Deck 5: Society, social Structure, and Interaction

Question 1

Role conflict takes place within one status,while role strain involves two or more statuses.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

All achieved statuses are things that people want to attain.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Emotional labour can produce a feeling of estrangement from oneself.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Elliot Liebow noted that homelessness is rooted in mechanical solidarity.

Question 5

Nonverbal communication does NOT include vocal features such as inflection,volume,or pitch.

Question 6

Conflict and functionalist theorists agree that social institutions work for the common good of everyone.

Question 7

Our perception of reality is caused by what is happening; there is very little subjective input.

Question 8

Role strain always takes place within one specific status.

Question 9

In primary groups,people have few,if any,emotional ties to one another.

Question 10

Social structure is the process by which people act toward or respond to other people,and it is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society.

Question 11

Celebrity status has taken over some of the more traditional status indicators.

Question 12

Exiting the homeless role is easier than many people believe.

Question 13

Emotional labour may produce feelings of estrangement from one's "true" self.

Question 14

Bill collectors being encouraged to show anger and make threats to customers is an example of emotional labour.

Question 15

Primary groups are less specialized than secondary ones.

Question 16

Teasing someone for a low grade is an example of face saving.

Question 17

Ethnomethodologists are interested in answering the questions: How do we know how to interact in a given situation? What rules do we follow?

Question 18

People in positions of dominance are allowed a wider range of permissible actions than are their subordinates.

Question 19

Occupation is an ascribed status.

Question 20

Social solidarity only exists at the primary group level.

Question 21

Statuses exist independently of the specific people occupying them.

Question 22

Jeff feels like both an insider and an outsider in his rural community.What term would Robert Park (1928)use to refer to Jeff's experience?

A) alienation
B) being stigmatized
C) social marginality
D) anomie

Question 23

Homelessness often results in the individual losing their social status.What is this an example of?

A) deviant quality
B) stigma
C) negative identity
D) derogatory label

Question 24

Émile Durkheim asserted that preindustrial societies were held together by strong traditions and by the members' shared moral beliefs and values.

Question 25

Sara's boss expects her to be available via email 24/7 as a manager of several offices.Sara is wading through busy work and her boss refuses to hire an assistant,making it hard to balance her various work roles.What is Sara experiencing?

A) role expectation
B) role performance
C) role conflict
D) role strain

Question 26

Social structure gives us the ability to interpret the social situations we encounter.

Question 27

Personal space is consistent across age groups.

Question 28

What kind of group would be formed if a community wanted to get involved in developing a park and playground on the site of a new school?

A) a primary social group
B) a social network
C) a secondary social group
D) a formal organization

Question 29

The text cites an investigation involving students' interactions and discussions following the return of exam grades.In this study,which combination of actors produced a level of comfort talking about success and even bragging?

A) Bomber-Bomber encounters
B) Both Bomber-Bomber and Ace-Ace encounters
C) Ace-Ace encounters
D) Bomber-Ace encounters

Question 30

When we "sell our personality" in the course of selling goods or services,it is considered to be a seriously self-alienating process by Mills (1956).

Question 31

Women are socialized to smile even when they are unhappy.

Question 32

Which of the following argues that the organization of economic production is the most important structural aspect of society?

A) Karl Marx
B) Émile Durkheim
C) Erik Erikson
D) Robert Park

Question 33

Canada is best described as a Gesellschaft type of society.

Question 34

The need for personal space is NOT related to age.

Question 35

Race,gender,ethnicity,class,and age are all examples of what kind of status?

A) traditional
B) emergent
C) ascribed
D) achieved

Question 36

To celebrate her promotion at work,Stella bought a new Hermes purse.What is the purse an example of?

A) status indicator
B) status marker
C) status symbol
D) status capital

Question 37

What are people doing when they present the most favourable image of themselves to others?

A) impression management
B) presentational analysis
C) dramaturgical presentation
D) spin doctoring

Question 38

Selina works for IBM,the computer company.What is IBM an example of for Selina?

A) primary group
B) secondary group
C) social group
D) life group

Question 39

Breaching experiments help us understand how people manage dramaturgical behaviour.

Question 40

For ethnomethodologists,breaching experiments involve obeying the rules.

Question 41

Which term refers to behaviours such as starting a class on time,giving lectures,and answering questions that go along with the status of professor?

A) status expectation
B) role performance
C) role expectation
D) status performance

Question 42

To what did Henley (1977)attribute the different amounts of physical contact given to male babies compared to female babies?

A) power differentials between men and women
B) cultural differences
C) class differences
D) linguistic differences

Question 43

What has research on gender differences in nonverbal communication revealed about how women show their interest and involvement with others?

A) Women typically maintain eye contact during conversation.
B) Women typically avoid eye contact during conversation.
C) Women typically stare at others in order to show their interest.
D) Women typically assert their own,dominant status through prolonged eye contact when not speaking.

Question 44

Tim's boss is expecting him to be available via email and phone 24 hours a day,and to be in the office for 18 hours a day.What is Tim experiencing?

A) role strain
B) role conflict
C) status inconsistency
D) status frustration

Question 45

Which of the following relates to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles?

A) social networking
B) social solidarity
C) cultural bonding
D) cultural diffusion

Question 46

What is the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves?

A) behavioural modification
B) dramaturgical analysis
C) ethnomethodology
D) impression management

Question 47

What kind of social cohesion involves a minimal division of labour and results in people who feel united by shared values and common social bonds?

A) organic solidarity
B) mechanical solidarity
C) primitive solidarity
D) preindustrial solidarity

Question 48

What typically occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies?

A) status inconsistency
B) role strain
C) status frustration
D) role conflict

Question 49

Bob is always on time for his job,and he completes all his tasks efficiently.Bob's behaviour is captured by which term?

A) role expectation
B) expected behaviour
C) normative evaluation
D) role performance

Question 50

Mark works as a CEO for a global company and travels at least two weeks every month.Which of the following in Mark's life is likely to be most adversely affected by his employment?

A) primary groups
B) secondary groups
C) work colleagues
D) emergent social institutions

Question 51

Which of the following is the best example of a stigma?

A) owning an expensive suit
B) wearing a psychiatric hospital uniform
C) carrying a sociology textbook
D) being right-handed

Question 52

What is the process of analyzing a social context in which we find ourselves,determining what is in our best interest,and adjusting our attitudes and actions accordingly?

A) definition of the situation
B) interactionist dialogue
C) reality impression
D) self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 53

Jean works at a cafe where he is expected to be friendly to all the customers,even if they are rude.What is this component of Jean's job an example of?

A) emotional labour
B) broken feeling rules
C) alienation and commercialization of feelings
D) absence of feeling rules

Question 54

Dominant groups,particularly high-income white males in powerful economic and political statuses,perpetuate a dominant worldview.What is this worldview frequently seen as?

A) social reality
B) nonsocial reality
C) antisocial reality
D) super social reality

Question 55

What does a functionalist believe is needed to provide meaning and a sense of purpose?

A) a democratic government
B) social institutions
C) primary groups
D) social solidarity

Question 56

What term describes a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations?

A) society
B) social structure
C) village
D) capital

Question 57

Timothy is a stay-at-home Dad who is also in grad school.He studies and writes from home while taking care of his two daughters.What does this blending of father responsibilities and student responsibilities indicate about Timothy?

A) He does not insulate his roles.
B) He does not complete his roles.
C) He does not accomplish his roles.
D) He does not perform his roles.

Question 58

When is role distancing most likely to occur?

A) when social identities are consistent with how a person wants to live his or her life
B) when people are in roles inconsistent with how they think of themselves or how they want others to view them
C) when role strain and role conflict are completely absent
D) when a person is unsure about his or her role expectations

Question 59

Most people know that fist-pumping and cheering to demonstrate celebration that would be appropriate for a sporting event would not be appropriate for a funeral.How do they know this?

A) feeling rules
B) face-saving behaviours
C) emotional labours
D) socio-emotional norms

Question 60

How did Émile Durkheim define mechanical solidarity?

A) social cohesion found in industrial (and perhaps postindustrial)societies,in which people perform specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence
B) social relationships based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship,and on intergenerational stability
C) social bonds based on impersonal and specialized relationships,with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values
D) social cohesion in preindustrial societies,in which there is minimal division of labour and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds

Question 61

What do sociologists mean when they employ the term status?

A) having a higher economic position relative to other members of society
B) a socially defined position with a group that has certain expectations,duties,and rights
C) the expectations,duties,and rights that come with financial security
D) specific people who occupy socially defined positions in any given society

Question 62

The text points out that people sometimes prioritize their roles or compartmentalize their lives.Why is such behaviour likely?

A) role ambiguity
B) role frustration
C) role inconsistency
D) role conflict

Question 63

Annie is born into a Chinese family.What kind of statuses are her gender and ethnicity?

A) achieved
B) socioeconomic
C) ascribed
D) occupational

Question 64

According to Goffman,what kind of behaviour is someone displaying when they show they are aware that others are present but do not make them the object of their attention?

A) civil inattention
B) selective attention
C) passive rudeness
D) reserved non-attention

Question 65

The Universities of Ottawa and British Columbia and the government of Newfoundland and Labrador are examples of what?

A) groups
B) social organizations
C) formal organizations
D) working groups

Question 66

Alex has just moved out of his parent's house for the first time.He hasn't sorted out with his parents who pays for groceries or when they spend time together.What would a sociologist suggest is happening to Alex?

A) He is depressed.
B) He is experiencing role ambiguity.
C) He is frustrated.
D) He is experiencing role conflict.

Question 67

Tim and his dad see a protest march as they are driving home from the grocery store.Tim sees the protesters as fighting for their rights.His dad,however,sees them as ungrateful trouble makers.What sociological concept would help explain what happened here?

A) definition of the situation
B) interaction order
C) civil inattention
D) self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 68

Shiva,Tina,and Sam have been best friends since Grade 3.What are they an example of?

A) a primary social group
B) a social network
C) a secondary social group
D) a friendship group

Question 69

Which of the following best reflects the potential negative effects of emotional labour?

A) emotionless labour
B) broken feeling rules
C) alienation and commercialization of feelings
D) absence of feeling rules

Question 70

Which of the following best reflects the text's discussion of roles?

A) Role expectations do not always match role performance.
B) Role expectations vary little in terms of specificity.
C) Role expectations are typically based on strictly defined standards.
D) Role expectations are not defined in the context of roles performed by others.

Question 71

As an employee at a local grocery store,Sohail sometimes stocks shelves with canned goods.What term would we use to refer to his stocking the shelves?

A) Status
B) Stigma
C) role strain
D) Role

Question 72

In what perspective are both the ethnomethodological and dramaturgical approaches strongly rooted?

A) social conflict
B) symbolic interactionist
C) structural functionalist
D) postmodern

Question 73

What is the process by which people act toward or respond to other people,which is also the foundation for all relationships and groups in society?

A) social structure
B) group interaction
C) social interaction
D) structurally patterned behaviour

Question 74

Ramandeep is a student,a daughter,a niece,a friend and an employee.How would we refer to this list?

A) social infrastructure
B) master statuses
C) status set
D) role set

Question 75

Susan is a doctor who volunteers at a free clinic.What kind of status is this an example of?

A) valued
B) socioeconomic
C) ascribed
D) achieved

Question 76

Sven has been living in Canada for two years.He often finds himself straddling the cultures of his birth country and his adopted country.What term captures this state?

A) role identity
B) social marginality
C) socioeconomic position
D) role diagram

Question 77

According to the structural functional perspective,why are social institutions necessary?

A) They meet certain human biological needs.
B) They ensure specific groups conform to ideologist and behaviour patterns.
C) They provide symbolic meaning to individuals.
D) They perform essential tasks to meet society's needs.

Question 78

Which term refers to the transfer of information between persons without the use of speech?

A) on-stage dramatization
B) nonverbal communication
C) emotional interaction
D) back stage implication

Question 79

Susan is a teacher,a mother,a wife,a volunteer,and a gardener.What is this collection of socially defined positions called?

A) her social position
B) her social status
C) her status set
D) her master status

Question 80

What term is used for the process by which our perception of reality is shaped largely by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience?

A) self-fulfilling prophesy
B) regulation of the content of social interaction
C) social construction of reality
D) interaction order