Deck 23: Demographic and Urbanization Issues

Question 1

Countries with high birth rates also have low infant mortality rates.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Decreased education of women in low-income countries is one of the main reasons the population rate has slowed in recent decades.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A major trend in the postmodern city is the re-appearance of public space.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In Canada,there are more females than males in the population.

Question 5

According to Malthus,preventive population checks include mortality risks such as famine and disease.

Question 6

Canada has transitioned from an assimilationist to a pluralist immigration policy.

Question 7

In most of the industrialized world,women are having fewer children.

Question 8

According to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,the most important issue with regard to food supply is overpopulation.

Question 9

According to Malthus,the population,if left unchecked,would exceed the available food supply.

Question 10

In studying the growth of cities,functionalists emphasize the life cycle of urban growth.

Question 11

In many countries,infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death.

Question 12

Increases or decreases in population have a significant impact on the social,economic,and political structures of societies.

Question 13

As a society modernizes,there is a time lag between the decrease in the death rate and a corresponding decrease in the birth rate.

Question 14

The baby boom transformed society in many ways.

Question 15

Cities are a relatively recent innovation,with about 50 percent of the world's population living in cities just over 200 years ago.

Question 16

Preindustrial cities had little sense of community.

Question 17

According to Herbert Gans's typology of urban dwellers,ethnic villagers are people who can find no escape from the city.

Question 18

According to the feminist perspective of urbanization,cities may offer a broader range of lifestyle choices,some of which do not involve traditional patriarchal family structures.

Question 19

In some countries,governmental policies directly affect the fertility rate.

Question 20

One key similarity between Canadian and American cities is the racial tension.

Question 21

According to Louis Wirth,people who live in urban areas feel connected to their neighbours,fulfilled,and powerful.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT one of Gans's (1982)major categories of adaptation among urban dwellers?

A) ethnic villagers
B) urbanites
C) deprived
D) migrants

Question 23

At a downtown shop,a clerk routinely says to patrons who enter a store,"How are you?" What does this illustrate,according to Louis Wirth's symbolic interactionist perspective?

A) how gender and city life are related
B) the importance of political economy
C) that urbanism is a way of life
D) that there is a wide diversity of lifestyles found in urban areas

Question 24

According to projections by the United Nations,how many people will there be in the world in 2050?

A) 2.5 billion
B) 4.4 billion
C) 6.8 billion
D) 8.2 billion

Question 25

What does the neo-Malthusian perspective help us to understand?

A) immigration policy
B) the dangers of overpopulation
C) fantasy cities
D) urbanism as a way of life

Question 26

For conflict theorists,gentrification cuts down on the hardships faced by poor people by improving the economic conditions in depressed areas of our cities.

Question 27

Tracy Nielsen notes that the gay/lesbian subculture has developed signalling and receiving behaviour called gaydar so individuals can identify one another.

Question 28

Emigration is the movement of people into a geographic area to take up residency.

Question 29

According to Burgess's concentric zone model,what happens if low-income families take up residence in Zone 2,where more wealthy families used to own homes?

A) invasion
B) succession
C) gentrification
D) diffusion

Question 30

Conflict theorists argue that cities do not grow or decline by chance.

Question 31

Which perspective would claim that people become insensitive to individuals and events around them because of the intensity of city life?

A) feminist theory
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionist theory
D) postmodern theory

Question 32

The presence of others from one's former home plays a large role in determining where new immigrants settle in Canada.

Question 33

Georg Simmel noted that urban living could have a liberating effect on people because they had opportunities for individualism and autonomy.

Question 34

A country in Asia calculates that 12.7 of its people die each year for every 1,000 people in its population.By what term do we refer to the number 12.7 in this scenario?

A) the crude death rate
B) the total death rate
C) the mortality rate
D) the death rate

Question 35

According to the theory of demographic transition,much population growth occurs in societies in the advanced stages of industrialization and urbanization.

Question 36

What would you find in Zone 2 of the concentric zone model?

A) recent immigrants and poor families
B) the central business district
C) working-class residences,shops,and ethnic enclaves
D) persons who commute to the central city to work

Question 37

Indigenous people living in Canada have a life expectancy of approximately 81 years.

Question 38

If there is a mass influx of people into Canada to take up residency,which of the following will increase?

A) migration
B) immigration
C) emigration
D) geographic mobility

Question 39

What was the largest preindustrial city?

A) New York City
B) Babylon
C) Rome
D) Athens

Question 40

New immigrants are less highly educated than native-born Canadians.

Question 41

Eric is teaching a course on the distinctive social and psychological patterns of life typically found in the city.Which of the following terms best describes the focus of Eric's course?

A) migration
B) urbanism
C) cosmopolitanism
D) environmental determinism

Question 42

The Shaws have recently moved from Scotland to Canada.What demographic trend(s)do they demonstrate?

A) immigration
B) emigration
C) emigration and immigration
D) geographic mobility

Question 43

Which of the following relates to Stage 1 of the demographic transition theory?

A) post-industrialization
B) early industrialization
C) advanced industrialization and urbanization
D) preindustrial societies

Question 44

What percentage of the population is accepted as immigrants in Canada each year?

A) less than 1 percent
B) approximately 2 percent
C) between 3 percent and 5 percent
D) over 5 percent

Question 45

Two hundred years ago,approximately what percentage of the world's population lived in cities?

A) 3 percent
B) 13 percent
C) 23 percent
D) 43 percent

Question 46

Which of the following was likely the most important factor in the growth of cities in North America?

A) immigration
B) the Industrial Revolution
C) World War II
D) the invention of the automobile

Question 47

Which of the following best characterizes Canada's immigration policy today?

A) differential exclusion
B) differential inclusion
C) assimilationist
D) pluralist

Question 48

Which term refers to the number of males for every 100 females in a given population?

A) sex distribution
B) rate of gender composition
C) population composition
D) crude sex rate

Question 49

A group called Save the Earth is protesting in India against population growth and attempting to sway people to eat less and consider the environment more.This group appears to share the same assumptions as which perspective?

A) the Malthusian perspective
B) the Marxist perspective
C) the neo-Malthusian perspective
D) the environmental perspective

Question 50

What analogy have some demographers used to describe the way in which the baby boom generation has moved up the population pyramid?

A) a mountain
B) a cow out to pasture
C) a pig that has been swallowed by a python
D) a muffin overflowing outside the tin

Question 51

Refer to Scenario 1.If a group of youth came to the new mall and attempted to just sit for hours at a time in one of the food courts without purchasing anything,a postmodern perspective would argue that it is likely security guards would have them removed.Why?

A) They are youth and assumed to be causing trouble.
B) While we all have free access to public space,we can all be denied entrance to private space even if that space is open to the public.
C) Spaces open to the public are necessarily public spaces and therefore all patrons have unlimited access.
D) They have invaded the private space of other patrons.

Question 52

Which of the following statements best describes Canada's immigration policies?

A) Immigrants are allowed access to the labour market but denied social benefits.
B) Immigrants are incorporated into the host society through conformity.
C) Immigrants are encouraged to retain their ethnic languages and cultures.
D) Immigrants with marketable skills receive better legal rights than unskilled immigrants.

Question 53

Which statement best describes public attitudes toward visible minority immigrants?

A) Canada still overtly discriminates against visible minority immigrants.
B) The majority of Canadians believe that immigrants from Europe make a positive contribution.
C) Public attitudes toward immigrants are no longer considered an issue.
D) Caribbean immigrants are viewed more favourably than Asian immigrants.

Question 54

What percentage of Canada's current population is made up of immigrants?

A) approximately 1 percent
B) approximately 5 percent
C) approximately 15 percent
D) approximately 20 percent

Question 55

Baljit recently moved to Vancouver from India and prefers to live among recent immigrants.Which of the following forms of adaptation best describes Baljit?

A) cosmopolite
B) deprived
C) ethnic villager
D) trapped

Question 56

Based on population projections for 2015,the population pyramid for what country has the greatest number of young individuals and the fewest number of elderly?

A) Canada
B) Russia
C) Mexico
D) France

Question 57

Which perspective notes that urban planners have now turned to the entertainment industry to help restore their cities and have tried to create what John Hannigan calls the "fantasy city"?

A) feminist theory
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionist theory
D) postmodernist theory

Question 58

What would you find in Zone 1 of the concentric zone model?

A) homes for affluent families
B) a movie theatre,shops,and big business buildings
C) working-class residences,shops,and ethnic enclaves
D) bars,an immigrant centre,and a transient population

Question 59

Refer to Scenario 1.What major feature of the postmodern city is evident in the above scenario?

A) the return to industrial cities
B) the disappearance of public space
C) the decentred city
D) the modern city

Question 60

Refer to Scenario 1.What is one potential outcome of projects such as this that is characteristic of the postmodern city?

A) feelings of safety,privacy,and luxury
B) social cohesion
C) inclusivity
D) fragmentation

Question 61

What is the most basic measure of fertility?

A) total fecundity rate
B) age-specific birth rate
C) crude birth rate
D) gross reproduction rate

Question 62

If you were to use a Marxist perspective,which argument would you make against the Malthusian perspective?

A) Capitalism does produce poverty but is not solely responsible for the population problem.
B) Socialist economies have very different demographic trends than capitalist societies.
C) Unchecked population growth would reduce the doubling effect.
D) Overpopulation comes when capitalists exploit workers with low wages and force them to be more productive with the threat of a reserve army,which eventually leads to unemployment,worker dissatisfaction,and revolt.

Question 63

Which of the following cities has the largest proportion of recent immigrants?

A) Regina
B) Vancouver
C) Quebec City
D) Calgary

Question 64

Which statement best summarizes the text's discussion of infant mortality rates?

A) Countries with low birth rates also have high infant mortality rates.
B) Infant mortality rates are low among Canada's Indigenous population.
C) Infant mortality rates reflect a society's level of palliative care.
D) The impact of modernization on infant mortality rates has been dramatic.

Question 65

Naomi is writing about urban growth from a conflict perspective.Which statement best exemplifies her views?

A) The need for manual labour is the major reason for the expansion of cities.
B) Economic competition produces regularities in population distributions.
C) The city provides a broader range of lifestyle choices for subordinate groups.
D) The intensity of the city can lead people to become insensitive to their surroundings.

Question 66

In 2011,what was the crude death rate in Canada per 1,000?

A) 8
B) 11
C) 17
D) 21

Question 67

What was the world's population in 2015?

A) 2.5 billion
B) 4.4 billion
C) 7.2 billion
D) 9.1 billion

Question 68

According to the text,from which country did most immigrants come to Canada in 2013?

A) U.K.
B) Philippines
C) China
D) Germany

Question 69

Today,approximately what percentage of the world's population lives in cities?

A) almost 20 percent
B) more than 35 percent
C) almost 50 percent
D) almost 60 percent

Question 70

According to the text,the population distribution in some U.S.cities has left a poor central core area with no industry,no job opportunities,poor schools,deteriorated housing,and no tax base to help improve things.What name have critics given this kind of city?

A) muffin city
B) project city
C) doughnut city
D) urban-suburban city

Question 71

Why has there been relatively little migration from Western European countries to Canada over the past 30 years?

A) Laws favour immigrants from certain countries.
B) People in those countries have had very few "push" factors to motivate them to immigrate to Canada.
C) Restrictive laws in Western European countries severely restrict emigration.
D) Most immigrants from Western European countries prefer to go to the United States.

Question 72

Cara is analyzing how sprawling metropolitan areas have a negative impact on the environment.Which theoretical perspective is Cara most likely to use?

A) conflict
B) postmodern
C) symbolic interactionist
D) functionalist

Question 73

What do sociologists call the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year?

A) the crude death rate
B) the total death rate
C) the death rate
D) the mortality rate

Question 74

Malia has moved to Canada from Ghana.What was likely of primary concern in her choosing where to settle in Canada?

A) language
B) availability of jobs
C) presence of others from her former home
D) crime rate

Question 75

Dr.Thoms examines social relationships and political and economic structures in the city.Which statement best describes his work?

A) Dr.Thoms examines metropolitan cities.
B) Dr.Thoms is an urban planner.
C) Dr.Thoms is an urban sociologist.
D) Dr.Thoms is a demographer.

Question 76

According to the text,which statement accurately reflects immigration and the law in Canada?

A) South Asians were exempt from harsh discrimination when they began to immigrate in 1903 to work as labourers on the Canadian Pacific Railway.
B) Like other Western countries,Canada restricted the entry of non-white immigrants and curtailed the rights of those admitted through racist and exclusionary policies.
C) Immigration policy was open for admission of Jews,especially during the Holocaust.
D) Canada still overtly discriminates against visible minority immigrants.

Question 77

Karla is examining social relationships and political and economic structures in the city.What subfield is Karla studying?

A) post-industrial sociology
B) demographic transition
C) urban sociology
D) demography

Question 78

Joshua is a first-year university student who has always been interested in learning about population distribution and composition.What subfield of sociology should Joshua study?

A) social ecology
B) demography
C) urban sociology
D) epidemiology

Question 79

Kevin is studying the significance of terrain and the importance of transportation routes in the layout of cities.Which theoretical perspective is Kevin using?

A) the gentrification model
B) the sector model
C) the multiple nuclei model
D) the urban growth model

Question 80

After the baby boom came a decrease in birth rates,which is referred to as what?

A) baby boom echo
B) baby decline
C) baby overload
D) baby bust