar mitzvah of their nephew. Their nephew's bar mitzvah is an example of a religious ________.

A) belief
B) superstition
C) formality
D) ritual

Question 34

What are the two dysfunctions of religion addressed in the textbook?

A) contributing significant funding to the church; sexism in religion
B) social control; religious persecution
C) sexism in religion; social control
D) religious persecution; war and terrorism

Question 35

What was Weber's term to describe the ideal of a self-denying, highly moral life, accompanied by hard work and frugality?

A) the spirit of capitalism
B) the modernization doctrine
C) the Protestant ethic
D) the predestination theology

Question 36

What is the transformation of traditional societies to industrial societies called?

A) modernization
B) communism
C) socialism
D) urbanization

Question 37

Marx's notion that religion diverts the thoughts of workers to the afterlife rather than toward rebellion against their worldly oppressors is expressed by his statement ________.

A) "If people believe the situation is real, it is real in the consequences."
B) "The sum of the whole is no greater than the sum of the parts."
C) "Religion is ... the opium of the people."
D) "You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink."

Question 38

What does incorporating religious teachings into criminal law, such as prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages before noon on Sunday, illustrate about religion?

A) It provides emotional comfort.
B) It is a means of social solidarity.
C) It is a means of adaptation.
D) It is a means of social control.

Question 39

What is another name for the bond that members of a respective faith share with one another?

A) evangelism
B) communal exchange
C) pentecost
D) kindred spirit

Question 40

How would sociologists classify communism in respect to its religious qualities?

A) It is a secular religion.
B) It is a functional equivalent of religion.
C) It is a dysfunction of religion.
D) It is a civil religion.

Question 41

Sociologically, how would a cult be defined?

A) a bizarre group with bizarre rituals
B) a new or different religion at odds with dominant culture and religion
C) a subdivision of a dominant religion
D) a group of people dedicated to their own needs

Question 42

Which of the following religions has the longest history?

A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Judaism
D) Islam

Question 43

Of the following, what would cults and sects be more likely to stress?

A) extemporaneous prayer
B) evangelism
C) catechism
D) enlightenment

Question 44

In Buddhism, what do the four noble truths emphasize?

A) profit and long life
B) success and happiness
C) materialism and power
D) self-denial and compassion

Question 45

The Reverend Hamilton Barnesworth Jones has established a new religious order he calls "The People's Temple of Love and Divinity." More likely than not, what is the future of Reverend Jones' new order?

A) It will appeal only to the homeless and forgotten of society.
B) It will develop into a major religion.
C) It will transform into a sect within a few years.
D) It will probably fail and fade into obscurity.

Question 46

What do Hindus call the cycle of life, death, and rebirth?

A) predestination
B) reincarnation
C) nirvana
D) transmigration of souls

Question 47

Islam today is divided between two groups, one conservative and one liberal. The faction which tends to be more liberal and accepting of social change is ________.

A) the Sunni
B) the Shi'ite
C) the Moorish American Muslims
D) the World Community of Islam in the West

Question 48

A central symbol of Buddhism is ________.

A) the crescent moon and star
B) the Star of David
C) the eight-spoked wheel
D) the cow

Question 49

The original goal of the Reformation led by Martin Luther was to ________.

A) establish a new church
B) become the leader of the Roman Catholic church
C) establish a theocracy
D) restructure the Roman Catholic church

Question 50

Shi'ites refer to their religious leader as the ________ and it is his duty to interpret the holy book called the ________.

A) rabbi; Torah
B) high priest; Bible
C) shaman; Old Testament
D) imam; Qur'an

Question 51

The basic moral principle of Confucianism is to maintain jen and the key to jen is to ________.

A) practice self-denial and meditate
B) love God and do good deeds
C) be loyal and place morality above self-interest
D) follow your karma

Question 52

Which of the following elements are most emphasized in Jewish teachings?

A) to love God and do good things
B) to tithe wages and support the religious community
C) to renounce materialism and accept salvation
D) to establish missions to spread the word of God

Question 53

One of the reasons for the Islamic conflict with capitalist nations is the belief of some that modernization threatens their religion. The movement to restore the faith as it was originally practiced is called ________.

A) compartmentalization
B) fundamentalism
C) animism
D) ecclesia

Question 54

Someone with an outstanding gift or exceptional quality that draws others to them and their message is said to possess ________.

A) holiness
B) charisma
C) evangelism
D) communion

Question 55

What is the world's largest religion, with around 2 billion members?

A) Islam
B) Buddhism
C) Judaism
D) Christianity

Question 56

In Hinduism, one of the central beliefs is karma, which means ________.

A) personal enlightenment
B) born again
C) slain by the spirit
D) spiritual progress

Question 57

Muslims and Jews alike trace their ancestry to ________.

A) Moses
B) Allah
C) Jahweh
D) Abraham

Question 58

Which phrase best summarizes the Confucian Golden Rule?

A) Treat subordinates as you would like to be treated by superiors.
B) What goes around comes around.
C) Life is like a box of chocolates.
D) The world is a stage and all people the players.

Question 59

What is a government based on the principle that God is king?

A) a state religion
B) a theocracy
C) a monarchy
D) a national religion

Question 60

Rani is a Hindu and believes in the three gods: Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu. Rani would be considered to be a(n) ________.

A) monotheist
B) atheist
C) agnostic
D) polytheist

Question 61

What feature do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share?

Question 62

Which mainstream religion do many members of Pentecostalism abandon to engage in their new faith?

A) Judaism
B) Roman Catholicism
C) Methodist
D) Presbyterian

Question 63

Based on Hindu beliefs, what are the three gods that serve as the creator, the destroyer, and the preserver of the universe?

Question 64

What was Durkheim's influential book published in 1912 that identified the elements common to religion?

Question 65

What is the fundamental difference between Hinduism when compared to Judaism, Islam, and Christianity?

Question 66

What is a central element in Jewish teaching?

Question 67

Identify two organizations or practices that qualify as functional equivalents of religion.

Question 68

What do shunning, excommunication, and being stricken from the rolls have in common?

Question 69

Why is it believed that the Internet will have a significant effect on our religious lives and alter the face of religion?

A) People will not affiliate with any specific religious organization.
B) The Internet provides opportunity for vast religious reformation.
C) Religion will become even more secularized.
D) People will not help finance religious activities.

Question 70

What were the core beliefs of the theocracy developed by Muhammad?

Question 71

How did Karl Marx view religion?

Question 72

What are the four noble truths of Buddhism?

Question 73

A state religion is referred to as a(n) ________ when the government and religion work together to try to shape society.

A) cult
B) sect
C) ecclesia
D) church

Question 74

How does religion provide a means of social control?

Question 75

What are the basic ideologies shared by Christians, Jews, and Muslims as it relates to their common cosmology?

Question 76

What is meant by the term born again?

Question 77

What is the process by which spiritual concerns are replaced by worldly concerns?

A) secularization
B) evangelism
C) holiness
D) conversion

Question 78

What emphasis did Weber place on capitalism in his book, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?

Question 79

Identify at least three major religions and the symbol that represents each of them.

Question 80

What is the primary criticism of Weber's theory that Calvinism led to capitalism?