Deck 4: Socialization

Question 1

Significant others is a term that refers to romantic partners.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Resocialization can be voluntary or involuntary.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The basic assumption in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach is that human behaviour and personality originate from unconscious forces within individuals.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Jean Piaget believed that in the preoperational stage,children begin to use words as mental
symbols and to form mental images.

Question 5

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's moral reasoning classification,most adults reach the postconventional level by age 65.

Question 6

Genie and Anna demonstrate the negative effects of social isolation.

Question 7

Involuntary resocialization in prison generally results in the person conforming to the norms of society.

Question 8

According to Charles Horton Cooley,our sense of who we are is based on our perceptions of what other people think of us.

Question 9

Piaget asserted that children do not have object permanence until they are four years old.

Question 10

Self identity,along with the physical,mental,and social skills needed for survival,are all acquired through socialization.

Question 11

Degradation ceremonies often take place in total institutions.

Question 12

According to Mead,children begin to see themselves in relation to others during the play stage of self development.

Question 13

Freud is a key thinker in the cognitive moral perspective.

Question 14

In Canada,several specific rites of passage exist to mark children's move into adulthood.

Question 15

A rite of passage for finishing high school is a degradation ceremony.

Question 16

Social devaluation occurs when a person or group is considered to have more social value than other individuals or groups.

Question 17

Self-concept is the totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves.

Question 18

Some social scientists believe that a child's sense of self is formed at a very early age and that it is difficult to change later in life.

Question 19

Key symbolic interactionists are Charles Horton Cooley,George Herbert Mead,and William A.Corsaro

Question 20

Socialization refers solely to the formal process by which we learn a new role.

Question 21

Our view of the world as hostile or safe is due in large part to our upbringing and childhood experiences.

Question 22

Most sociologists agree that biological principles can be used to explain all human behaviour.

Question 23

Child neglect occurs when a child's basic needs-including emotional warmth and security,adequate shelter,food,healthcare,education,clothing,and protection-are not met.

Question 24

The age cohort 30 to 40 is the most likely group to experience social devaluation.

Question 25

Who pioneered the field of sociobiology?

A) Harry Harlow and Margaret Harlow
B) Edward O.Wilson
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Wilbert Moore

Question 26

Late adolescent experiences are fairly consistent despite class differences.

Question 27

According to Sigmund Freud,which component of personality includes all of the individual's basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification?

A) the id
B) the ego
C) the superego
D) the psychic energy

Question 28

Suppose you took a symbolic interactionist perspective on socialization in schools.What claim would you likely make?

A) What happens daily influences students' beliefs about gender and ideas about aggression or cooperation.
B) Some students have more ability to master the hidden curriculum than others.
C) Schools effectively select,train,and prepare individuals for placement in different positions in society.
D) Teachers systematically evaluate and systematically compare students with one another.

Question 29

What name did Goffman give to places where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who are in charge?

A) resocializing institutions
B) boot camps
C) total institutions
D) complete institutions

Question 30

What differentiates an individual who has reached the postconventional level of moral development?

A) their concern with meeting needs
B) their concern for rights and moral conduct
C) their concern with rules and punishment
D) their concern with approval from others

Question 31

According to conflict theorists,which aspect of school teaches children to value competition,materialism,work over play,obedience to authority,and attentiveness?

A) peer groups
B) multimedia lessons
C) hidden curriculum
D) mass media

Question 32

What teachings are particular to middle class parents generally?

A) Middle-class parents have typically focused on the importance of wealth,power,and privilege.
B) Middle-class parents have typically focused on academic achievement and the importance of hard work to achieve.
C) Middle-class parents have little time to help their children learn about things that will help them succeed in school and life.
D) Middle-class parents have typically focused on using the social welfare system to avoid entering the workforce.

Question 33

What term refers to a group of people who are linked by common interests,equal social position,and (usually)similar age?

A) school class
B) social media bloggers
C) peer groups
D) proletariat

Question 34

According to George Herbert Mead,children in the early months of life do not realize that they are separate from others.

Question 35

Children cannot engage in symbolic thought or use language during the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

Question 36

If you followed the work of Jean Piaget,what would you argue is responsible for governing children's activities?

A) individual psyches
B) perception of the world around them
C) socialization
D) interactions with others

Question 37

Harlow and Harlow (1962,1977)tested the effects of social isolation on human babies.

Question 38

One of the least important types of adult socialization is workplace socialization.

Question 39

Children are able to engage in highly abstract thought and understand places,things,and events they have never seen during the operational stage of development.

Question 40

How do peer groups function as agents of socialization?

A) Peers provide a close link to parents and schools.
B) Peers contribute to our sense of belonging and self-worth.
C) Peers reinforce the hidden curriculum.
D) Peers are the most important source of socialization for all young people.

Question 41

A teacher experiencing reciprocal socialization with a class of teens in 2016 is more likely to be caught saying which of the following?

A) Totally dude.
B) Gnarly.
C) Groovy man.
D) LOL

Question 42

What term is used for the study of the interplay between nature and nurture?

A) psychophysiology
B) sociobiology
C) psychology
D) zoology

Question 43

Lisa wants to be an architect when she grows up.She reads about the profession and studies hard.What term best reflects this?

A) anticipatory socialization
B) sex socialization
C) age socialization
D) occupational socialization

Question 44

For Freud,a newborn baby has which component of the personality intact at birth?

A) id
B) generalized other
C) superego
D) ego

Question 45

Bar and Bat Mitzvah,Quinceanera,and Sweet 16 celebrations are all examples of what?

A) childhood festivals
B) the transition from going to school to working
C) rites of passage
D) preconventional festivals

Question 46

What term is used for the situation in which a child's basic needs-including emotional warmth and security,and adequate shelter,food,healthcare,education,clothing,and protection-are not met,regardless of the cause?

A) physical
B) exploitation
C) criminal sexual assault
D) neglect

Question 47

According to the text's discussion of the looking-glass self,which of the following scenarios is possible?

A) Mary's self-concept is static during her interactions with friends and family.
B) Jane develops a self-identity based on incorrect assumptions of how her peers view her.
C) Sara reaches adulthood with a permanently fixed sense of self.
D) Karen's significant others become less important as she gets older.

Question 48

Which term refers to the buffer between childhood and adulthood in industrialized societies?

A) anticipatory socialization
B) adolescence
C) rite of passage
D) occupational socialization

Question 49

Bob and Seth are both middle class and in Grade 5.They both like to ride bikes,play soccer,and hang around in the same group of friends.What group do Bob and Seth share?

A) reference group
B) peer group
C) class group
D) primary group

Question 50

What field of study did Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget pioneer?

A) psychoanalysis
B) psychosocial development
C) cognitive development
D) interactionism

Question 51

Sigmund Freud lived in an era characterized by which of the following?

A) Emotional explanations of human behaviour were prevalent.
B) Biological explanations of human behaviour were prevalent.
C) Psychological explanations for human behaviour were prevalent.
D) Sexual explanations for human behaviour were prevalent.

Question 52

In what stage of Jean Piaget's theory are individuals able to engage in highly abstract thought,able to think about the future,and able to evaluate different options or courses of action?

A) the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
B) the formal operational stage of cognitive development
C) the preoperational stage of cognitive development
D) the concrete operational stage of cognitive development

Question 53

Which trait is NOT determined predominantly by heredity?

A) hair colour
B) eye colour
C) height
D) our dental hygiene practices

Question 54

The custom of buying pink for female babies and blue for male babies is an example of what?

A) gender socialization
B) hidden curriculum
C) peer socialization
D) resocialization

Question 55

Suppose Greg mentally assumes the role of his father in order to understand the world from an adult's point of view.What would a sociologist employing Mead's theory argue?

A) Greg is role exploring.
B) Greg is role assuming.
C) Greg is role developing.
D) Greg is role taking.

Question 56

What term is used when a person begins to construct their own roles?

A) role-taking
B) role-making
C) role-playing
D) role-rejecting

Question 57

What kind of theorists would Charles Horton Cooley and George H.Mead best be classified as?

A) functionalists
B) conflict theorists
C) symbolic interactionists
D) feminist theorists

Question 58

What did psychologists Harry Harlow and Margaret Harlow do in a series of laboratory experiments?

A) They isolated human infants and studied them in separate environments.
B) They took infant rhesus monkeys from their mothers and isolated them in separate cages.
C) They determined that,unlike human beings,lower primates do not suffer ill effects from social isolation.
D) They showed that social isolation has many positive effects on behaviour.

Question 59

Rosita is helping her family plan their next summer vacation.They are going to Nova Scotia.Even though Rosita has never been there before,she is able to make choices about what she wants to do.Which state of development is she at,according to Piaget?

A) the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
B) the formal operational stage of cognitive development
C) the preoperational stage of cognitive development
D) the concrete operational stage of cognitive development

Question 60

Which statement best characterizes Mead's "me"?

A) The "me" is composed of the internalized attitudes and demands of others,and the individual's awareness of those demands.
B) The "me" is composed of subjective and objective parts.
C) The "me" is composed of spontaneous and unique traits of each person.
D) The "me" is composed and developed before the "I."

Question 61

Teens who attend driver training or practise driving with an adult driver are engaging in what form of socialization?

A) primary
B) anticipatory
C) gender
D) preparatory

Question 62

What would a functionalist argue about schools as an agent of socialization?

A) At school,students learn the hidden curriculum.
B) At school,daily interactions affect belief systems and challenge students' ideas about power.
C) At school,students learn culture,how to be productive members of society,and where they fit relative to their peers.
D) At school,gender,race,and class hierarchies are challenged,and students can question the differential selection,training,and placement of individuals.

Question 63

What is the period from age 40 to age 60 called?

A) old age
B) young adulthood
C) middle adulthood
D) late adulthood

Question 64

According to Jean Piaget's theory,when do we think in terms of tangible objects and actual events?

A) after reaching the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
B) after reaching the formal operational stage of cognitive development
C) after reaching the preoperational stage of cognitive development
D) after reaching the concrete operational stage of cognitive development

Question 65

What does the case of Genie,an isolated child,illustrate?

A) Children who have been isolated can become a part of the mainstream,providing they have proper therapy.
B) Children who have experienced extreme isolation do not live long enough to reach adulthood.
C) Children who experience social isolation and neglect may end up permanently mentally challenged in adulthood.
D) Children who are neglected can be successfully socialized with extensive treatment.

Question 66

Lee's parents are very important to him.He seeks their affection and approval.What term describes his parents?

A) significant others
B) the generalized other
C) the looking-glass self
D) the "I" to "me" transition

Question 67

From a functionalist perspective,what purpose does the family serve with respect to children?

A) socializing forces
B) agents of socialization
C) social reference points
D) role sets

Question 68

A 65-year-old man is retiring from his job as a high school teacher.He is a bit nervous,since this job has really defined his identity and provided him with meaningful activity for his working life.What potential problem would a sociologist say that the man is worried about?

A) occupational devaluation
B) social devaluation
C) anticipatory devaluation
D) ceremonial devaluation

Question 69

In what stage of self-development do individuals learn to use language and other symbols,thus enabling them to pretend to take the roles of specific people?

A) preparatory
B) game
C) play
D) generalized

Question 70

What are the most frequent forms of child abuse?

A) emotional maltreatment and sexual abuse
B) physical abuse and sexual abuse
C) exposure to intimate partner violence and neglect
D) emotional maltreatment and physical abuse

Question 71

What is Alcoholics Anonymous and its 12-step program for dealing with alcohol addiction an example of?

A) voluntary resocialization
B) involuntary resocialization
C) total institution resocialization
D) degradation ceremony

Question 72

Catherine knows that when her mom hides the ball behind her back that the ball is still there.What is this an example of?

A) the concrete operational stage
B) the ego
C) object permanence
D) the sensory other

Question 73

What would a functionalist perspective on socialization explore?

A) how families create,bear,and socialize children
B) how families teach children about language and symbols
C) how families allow children to spend time on the Internet
D) how families contribute to the reproduction of social class

Question 74

According Carol Gilligan's research,what kind of criteria are men socialized to base their moral decisions on?

A) justice
B) selfish concerns
C) compassion and care
D) making other people happy

Question 75

Which of the components of our self-concept is reflected in the statement "I play golf well"?

A) physical
B) active
C) social
D) psychological

Question 76

What do conflict theorists argue about socialization?

A) Socialization disrupts class structure for future generations.
B) Socialization represses class structure within a generation.
C) Socialization reproduces the class structure in the next generation.
D) Socialization alters class structure for subsequent generations.

Question 77

What do the cases of Genie and Anna demonstrate about depriving children of socialization?

A) It has purely social impacts which can be overcome with intensive socialization.
B) It has social,physical,and psychological impacts that are almost impossible to overcome with intensive socialization.
C) It has purely physical impacts that can be overcome with physiotherapy.
D) It has purely psychological impacts that cannot be overcome by therapy.

Question 78

Balancing the needs of the individual against the needs of society is an important purpose of socialization,according to which perspective?

A) symbolic interactionist
B) functionalist
C) feminist
D) conflict

Question 79

Team sports are appropriate for individuals who have reached what stage of development?

A) preparatory
B) play
C) generalized
D) game

Question 80

"We know ourselves when we see ourselves as we believe others see us" is a statement most likely said by whom?

A) a symbolic interactionist
B) a conflict theorist
C) a feminist
D) a psychoanalyst