Deck 2: Cells and Cell Division

Question 1

Which genetic diseases involve defects in DNA repair that affect cell division?

A) Gaucher disease and Werner syndrome
B) Kearns-Sayre syndrome and progeria
C) progeria and Gaucher disease
D) Gaucher disease and cystic fibrosis
E) progeria and Werner syndrome

Answer 1

E

Question 2

In the cell cycle,the G1 phase represents ____.

A) the stage of DNA synthesis
B) splitting of the chromosomes into chromatids
C) a period of growth
D) the stage of actual cell division
E) the stage just prior to meiosis

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A polar body,once formed,has no further function and dies.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In meiosis,homologous chromosomes separate in ____.

A) metaphase I
B) anaphase I
C) metaphase II
D) anaphase II
E) telophase

Question 5

The process of meiosis results in ____.

A) the production of four identical cells
B) no change in the chromosome number from parental cells
C) a doubling of the chromosome number
D) a reduction in the chromosome number
E) two diploid cells

Question 6

Mitotic divisions reduce the number of chromosomes found in daughter cells.

Question 7

Random assortment occurs between chromatids of homologous chromosome pairs.

Question 8

One treatment for Gaucher disease is enzyme replacement therapy.

Question 9

The Hayflick limit describes ____.

A) the size limit to which a cell can grow
B) the number of divisions a cultured cell can undergo
C) the largest number of chromosomes an organism can possess
D) the most cells an organism can have
E) how rapidly DNA replication can occur

Question 10

Mitosis is a process that is unique to humans.

Question 11

The four macromolecules making up our cells allow for the same structure and function across all cells in the body.

Question 12

Cytokinesis usually occurs just prior to mitosis.

Question 13

A cell in G0 state ____.

A) is actively growing before cell division begins
B) has a cleavage furrow and the cytoplasm is beginning to divide
C) is actively replicating chromosomes
D) is in cytokinesis
E) has entered a resting stage and is not actively dividing

Question 14

Crossing over is partially responsible for our genetic diversity.

Question 15

Primary oocytes and spermatogonia are both haploid cells.

Question 16

Autosomal chromosome pairs are identical,whereas the sex chromosome pair in males is not.

Question 17

During meiosis in an organism where 2n = 8,how many chromatids will be present in a cell at the beginning of meiosis II?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 12

Question 18

Ribosomes are organelles that are involved in ____.

A) plasma membrane selectivity
B) cellular energy production
C) protein synthesis
D) transport of materials
E) DNA replication

Question 19

A cell that cannot form spindle fibers cannot ____.

A) engage in energy production
B) exchange gases across the plasma membrane
C) perform mitosis nor meiosis
D) perform DNA replication
E) engage in protein synthesis

Question 20

Autosomes represent ____.

A) all chromosomes including the sex chromosomes
B) the half of the chromosomes inherited from one parent
C) all chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes
D) chromosome pairs with unlike members
E) those chromosomes found only in gametes

Question 21

Macromolecules including sugars,glycogen,and starches composed of sugar monomers linked and cross-linked together are known as ____.

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) fatty acids
E) nucleic acids

Question 22

In meiosis,sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the spindle during ____________________.

Question 23

A rare genetic disorder called Gaucher disease may strike as many as one in 450 people of ____ descent.

A) Middle Eastern
B) Western European
C) African American
D) British
E) Eastern European

Question 24

In meiosis,cells become haploid ____.

A) at the end of telophase I
B) during metaphase I
C) during anaphase I
D) at the beginning of metaphase II
E) at the end of prophase II

Question 25

The only cytoplasmic organelles in animal cells aside from nuclei that contain DNA are ____________________.

Question 26

There are ____________________ autosomes present in a human sperm cell.

Question 27

The series of flattened sacs and associated vesicles in the cytoplasm of a cell is the ____________________.

Question 28

Cells are largely constructed from four classes of large molecules called ____________________.

Question 29

During spermatogenesis in meiosis II,____ form(s).

A) primary spermatocytes
B) secondary spermatocytes
C) spermatids
D) mature sperm
E) a zygote

Question 30

Large cellular polymers assembled by chemically linking monomers together are called ____.

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids
E) macromolecules

Question 31

Carbohydrates ____.

A) act as energy sources for cells
B) include fats and oils
C) are made of nucleic acids
D) act as protein builders
E) are also called steroids

Question 32

In meiosis of oogenesis,how many mature eggs result?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 33

Ribosomes are most closely associated with ____.

A) the Golgi complex
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) the cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

Which biomolecule is most associated with the structure and function of cell membranes?

A) Polysaccharides
B) steroids
C) DNA
D) phospholipids
E) ATP

Question 35

Proteins function ____.

A) as energy carriers
B) as the 'backbone' of the DNA molecule
C) as component parts of enzymes
D) in energy storage within the cell nucleus
E) in transmission of genetic information

Question 36

The chromosomal structure that anchors the spindle fiber to the chromosome is known as the ____________________.

Question 37

A centromere is least likely to ____.

A) divide in anaphase of mitosis
B) connect sister chromatids
C) attach chromosomes to spindle fibers
D) cross over during prophase I of meiosis
E) be a component of DNA

Question 38

In cell division,toward the end of nuclear division,the cytoplasm divides by a process called ____________________ to produce two identical cells.

Question 39

In mitosis,chromatids separate and move to the center of the cell during ____________________.

Question 40

The underlying problem in Gaucher disease is ____.

A) the spontaneous breakdown of red blood cells
B) the accumulation of fat in white blood cells
C) the breakdown of the myelin sheath around nerves
D) a hypertrophied spleen
E) the lack of critical liver enzymes

Question 41

Describe the two ways in which meiosis produces new combinations of genes.

Question 42

In both progeria and Werner syndrome,cells are switched from a growth to a maintenance mode,halting ____________________.

Question 43

Compare and contrast the events and results of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

Question 44

____________________ is a symptom of Gaucher disease (indicate any one).

Question 45

Sister chromatids are joined by a common centromere and each carries identical ____________________.

Question 46

____________________ is used to diagnose and treat genetic disorders.

Question 47

Explain the major difference between daughter cells formed by mitosis and those formed by meiosis.What occurs when two daughter cells formed during meiosis fuse?

Question 48

Identical gene loci are located on ____________________.

Question 49

Should the cost of treatment for a genetic disorder be an important consideration for insurance companies when deciding whether or not to cover the treatment? Justify your reasoning.

Question 50

Define interphase and describe its three stages.

Question 51

Some cells retain the capacity to divide throughout their life cycle,whereas others do not divide in adulthood.Give one example of each type.

Question 52

The two types of nucleic acids are ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 53

There are two cellular domains: the ____________________ and the ____________________.

Question 54

List the four macromolecules that make up cells and give a brief description of the structure and function of each.

Question 55

Briefly summarize the four phases of mitosis and cytokinesis.

Question 56

The condition in which each chromosome is represented twice as a member of a homologous pair is called ____________________.

Question 57

Figure 2-1

All cells are fundamentally similar at a structural level.Using the accompanying diagram of a generalized human cell,name as many of the numbered labels as you can to illustrate this idea.

Question 58

The three parts of interphase,in order,are ____________________,____________________,and ____________________.

Question 59

Explain the structure and function of the cell nucleus.Include the terms nuclear envelope,nucleoli,chromatin,chromosomes,autosomes,and sex chromosomes.

Question 60

Lipids are a class of cellular macromolecules that are ____________________ in water.