Deck 4: The Research Process: Theoretical Framework and Hypothesis Design

Question 1

A moderating variable influences the dependent as well as the independent variable.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A theoretical framework contains all possible variables that have an effect on the dependent variable.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A ____________ has a strong contingent effect on the independent variable-dependent variable relationship.

A)Mediating variable.
B)Intervening variable.
C)Moderating variable.
D)Confounding variable.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In case of a mediating variable,a dependent variable cannot be influenced directly by an independent variable.

Question 5

A theory attempts to explain relationships between the variables in your model: an explanation should be provided for all the important relationships that are theorized to exist among the variables.

Question 6

The values can differ at various times for the same object or person,or at the same time for different objects or persons.

Question 7

A hypothesis is unrelated to the theoretical framework.

Question 8

The ________________ is the variable of primary interest to the researcher.

A)Independent variable.
B)Intervening variable.
C)Moderating variable.
D)Dependent variable.

Question 9

Which of the following does not include the process of building a theoretical framework?

A)Definitions of the concepts or variables in the model.
B)An operationalization of the concepts or variables in the model.
C)A logical explanation of the relationships within a model.
D)A graphical representation of the model.

Question 10

Which of the following conditions should not necessarily be met to establish that a change in the independent variable causes a change in the dependent variable:

A)The independent and the dependent variable should co-vary: in other words,a change in the dependent variable should be associated with a change in the independent variable.
B)The independent variable (the presumed causal factor)should precede the dependent variable.In other words,there must be a time sequence in which the two occur: the cause must occur before the effect.
C)No other factor should possibly cause the change in the dependent variable.Hence,the researcher should control for the effects of other variables.
D)A third variable should modify the original relationship between the independent and the dependent variable.

Question 11

Another term for independent variable is predictor variable.

Question 12

Moderation is a special case of mediation.

Question 13

A variable is anything that can take on differing or varying values.

Question 14

A conceptual model describes how the concepts in your model are related to each other.

Question 15

A marketing manager believes that sales promotion has a positive effect on sales.Although he believes that this relationship holds true generally for all consumers he also believes that it is nevertheless contingent on the price consciousness of consumers. What would be the dependent variable here?

A)Profits.
B)Sales promotion.
C)Price consciousness.
D)Sales.

Question 16

A ______________ is one that surfaces between the time the independent variables start operating to influence the dependent variable and the time their impact is felt on it.

A)Mediating variable.
B)Extraneous variable.
C)Moderating variable.
D)Confounding variable.

Question 17

Theory is needed in basic research but not in applied research

Question 18

Dictionary definitions provide a useful basis for the operationalization or measurement of your concepts in the data collection stage of the research process.

Question 19

Job satisfaction is:

A)An independent variable.
B)A dependent variable.
C)A moderating variable.
D)This is not clear based on the above information.

Question 20

A hypothesis can be based on inductive preliminary investigation and/or on theory.

Question 21

The hypothesis "Women are more motivated than men" is testable but not falsifiable.

Question 22

Another term for moderating variable is extraneous variable.

Question 23

A null hypothesis (H₀)is a hypothesis set up to be rejected in order to support an alternative hypothesis,labeled H₁.

Question 24

Typically,the alternate hypothesis is expressed as no (significant)relationship between two variables or no (significant)difference between two groups.

Question 25

A teacher wants to determine if the average paper grade of three tutorial groups significantly differs from each other.In this case:

A)Paper grade is the independent variable and the number of tutorial groups is the dependent variable.
B)Paper grade is the independent variable and tutorial group is the dependent variable.
C)The number of tutorial groups is the independent variable and paper grade is the dependent variable.
D)Tutorial group is the independent variable and paper grade is the dependent variable.

Question 26

Hypotheses cannot be tested with qualitative data.

Question 27

When used,the null hypothesis is presumed true until statistical evidence,in the form of a hypothesis test,indicates otherwise.

Question 28

A theoretical framework represents your beliefs on how certain phenomena (or variables or concepts)are related to each other,and an explanation on why you believe that these variables are associated to each other.

Question 29

What is the moderating variable in the following model?

A)Workforce diversity.
B)Creative Synergy.
C)Organizational effectiveness.
D)None of the above.

Question 30

"Women are more motivated than men" is an example of a non-directional hypothesis

Question 31

In what way do the concepts causality and correlation relate to each other?

A)Causality is a necessary and sufficient condition for correlation.
B)Causality is a necessary but not sufficient condition for correlation.
C)Correlation is a necessary but not sufficient condition for causality.
D)Correlation is a necessary and sufficient condition for causality.