Deck 19: Population and Urbanization

Question 1

Job segmentation and isolation of workers can contribute to alienation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A major tenet of capitalism is the belief that people are free to maximize their individual gain through personal profit.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

People with disabilities are much more likely to be employed than other Canadians.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Capitalism is an economic system characterized by public ownership of the means of production,the pursuit of collective goals,and centralized decision making.

Question 5

Contingent work is part-time work that offers advantages to employers but can be detrimental to the welfare of workers.

Question 6

Most workers in preindustrial economies engage in primary sector production.

Question 7

Managers and supervisors make up the fastest-growing segment of the contingent workforce.

Question 8

Karl Marx argued that when people pursue their own interests,they are guided by an "invisible hand" to promote the best interests of society.

Question 9

In preindustrial economies,most workers engage in secondary sector production.

Question 10

Like "pure" capitalism,"pure" socialism exists.

Question 11

The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed persons in the labour force who no longer actively seek jobs.

Question 12

An occupation may be characterized as a profession when workers are autonomous,rely on abstract specialized knowledge,have authority and a concern for others,and the work is self-regulating.

Question 13

Assembly lines are rapidly disappearing from all sectors of the Canadian economy.

Question 14

The differential piece-rate system is a central component of scientific management.

Question 15

Feminist research draws attention to the fact that the home is a workplace and that women do a great deal of unpaid work at home.

Question 16

In industrial economies,workers increasingly manufacture goods rather than provide services.

Question 17

The early Canadian economy was based on the sale of staple goods.

Question 18

The majority of workers in post-industrial economies provide services rather than manufacture goods.

Question 19

Under Fordism,as productivity increased,workers began to grow increasingly alienated as they saw themselves becoming robot labourers.

Question 20

Communism is an economic system characterized by public ownership of the means of production,the pursuit of collective goals,and centralized decision making.

Question 21

When a huge coal mine in a small town closes,workers are forced to find other employment.A high-technology firm has moved to the community,but very few of the former mine employees have the required skills to work there.This exemplifies which of the following?

A) job loss
B) lack of labour unions
C) unemployment rate
D) unemployment

Question 22

Scientific management is also referred to as Taylorism.

Question 23

According to Marx,the working class would become less impoverished and less alienated under socialism.

Question 24

Which theory focuses on the meaning of work and job satisfaction as a source of personal identity?

A) functionalist theory
B) interactionist theory
C) conflict theory
D) feminist theory

Question 25

Ideally,capitalism works best with government intervention in the marketplace.

Question 26

Which term best describes an economic system that combines elements of a market economy with elements of a command economy?

A) communism
B) socialism
C) democratic socialism
D) capitalism

Question 27

China is an example of democratic socialism.

Question 28

What change in the nature of the workplace demonstrates the impact of communications technology on work?

A) Working at a fixed workstation is required.
B) Knowledge workers do not benefit from technology.
C) Many workers are not tied to a fixed place of employment.
D) Working from home lowers productivity and efficiency.

Question 29

Who is most likely to resist gender equality?

A) both males and females
B) men who benefit from gender bias
C) women who benefit from gender bias
D) those who do not benefit from gender bias

Question 30

A post-industrial economy is focused more on information than property.

Question 31

A small-scale farm that produces enough for subsistence would be classified as which of the following?

A) primary sector
B) secondary sector
C) tertiary level
D) micro level

Question 32

The United States is much closer to a mixed economy than Canada.

Question 33

Which of the following is a consequence of automation?

A) increased privacy for employees
B) the increased necessity for managers
C) deskilling manager's jobs
D) difficulties in measuring productivity

Question 34

Canada currently has what is termed an industrial economy.

Question 35

Which of the following jobs is the most autonomous?

A) carpenter
B) lawyer
C) office manager
D) factory shift supervisor

Question 36

Symbolic interactionists examine the meaning of work in people's lives.

Question 37

A mixed economy is sometimes referred to as democratic capitalism.

Question 38

The ongoing struggle between workers and employers is of particular interest to what kind of theorist?

A) a functionalist theorist
B) an interactionist theorist
C) a conflict theorist
D) a postmodern theorist

Question 39

The rate of union membership among workers in Canada is lower than in the United States.

Question 40

Sun Blockers Sunglasses Inc.builds new centres of operation,hires 400 more employees,and increases production.This company is in which of the following periods?

A) trough
B) recession
C) inflation
D) expansion

Question 41

What is the most common form of employment in an industrial economy?

A) wage labour
B) people working for themselves
C) people working for a family member
D) service work

Question 42

Heather cleans six different homes each week.As such,she is a part-time worker employed several hours a week by each household.Which of the following is characteristic of the conditions of workers such as Heather?

A) protection under labour legislation with benefits
B) unionized work
C) lack of regularity,stability,and adequacy
D) overrepresentation of men

Question 43

Which of the following is the best example of a mixed economy?

A) the United States
B) Sweden
C) Japan
D) Canada

Question 44

A large corporation called Family Friends owns the businesses Children's Only,Kids Can Vitamins,and Animal Power Juice,which are all marketed to families as children's health products.Which of the following describes Family Friends best?

A) monopoly
B) oligopoly
C) shared monopoly
D) conglomerate

Question 45

What happened under early monopoly capitalism between 1890 and 1940?

A) Most ownership rapidly shifted to individuals.
B) Most ownership rapidly shifted to shareholder groups.
C) Most ownership rapidly shifted to huge corporations.
D) Most ownership rapidly shifted to bureaucracies.

Question 46

At a sewing factory,Alice and her co-workers are paid for the number of blouses they produce.What is this system called?

A) unit-pay system
B) the positive reinforcement system
C) the piece-rate system
D) the unit-produced system

Question 47

In 2013,what percentage of part-time workers were men?

A) 13 percent
B) 33 percent
C) 43 percent
D) 53 percent

Question 48

Which of the following best reflects hunting and gathering societies?

A) The production units are large.
B) The division of labour is by occupational specialty.
C) Most goods are produced by family members.
D) The economy becomes distinct from family life.

Question 49

Which of the following groups had a lower-than-average chance of being unemployed in Canada in recent years?

A) people from the Atlantic provinces
B) Indigenous peoples
C) people over age 25
D) persons with a disability

Question 50

Dr.George Davidson,a professor of chemistry,has what kind of occupation?

A) a profession
B) a career
C) a primary work position
D) an elite occupation

Question 51

In 2009,what percent of senior managers were men?

A) 49 percent
B) 56 percent
C) 63 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 52

What name would a sociologist give to jobs that differ from the employment norms of the society in which they are located?

A) extra-legal
B) lower tier
C) marginal
D) dysfunctional

Question 53

What is the official term for the percentage of unemployed persons in the labour force actively seeking jobs?

A) the poverty rate
B) the unemployment rate
C) the rate of joblessness
D) the jobless quotient

Question 54

What are physical and intellectual services that people contribute to the production process?

A) goods
B) labour
C) capital
D) human technology

Question 55

Which of the following statements does NOT describe the current research on unions?

A) Union membership declined during the 1980 and 1990 economic recessions.
B) The percentage of workers who belong to unions has declined since the 1980s.
C) Union membership is much lower in the U.S.A.than Canada.
D) Men are more likely than women to be unionized.

Question 56

Which of the following was an outcome of the 1937 General Motors strike in Oshawa?

A) It marked the beginning of industrial unionism in Canada.
B) Premiers were forbidden from preventing strikes.
C) Relations between workers and managers improved.
D) Women were granted the right to unionize.

Question 57

What percentage of the labour force is chronically unemployed?

A) under 5 percent
B) about 10 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 25 percent

Question 58

How are categories of jobs that involve similar activities at different work sites classified?

A) as occupations
B) as professions
C) as work titles
D) as job clusters

Question 59

Which of the following employees likely has the greatest job satisfaction?

A) Leila,who is not involved in the decision-making process
B) Kristine,whose work is closely supervised and knows exactly what is expected
C) Mina,who has very few responsibilities on the job
D) Jody,who feels she plays an important part in the outcome of her work

Question 60

Between 2005 and 2009,what did North America experience?

A) a recession
B) a trough
C) inflation
D) a correction

Question 61

A person with a thousand shares in MTS,a publicly traded company,has which of the following?

A) capital
B) goods
C) services
D) labour

Question 62

If prices for groceries,gas,and other products have undergone an increase in your community,what is happening?

A) a trough
B) a recession
C) inflation
D) an expansion period

Question 63

Which term refers to the rise and fall of economic activity relative to long-term growth in the economy?

A) a peak-trough
B) a corporate procedure
C) the productivity cycle
D) the business cycle

Question 64

According to sociologist George Ritzer,Dairy Queen's use of a soft-drink dispenser with a sensor exemplifies which of the following?

A) McDonaldization
B) Taylorism
C) professionalization
D) Fordism

Question 65

Why was the United Automobile Workers strike against General Motors in 1937 in Oshawa,Ontario,so important?

A) It marked the first time the provincial government refused to become involved in union-related issues.
B) It marked the beginning of industrial unionism in Canada.
C) The workers lost,which resulted in a major setback for the trade union movement.
D) It marked the end of industrial unionism,which up until that point had a stranglehold on most factories in Canada.

Question 66

In 2015,how many Americans did NOT have health insurance?

A) under 25 million
B) approximately 41 million
C) approximately 75 million
D) over 100 million

Question 67

Jenny is writing an essay about labour force segregation.Which theoretical perspective is Jenny most likely to use?

A) feminist
B) postmodern
C) conflict
D) functionalist

Question 68

What allows members of many professions to use their power to resist attempts by others to provide a service?

A) professional licence for services
B) legislation that gives members a monopoly on the provision of particular services
C) the status as professionals
D) workplace culture

Question 69

Steve routinely does landscaping and odd household jobs for friends and neighbours,who pay him "under the table." In which of the following is Steve a participant?

A) the hidden economy
B) the illegal economy
C) the barter economy
D) the underground economy

Question 70

What characterizes a post-industrial economy?

A) a centralized workplace structure
B) a traditional workplace culture that emphasizes an eight-hour workday
C) a blurring of traditional boundaries between work and home
D) a separation of the lines of work and home

Question 71

At Davidson Tooling Co.new employees are trained to perform a concise series of steps.What technique does this demonstrate?

A) mass production
B) Fordism
C) scientific management
D) Taylorism

Question 72

Which term do sociologists use to describe high-status,knowledge-based jobs?

A) occupations
B) professions
C) managers
D) executives

Question 73

Much of the beer sold in Canada is produced by a few companies,although beer is sold under a variety of brand names.What is this an example of?

A) a monopoly
B) a branding company
C) an oligopoly
D) a conglomerate

Question 74

Which term refers to an economy based on public ownership of the means of production,the pursuit of collective goals,and centralized decision making?

A) socialism
B) capitalism
C) communism
D) a mixed economy

Question 75

Why is the unemployment rate an incomplete measure?

A) It includes those actively searching for work.
B) It includes students.
C) It excludes those who have stopped looking for work.
D) It excludes part-time workers.

Question 76

Who controls the operation of an organization?

A) professionals
B) administrators
C) managers
D) supervisors

Question 77

Which of the following perspectives would argue that McDonald's and other fast-food chains exploit young and minority workers for corporate profits?

A) functionalist theory
B) conflict theory
C) feminist theory
D) postmodern theory

Question 78

Which statement best describes the relationship between unemployment and race?

A) Indigenous Canadians living on-reserve have the highest rate of unemployment.
B) Most visible minority immigrants with university degrees are working as managers.
C) Many immigrants have difficulty getting their foreign qualifications recognized by employers.
D) Employment rates for Indigenous people with postsecondary education are decreasing.

Question 79

The argument that we are moving into a post-industrial,information-based economy implies which of the following?

A) Technology is overtaking traditional jobs,such as factory and clerical work.
B) Computer programming and call centres will become less common.
C) The information age has more potential for jobs for everyone.
D) A mass workforce will replace an elite workforce.

Question 80

Conner is hired for road construction.What explains his unemployment during the winter months?

A) He is a temporary worker.
B) He is a precarious worker.
C) He is a contingent worker.
D) He is a part-time worker.