Deck 4: The Social Psychology of Stratification

Question 1

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Any way in which inequality in any form (race, class, or gender) is perpetuated during our interactions as people are held accountable to the social categories they are a part of.

Answer 1

W

Question 2

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ People with whom we are close, like friends and family.

Answer 2

J

Question 3

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Characteristics that create expectations for performance in limited settings.

Answer 3

Q

Question 4

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Characteristics individuals carry with them for performances in diverse situations.

Question 5

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ A group of people who share the same relative status in a given society.

Question 6

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ When people do not receive benefits directly from those to whom they give benefits.

Question 7

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ The upward or downward change in social class over time.

Question 8

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Ways in which individuals or groups are ranked in society.

Question 9

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Part of Kohn and Schooler's model of status attainment referring to how flexible people are in handling complex situations on the job.

Question 10

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Exchanges between two people.

Question 11

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ The idea that race, gender, and class statuses are not separate but interlocking systems of inequality.

Question 12

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Trust and support found in relationships with other people.

Question 13

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Part of Kohn and Schooler's model of status attainment referring to the level of control supervisors have over workers.

Question 14

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Part of Kohn and Schooler's model of status attainment referring to an individual's level of conservatism, fatalism, and personally responsible morality.

Question 15

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Part of Kohn and Schooler's model of status attainment referring to how complicated the actual work is on the job.

Question 16

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Part of Kohn and Schooler's model of status attainment referring to the level of repetitiveness found on the job.

Question 17

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ The creation of social and physical boundaries between boys and girls.

Question 18

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Combination of strong and weak ties.

Question 19

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Theory that links social roles and expectations from a larger society to stratification processes in groups.

Question 20

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Hierarchies that develop in task groups.

Question 21

Which of the following is the best example of "borderwork"?

A) a group of teenage boys smoking cigarettes in a high-school parking lot
B) a group of girls at a slumber party
C) a group of boys and girls playing "kiss and chase"
D) a group of boys and girls being lectured to about poor behavior

Question 22

Michael Schwalb argues that people with high status have what kind of relationship with social norms in society?

A) They are forced to conform to norms.
B) They are victimized by norms.
C) They can completely reject social norms.
D) They can manipulate social norms to favor themselves.

Question 23

Which perspective in sociological social psychology is more likely to examine the effects of stratification in day-to-day exchanges between people?

A) symbolic interactionism
B) social structure and personality
C) group processes
D) structural functionalism

Question 24

Which group best represents a task group used to study status hierarchies in groups?

A) a group of students at a class lecture
B) a group of people waiting in line to pay at a store
C) a group of citizens meeting to resolve a local problem
D) a group of people waiting at a bus stop

Question 25

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ A social process in which individuals act according to the social rules or norms associated with being a man or a woman in society.

Question 26

Shirley Brice Heath's research on the socialization of status and race among whites and blacks in the rural Piedmont Carolinas is important because it shows __________.

A) how social class does not shape how we interact with other people
B) how historical and social conditions can affect our day-to-day interactions
C) that white people have an advantage over African Americans in getting into good colleges
D) how working-class people are less intelligent than the middle class, regardless of race

Question 27

How does the Kohn and Schooler model of status attainment link economic status, job characteristics, and personality?

A) People with higher economic status tend to find work in jobs that have more supervision.
B) People with lower economic status tend to find work in jobs that require less intellectual flexibility.
C) People with more intellectual flexibility tend to seek jobs that are routinized.
D) People with more intellectual flexibility tend to find work that is less complex.

Question 28

According the Wisconsin Model of Status Attainment, how does our social background influence our occupational status in life?

A) It shows that our social background does not influence who we spend time with.
B) It shows that our social background influences our occupational goals.
C) It shows that our social background does not influence our educational levels.
D) It shows our social background influences our access to agency.

Question 29

Who, based on Bales' research in social exchanges in small groups, has the most status in groups?

A) Those who are perceived as the best managers.
B) Those who are perceived as being the smartest.
C) Those who contribute the most to the group.
D) Those who listen and care the most for other members.

Question 30

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ A process in which our class position influences the development of values that, in turn, influence the type of job we seek.

Question 31

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between social class and social mobility.

A) Our parents' social class status is likely to influence our own social mobility.
B) Only our father's social class status has any influence on our own social mobility.
C) Our parents social class status has no influence on our own social mobility.
D) Only our mother's social class status has influence on our own social mobility.

Question 32

Greta Paules' research on interactions between waitresses and their managers clearly shows that lower-status people have __________ over their status in everyday interactions.

A) no control
B) some control
C) complete control
D) no power

Question 33

Why are weak ties so important for finding work?

A) People with whom we have weak ties live and work in circles outside our own.
B) People with whom we have weak ties tend to have better jobs.
C) People with whom we have weak ties aren't biased against us in the job market.
D) People with whom we have weak ties provide training in getting better jobs.

Question 34

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Acquaintances or people we know through association with a third party.

Question 35

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Theory based on the premise that individuals enter into relationships that provide some benefit to us and end or leave relationships that do not provide some sort of reward.

Question 36

According to the Wisconsin Model of Status Attainment, our __________ is(are) affected by our social background.

A) styles of interaction
B) willingness to work hard
C) ability to memorize information
D) physical strength

Question 37

Bradley, a student at Big U, regularly seeks advice from his professor and mentor Janet. According to exchange theory, what kind of exchange is most likely motivating Janet to stay in this relationship?

A) a direct exchange
B) a reciprocal exchange
C) a generalized exchange
D) a simple exchange

Question 38

What job condition has a long-term impact on our personality, according to the Kohn and Schooler model of status attainment?

A) schedule
B) routinization
C) flextime
D) hourly wage

Question 39

Carlos recently found a job as a newspaper reporter through a friend of a friend. This acquaintance represents a __________.

A) strong tie
B) weak tie
C) network tie
D) reference group

Question 40

What was being exchanged among crew members and the captain in George Homan's research about exchange processes on small warships?

A) structure
B) legitimacy
C) listening
D) dominance

Question 41

According to status characteristics theory, skill at playing basketball is considered a __________.

A) diffuse status characteristic
B) specific status characteristic
C) role
D) class position

Question 42

According to status characteristics theory, status hierarchies in task groups form largely based on __________.

A) the status characteristics of the members of the group
B) organized planning
C) explicit collaborative negotiations
D) external legitimating factors

Question 43

Status hierarchies are generally developed through __________ processes.

A) deliberative
B) unconscious
C) legitimated
D) conscious

Question 44

According to West and Zimmerman, the way in which we engage in conscious and unconscious gender behaviors is known as __________.

A) gender performance
B) doing gender
C) gender rotation
D) gendering

Question 45

Based on research and theory involving status characteristics, who will likely receive the highest status in a task-oriented group, regardless of his or her contributions?

A) a white woman
B) a white man
C) a minority woman
D) a minority man

Question 46

Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
Doug's neighbor Jake approaches him and asks if he can borrow his lawn mower. Though he didn't know him all that well, Doug decides to lend the mower to Jake. Later on, Doug finds himself lending equipment to his neighbors Janet and Lee, too. The next day, Dough needed to borrow some other lawn equipment, but his neighbors say, without explanation, that they are unable to lend him the equipment, causing him to become a bit perturbed. However, Doug starts to feel much better at the community association meeting, where his neighbors publicly honor him for his continual help in the neighborhood. The next order of business is choosing a new community association president.
What theory best explains why Doug, who lent his lawn mower to his neighbor, becomes so mad when his kindness is not reciprocated?

A) social exchange theory
B) status construction theory
C) symbolic interaction
D) social structure and personality

Question 47

Review the three ways that interactionists view the development and maintenance of stratification in society.

Question 48

Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
Doug's neighbor Jake approaches him and asks if he can borrow his lawn mower. Though he didn't know him all that well, Doug decides to lend the mower to Jake. Later on, Doug finds himself lending equipment to his neighbors Janet and Lee, too. The next day, Dough needed to borrow some other lawn equipment, but his neighbors say, without explanation, that they are unable to lend him the equipment, causing him to become a bit perturbed. However, Doug starts to feel much better at the community association meeting, where his neighbors publicly honor him for his continual help in the neighborhood. The next order of business is choosing a new community association president.
Which type of exchange occurs between the neighbors in this story?

A) obvious exchanges
B) indirect exchanges
C) incomplete exchanges
D) abstract exchanges

Question 49

Describe either the Wisconsin Model of Status Attainment or the Kohn and Schooler model of status attainment. How does the model propose that stratification exists in society? Specifically, how do the individual and society interact in the model?

Question 50

Describe the concept of "doing gender." Apply this process to other statuses in society (e.g., race, ethnicity, or sexuality).

Question 51

According to status characteristics theory, gender, race, and education levels are examples of __________.

A) diffuse status characteristics
B) specific status characteristics
C) roles
D) class positions

Question 52

According to research by Lucas and others, how can individuals with lower cultural status best gain status in groups?

A) by demanding status vocally of all group members
B) by focusing on the success of the group, rather than on his or her own interests
C) by providing a kickback to others in the group in exchange for a leadership position
D) by focusing on his or her own interests and avoiding group interaction

Question 53

How do service workers manage status inequalities?

A) by emphasizing a customer-is-always-right mentality
B) by controlling the pace of work and thus controlling patrons
C) by accepting disrespectful behavior from patrons
D) by following the rules of their supervisors

Question 54

An intersectional approach is essential to understanding the dynamics of stratification because it __________.

A) allows us to the look at the multitude of ways in which our statuses and positions affect our experience
B) allows us to focus on a single status as the cause of our experiences
C) allows us to remain completely objective in our study of social behavior
D) provides a framework for engaging in exclusion

Question 55

Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
Doug's neighbor Jake approaches him and asks if he can borrow his lawn mower. Though he didn't know him all that well, Doug decides to lend the mower to Jake. Later on, Doug finds himself lending equipment to his neighbors Janet and Lee, too. The next day, Dough needed to borrow some other lawn equipment, but his neighbors say, without explanation, that they are unable to lend him the equipment, causing him to become a bit perturbed. However, Doug starts to feel much better at the community association meeting, where his neighbors publicly honor him for his continual help in the neighborhood. The next order of business is choosing a new community association president.
According to social exchange theory, who is likely to be named a leader in the neighborhood?

A) Doug
B) Jake
C) Janet
D) Lee

Question 56

What characteristic is associated with the most power in networks?

A) money
B) leadership ability
C) ability to exclude people
D) centrality