Deck 3: Qualitative-Approaches-To-Research

Question 1

The credibility criterion involves establishing that the results of qualitative research are believable from the perspective of recognized experts in the area.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Participant observation often requires months or years of intensive work.​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The field research method that turns researchers into participants and participants into researchers is known as ____.​

A) ​ethnography
B) ​phenomenology
C) ​grounded theory
D) ​participatory action research

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Participant action research is one of the most objective forms of qualitative research.​

Question 5

​Karla wants to better understand the everyday experiences of individuals with paranoid schizophrenia and how the symptoms of their schizophrenia impact their interactions with others.She has identified an individual who is willing to be a part of the research,which is best termed ____.

A) ​ethnography
B) ​phenomenology
C) ​grounded theory
D) ​participatory action research

Question 6

​Karla wants to better understand the everyday experiences of individuals with paranoid schizophrenia and how the symptoms of their schizophrenia impact their interactions with others.She has collected substantial amounts of data based on her interviews of individuals with paranoid schizophrenia.After repeatedly and systematically reviewing the transcripts,Karla has identified specific ideas that convey important parts of the experience of the individuals who participated.These are best termed ____.

A) ​key constructs
B) ​hypotheses
C) ​meaning units
D) ​parameters

Question 7

A researcher using the approach of ____ wants to understand how the world is experienced by others from their perspective.​

A) ​ethnography
B) ​phenomenology
C) ​grounded theory
D) ​participatory action research

Question 8

Author ____ employed qualitative methods in his books about the Great Depression,World War II,and socioeconomic divisions in the United States.​

A) ​O.Henry
B) ​William Faulkner
C) ​Ernest Hemingway
D) ​Studs Terkel

Question 9

Truth can be subjective.​

Question 10

Transferability refers to the degree to which the results of qualitative research can be generalized to other contexts or settings.​

Question 11

All quantitative data are based on qualitative judgment.​

Question 12

​The term "meaning unit" is most closely associated with ____.

A) ​ethnography
B) ​phenomenology
C) ​grounded theory
D) ​participatory action research

Question 13

All qualitative data can be coded quantitatively.​

Question 14

Dependability refers to the degree to which the results can be corroborated by others.​

Question 15

​A descriptive nonnumerical observation is best termed a(n)____ measure.

A) ​quantitative
B) ​qualitative
C) ​objective
D) ​subjective

Question 16

Qualitative data are highly varied in nature.​

Question 17

The emphasis in ____ is on studying a phenomenon in the context of its culture.​

A) ​ethnography
B) ​phenomenology
C) ​grounded theory
D) ​participatory action research

Question 18

One of the best ways to capture and make sense of the complexity of individual experience is through quantitative research methods.​

Question 19

Glaser and Straus are known for their development of the approach known as ____.​

A) ​ethnography
B) ​phenomenology
C) ​grounded theory
D) ​participatory action research

Question 20

Any variable that is measured using numbers is best termed a(n)____ measure.​

A) quantitative​
B) ​qualitative
C) ​objective
D) ​subjective

Question 21

Aisha is interested in individuals with severe persistent mental illness who train their own psychiatric service dogs.She spends months documenting this process with one particular individual who has schizophrenia and is training his own service dog.Aisha's study is best described as a(n)____.approach.​

A) ​focus group
B) ​participant observation
C) ​unstructured interview
D) ​case study

Question 22

Which qualitative research method is especially useful for identifying as many ideas as possible about a particular topic?​

A) ​focus group
B) ​direct observation
C) ​unstructured interview
D) ​case study

Question 23

When the ____ approach is used,research begins with raising generative questions that help guide the research but are not intended to be either static or confining.​

A) ethnography​
B) ​phenomenology
C) ​grounded theory
D) ​participatory action research

Question 24

Which qualitative research method involves intensive study of a specific individual,event,organization,or specific context?​

A) ​focus group
B) ​direct observation
C) ​unstructured interview
D) ​case study

Question 25

In which qualitative research method does the researcher have initial guiding questions or core concepts to ask about,but is free to move the conversation in any direction of interest that may come up?​

A) ​participant observation
B) ​direct observation
C) ​unstructured interview
D) ​case study

Question 26

​Which qualitative research method requires that the researcher become an active part of the culture or context being observed?

A) ​participant observation
B) ​direct observation
C) ​unstructured interview
D) ​case study

Question 27

As part of his study,Lincoln asks the participants to complete a questionnaire that assesses attitudes towards drinking as well as personal drinking behavior,yielding scores indicating perceived riskiness of underage drinking,perceived acceptability of underage drinking,and risk of engaging in alcohol abuse.Lincoln's approach is best described as ____.​

A) ​enhanced qualitative
B) ​modified quantitative
C) ​duplicative
D) ​mixed methods

Question 28

An important concern with indirect measures of behavior relates to ____.​

A) ​the cost of instrumentation
B) ​the lack of informed consent
C) ​inter-rater reliability
D) ​problems with validity

Question 29

The most significant change technique involves ____.​

A) ​focusing only on differences that are statistically significant
B) ​asking program participants to identify the most significant change they have experienced as a result of the program
C) ​having trained observers identify the most significant changes in program participants by engaging in direct observation
D) ​having subject area experts identify how a new program differs from established programs

Question 30

Aisha is interested in individuals with severe persistent mental illness who train their own psychiatric service dogs.She has identified a group of individuals who are training their own psychiatric service dogs,and they meet regularly to,exchange tips,and discuss their experiences.Aisha asks them what the single most remarkable change they have noticed in themselves as a result of training their own service dogs.Aisha is best described as using the ____ approach.​

A) ​focus group
B) ​participant observation
C) ​unstructured interview
D) ​most significant change

Question 31

Which qualitative research method did Jean Piaget rely on in the development of his theory of cognition?​

A) ​participant observation
B) ​direct observation
C) ​unstructured interview
D) ​case study

Question 32

When the ____ approach is used,core concepts are developed as data collection begins and are linked to the data as additional data collection continues.​

A) ​ethnography
B) ​phenomenology
C) ​grounded theory
D) ​participatory action research

Question 33

Beth works for a family resource network and coordinates as well as participates in a peer parenting support group for the parents of children with special needs.She has developed an evaluation plan that relies on the program participants for data collection and that will use the data to further develop the program.This approach is best termed ____.

A) ​ethnography
B) ​phenomenology
C) ​grounded theory
D) ​participatory action research

Question 34

Lincoln wants to learn more about issues related to underage drinking on campus,and arranges for a series of meetings in which the topic will be discussed.Specific categories of individuals (e.g. ,underage vs.of-age,living on vs.off campus,etc. )are invited to the meetings,which are recorded while the individuals discuss questions related to underage drinking.The recordings are later analyzed by trained raters.Lincoln's approach is best described as a(n)____.​

A) ​focus group
B) ​direct observation
C) ​unstructured interview
D) ​case study

Question 35

A grocery store wants to know whether e-mails containing recipes have an influence on shopping habits.They are able to track who actually opens the e-mails,as well as the time at which the e-mails are deleted,and are able to track purchasing behavior via their preferred customer program that requires scanning of an identification card to get discounted prices.This allows a(n)____ measure of the impact of the advertising e-mails.​

A) ​unobtrusive
B) ​hypothetical
C) ​self-report
D) ​subjective

Question 36

Michelle is a health psychologist who has come to recognize that the phenomenon of parents who refuse to vaccinate their children cannot be accounted for by any of the prevailing approaches to health decision-making.She works with a group of parents,and through repeated observation and subsequent refinement of her ideas,develops an approach that can account for both decisions to vaccinate and decisions to not vaccinate.This approach is best termed ____.​

A) ethnography​
B) ​phenomenology
C) ​grounded theory
D) ​participatory action research

Question 37

The most common ethnographic approach is ____.​

A) ​structured interviewing
B) ​participant observation
C) ​case study
D) ​direct observation

Question 38

Narrative 3-1
Lincoln wants to learn more about issues related to underage drinking on campus,and arranges for a series of meetings in which the topic will be discussed.Specific categories of individuals (e.g. ,underage vs.of-age,living on vs.off campus,etc. )are invited to the meetings,which are recorded while the individuals discuss questions related to underage drinking.​
Lincoln analyzes the data from his study and treats each participant statement as a chunk,a process referred to as ____.​

A) ​unitizing
B) ​analyzing
C) ​trending
D) ​rating

Question 39

Narrative 3-1
Lincoln wants to learn more about issues related to underage drinking on campus,and arranges for a series of meetings in which the topic will be discussed.Specific categories of individuals (e.g. ,underage vs.of-age,living on vs.off campus,etc. )are invited to the meetings,which are recorded while the individuals discuss questions related to underage drinking.​
Lincoln analyzes the data from his study and treats each participant statement as a chunk,or ____.​

A) ​attribute
B) ​trait category
C) ​unit of analysis
D) ​operant

Question 40

In which qualitative research method does the researcher strive to be at a distance so as not to bias the observations?​

A) ​participant observation
B) ​direct observation
C) ​unstructured interview
D) ​case study

Question 41

The philosophical perspective and approach to qualitative methodology that focuses on people's subjective experiences and interpretations of the world is referred to as _______________.​

Question 42

Cal wants to better understand the attitudes towards children who murder other children.He collects media coverage of recent incidents and uses a computer program to scan through and identify the occurrence of certain words and phrases.Cal is using ____.​

A) exclusion
B) ​indexing
C) ​exception identification
D) ​significant change reporting

Question 43

External validity is to quantitative research as ____ is to qualitative research.​

A) ​credibility
B) ​transferability
C) ​dependability
D) ​confirmability

Question 44

An unobtrusive measure that occurs naturally in a research context is called a(n)____ measure.​

A) ​indirect
B) ​thematic
C) ​self-report
D) ​subjective

Question 45

​In qualitative data analysis,a small segment of a transcript or other text that captures a concept that the analyst considers to be important is referred to as a(n)_______________.

Question 46

Christine has conducted a study in which family caregivers of young adults with severe developmental disabilities were trained in stress reduction methods.After finding it to be very successful,she compares her results to the results of other researchers who have assessed the effectiveness of various stress reduction methods.Christine is assessing the ____ of her research.​

A) ​credibility
B) ​transferability
C) ​dependability
D) ​confirmability

Question 47

​The identification of major ideas in a document or set of documents referred to as _______________.

Question 48

The method of qualitative observation where the researcher becomes part of the culture or context being observed is referred to as _______________.​

Question 49

Reliability is to quantitative research as ____ is to qualitative research.​

A) ​credibility
B) ​transferability
C) ​dependability
D) ​confirmability

Question 50

The qualitative research method that turns researchers into participants,participants into researchers,and data into action,is known as _______________.​

Question 51

​A dictionary that includes all nonessential words like "is," "and," and "of," in a content analysis is called a(n)_______________.

Question 52

​The complex dynamic iterative process in which the development of a theory and the collection of data related to that theory build on each other is referred to as _______________.

Question 53

Methods of collecting data that do not interfere in the lives of the respondents are referred to as _______________.​

Question 54

Internal validity is to quantitative research as ____ is to qualitative research.​

A) ​credibility
B) ​transferability
C) ​dependability
D) ​confirmability

Question 55

Christine has conducted a study in which family caregivers of young adults with severe developmental disabilities were trained in stress reduction methods.After the fact,she discusses her findings with participants to ask whether the results make sense to them.Christine is assessing the ____ of her research.​

A) ​credibility
B) ​transferability
C) ​dependability
D) ​confirmability

Question 56

​Following an incident in which a city's water supply was contaminated by a chemical spill,researchers carefully read online comments posted in response to news stories to gauge the public mood.They specifically look for ideas related to trust in the water company,the company responsible for the spill,and the responsible government agencies,as well as for indicators of financial stress,emotional stress,and health issues associated with the contamination.The researchers are best described as using ____.

A) ​thematic analysis
B) ​focus measures
C) ​self-report
D) ​subjective measurement

Question 57

Objectivity is to quantitative research as ____ is to qualitative research.​

A) ​credibility
B) ​transferability
C) ​dependability
D) ​confirmability

Question 58

Christine has conducted a study in which family caregivers of young adults with severe developmental disabilities were trained in stress reduction methods.After finding it to be very successful,she tests the same program with family caregivers of young adults who have suffered traumatic brain injury or spinal injury and have suddenly become disabled.Christine is assessing the ____ of her research.​

A) ​credibility
B) ​transferability
C) ​dependability
D) ​confirmability

Question 59

​The study of a culture using qualitative field research is referred to as _______________.

Question 60

An intensive study of a specific individual,event,organization,or specific context is referred to as a(n)_______________.​

Question 61

The degree to which a measure is consistent or dependable is referred to as its _______________.​

Question 62

Research that uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is referred to as _______________.​

Question 63

In _______________,although the researcher may have some initial guiding questions or core concepts to ask about,there is no formal structured instrument or protocol.​

Question 64

In ______________,the researcher strives to be at a distance so as not to bias the data collection.​

Question 65

Systematic analysis of text is referred to as _______________.​