Deck 7: The Social Psychology of Deviance

Question 1

According to labeling theory,a primary act of deviance does not always lead to a secondary act
of deviance.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is true of William Chambliss' research on the Saints and the Roughnecks?

A)The Saints committed significantly less crime than the Roughnecks but were more likely to get caught.
B)The Saints committed significantly less crime than the Roughnecks but only the Roughnecks got caught.
C)The Saints committed somewhat higher levels of deviance as the Roughnecks but the Roughnecks were more likely to be caught than the Saints.
D)The Roughnecks committed less crime and were rarely caught.

Answer 2

The Saints committed somewhat higher levels of deviance as the Roughnecks but the Roughnecks were more likely to be caught than the Saints.

Question 3

Which of the following best exemplifies white collar crimes?

A)stealing a purse
B)simple assault
C)telling a lie to your friend
D)embezzling from work

Answer 3

embezzling from work

Question 4

Along with deterrence,what other factor has been noted as important to the likelihood of someone committing a crime?

A)self- control
B)self- esteem
C)self-concept
D)none of the above

Question 5

Scholars contend that __________ and _____________ are two factors that affect the likelihood of committing a crime?

A)controls; formal sanctions
B)certainty; severity
C)certainty; informal sanctions
D)severity; formal sanctions

Question 6

Most college students represent which type of person in Merton's typology of deviance?

A)conformists
B)innovators
C)ritualists
D)retreatists

Question 7

Which of the following statements best describes interactionist perspective(s)on deviance?

A)Deviance is relative to a given group of people or society.
B)Deviance is relatively consistent across groups and society.
C)What it means to be deviant is constructed through a process of indexicality and reflexivity.
D)both a and c

Question 8

In high school,Janet rarely got involved in smoking or drinking.In college,Janet found some friend who spent most of their off time consuming large amounts of alcohol and other drugs.Soon,she did the same and did not know anyone who did not spend their time that way.Which theory best explains Janet's behavior given this limited amount of information?

A)labeling theory
B)strain theory
C)social control theory
D)theory of differential association

Question 9

Which theory of deviance tries to explain why individuals do not commit crime?

A)labeling theory
B)strain theory
C)social control theory
D)theory of differential association

Question 10

How did Howard Becker's research contribute to understanding of deviance?

A)It showed the important role of deviant subcultures in the maintenance of deviant identities.
B)It reinforced the relationship between primary and secondary deviance.
C)He showed that even drug experiences can be influenced by social conditions.
D)all of the above

Question 11

According to Edwin Lemert,how is society involved in the deviance process?

A)During primary deviance,when society makes deviance symbolic in nature.
B)During secondary deviance,when society labels a person as deviant.
C)During the process of hiring police personnel to put away criminals.
D)During the process of committing the deviant act and accepting the deviant label.

Question 12

A homeless person who decides to live in the woods is probably best represented by which of the following people using Merton's typology of deviance?

A)conformists
B)innovators
C)ritualists
D)retreatists

Question 13

Which of the following represent strain according to new interpretations of strain theory?

A)negative relationships with family and friends
B)poverty
C)unemployment
D)all of the above

Question 14

John regularly gambles on the weekends,often finding himself spending more money than he is making.When asked about it,he starts to relate how he always had problems resisting temptation to gamble on things,even when he was a kid.What kind of behavior is John engaging in?

A)passing
B)covering
C)stigma
D)retrospective interpretations

Question 15

Which of the following represents a form of deviance from a sociological perspective?

A)A boy stealing a piece of gum in a New York City convenience store.
B)A girl wearing a t-shirt and jeans to formal dinner.
C)A girl wearing a nice dress to a formal dinner.
D)Both a and b would be considered deviance.

Question 16

According to the text,some individuals choose a life of deviance because of the satisfaction they derive from the act and deviant lifestyle?

Question 17

Murder would most likely be considered the breaking of a ________ while picking your nose in public would be breaking a ________.

A)more; folkway.
B)folkway; more.
C)norm; value.
D)both are mores

Question 18

A nurse regulary brings a six pack of beer to work and consumes it over his shift,brushing his teeth to keep his breath clean.According to Goffman,what kind of behavior is he engaging in?

A)passing
B)covering
C)stigma
D)retrospective interpretations

Question 19

Which theorist is most associated with primary and secondary deviance?

A)C.Wright Mills
B)Edwin Lemert
C)Robert Merton
D)Herbert Blumer

Question 20

Sampson and Laub's research on delinquent and non-delinquent youths in Boston found delinquency was greater when bonds with which social institutions were weakest?

A)family
B)education
C)work
D)both a and c

Question 21

Given the information in this vignette,which theory best explains Arny's decision to commit a crime?

A)labeling theory
B)strain theory
C)social control theory
D)theory of differential association

Question 22

Given the information in this vignette,which theory best explains Franky's decision to commit a crime?

A)labeling theory
B)strain theory
C)social control theory
D)theory of differential association

Question 23

Which of the following theories interprets the responses of others as the most significant factor in understanding how deviant behavior is created and sustained?

A)differential association theory
B)social control theory
C)labeling theory
D)structural strain theory