Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

To learn about human behaviour,which of the following does social psychology rely on most heavily?

A) critical analysis to develop general principles that describe human behaviour
B) the assumption that only social factors influence human behaviour
C) the scientific method to learn about human behaviour
D) cultural analysis to learn about human behaviour

Answer 1

the scientific method to learn about human behaviour

Question 2

Which of the following studies would a social psychologist be most interested in reading?

A) a study demonstrating the effects of attitude similarity on interpersonal attraction
B) a study demonstrating the effects of immigration patterns on stock market activity
C) a study demonstrating the effects of distraction on attention to a visual display
D) a study demonstrating the effects of narcotic substances on neurotransmitter activity in the brain

Answer 2

a study demonstrating the effects of attitude similarity on interpersonal attraction

Question 3

Which of the following is the most important theme in social psychological research?

A) the power of the situation
B) the role of the individual's cultural background
C) the power of unconscious motivation
D) the power of gender roles

Answer 3

the power of the situation

Question 4

Which of the following would a social psychologists be most likely to do?

A) consider how power differences affect particular segments of society
B) study how racism and sexism are reflected in societal structures
C) study phenomena about which most people hold commonsense beliefs
D) pay more attention to group behaviour than the behaviour of individuals within groups

Question 5

Which of the following questions would a social psychologist be least likely to study?

A) What kinds of persuasion techniques are the most effective?
B) What qualities do people look for in a romantic partner or friend?
C) Why do people sometimes sabotage their own performance?
D) Have attitudes toward gun control changed in the last five years?

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the focus of social psychology?

A) application of the scientific method to the study of human behaviour
B) scientific investigation of how others can affect people's behaviour,emotions,and thoughts
C) compilation of scientific observations and case studies
D) application of scientific knowledge to change an individual's behaviour

Question 7

What do the results of the body satisfaction study conducted by Strahan et al.(2008)indicate?

A) Women rated their body satisfaction lower than men did.
B) Women rated their body satisfaction lower than men did,but only if men were present
C) Women's ratings of body satisfaction were influenced by media they recently viewed.
D) Women's ratings of body satisfaction were stable.

Question 8

Mariano is interested in why people discriminate on the basis of skin colour.If Mariano is a social psychologist,which of the following is he least likely to do?

A) refer to basic theories of human behaviour to understand discrimination
B) pay more attention to political developments related to discrimination than to the behaviour of specific individuals
C) conduct experiments on discrimination
D) expect discrimination to be a function of both real and perceived social influences

Question 9

What does body satisfaction research conducted by Strahan et al.(2008)suggest will happen when women are reminded that they are compared to other women based on physical characteristics?

A) They provide lower self-esteem ratings.
B) They report being more concerned with what other people think about them.
C) They report beginning to dislike other women.
D) They provide lower ratings of other women's physical attractiveness.

Question 10

" Sociologist" is to "social psychologist" as "group" is to which of the following?

A) "individual"
B) "relationships"
C) "power"
D) "society"

Question 11

Which of the following would a social psychologist be least likely to study?

A) the effect of academic performance on self-esteem
B) the effect of temperature on highway shootings
C) the effect of political attitudes on friendship formation
D) the effect of sleep on concentration ability

Question 12

How does social psychology differ from history and philosophy?

A) Social psychology places attention on the scientific method.
B) Social psychology is concerned with human behaviour.
C) Social psychology has a greater focus on cultural influences.
D) Social psychology has a broader,more wide-reaching focus of interest.

Question 13

What does Strahan et al.'s (2008)study on body satisfaction involve?

A) women reading positive or negative comments about their bodies
B) women being reminded about cultural norms
C) women engaging in physical activity over a number of days
D) women "overhearing" other people commenting on their looks

Question 14

Which of the following is most important to the scientific method?

A) systematic observation
B) in-depth case studies
C) intuition
D) anecdotal reports

Question 15

Anita wants to spend her career thinking about the idiosyncrasies of love between two people.If she chooses to become a social psychologist,which of the following will she most likely do?

A) focus more on people's thoughts than on their behaviour
B) de-emphasize the role that external influences play on couples' relationships
C) consider "couples" rather than "individuals" the unit of analysis
D) include systematic observation and measurement of these idiosyncrasies

Question 16

Sociologists studying the effects of media violence would be more likely than social psychologists to do which of the following?

A) conduct experiments manipulating the amount of media violence viewed by participants
B) assess changes in television availability and in murder rates over the last 30 years
C) concern themselves with situational variables that moderate the effects of media violence on its viewers
D) focus on the types of individuals who choose to view media violence

Question 17

Which of the following is social psychology primarily concerned with?

A) the ways in which group factors contribute to the functioning of social institutions
B) the ways in which unconscious forces influence conscious motivations and desires
C) the ways in which specific personality characteristics predict behaviour across situations
D) the ways in which others influence an individual's behaviour,emotions,and thoughts

Question 18

In a study conducted by Strahan et al.(2008),researchers manipulated whether cultural norms about women were activated.Which of the following fields does this study have important implications for?

A) education
B) journalism
C) finance
D) marketing

Question 19

Which of the following questions would a social psychologist be most likely to study?

A) Do divorce rates differ within different socioeconomic classes?
B) Does exposure to media violence increase aggression?
C) What factors contribute to the development of depression?
D) Are people with high IQs happier than those with low IQs?

Question 20

How is social psychology defined?

A) as the analysis of historical social events
B) as the analysis of the influence that other people have on our thoughts and behaviours
C) as the study of groups rather than on the study of individual behaviour
D) as the study of the role of society

Question 21

How does social psychology differ from sociology?

A) Social psychology is the study of societal level variables,whereas sociology is focussed on more specific and immediate variables.
B) Social psychology studies human behaviour at the level of the individual,whereas sociology studies human behaviour at the group level.
C) Social psychologists more often rely on participant observation than sociologists.
D) Social psychologists are less likely than sociologists to rely on experimentation to study human behaviour.

Question 22

Astrid has developed a questionnaire to help her identify individuals who tend to be high or low in altruism across a variety of situations.What kind of psychologist is Astrid most likely to be?

A) a cognitive psychologist
B) a social psychologist
C) a clinical psychologist
D) a personality psychologist

Question 23

Which of the following are both social psychology and clinical psychology concerned with?

A) Both fields are interested in understanding anxiety and depression.
B) Both fields primarily focus on behaviour that is stable across situations.
C) Both fields are primarily concerned with the underlying causes of atypical behaviour.
D) Both fields are closely associated with mental health.

Question 24

Marilyn is interested in whether schizophrenic individuals tend to interpret verbal feedback from others as negative even if it is positive.It might be said that Marilyn is doing research at the intersection of social psychology and which of the following?

A) evolutionary psychology
B) sociology
C) personality psychology
D) clinical psychology

Question 25

Kirsten is interested in whether women will be more nurturing at the workplace because they are expected to be nurturing.What kind of psychologist is Kirsten most likely to be?

A) a personality psychologist
B) a clinical psychologist
C) a cognitive psychologist
D) a social psychologist

Question 26

Why is social psychological research a better source of information than our commonsense intuitions?

A) because our commonsense intuitions tend to be very unstable
B) because our commonsense intuitions often contradict each other
C) because our commonsense intuitions are not as shared by other people as we think
D) because our commonsense intuitions are generally accurate but are held with little confidence

Question 27

To examine the relationship between economic conditions and violence,Priti manipulates resources given to individuals and then examines the effect of this manipulation on their aggressive behaviour.What field of study does Priti's research best characterize?

A) sociology
B) social psychology
C) clinical psychology
D) personality psychology

Question 28

Which one of the following "commonsense" findings shows the greatest alignment with research in social psychology?

A) Beautiful people are often assumed to be unintelligent.
B) Unattractive people are often assumed to be intelligent
C) People tend to underestimate the extent to which others agree with their points of view.
D) People tend to overestimate the extent to which others agree with their points of view.

Question 29

To examine the relationship between economic conditions and violence,Gunther compares the murder rates for counties with different median incomes.What field of study best characterizes Gunther's research ?

A) social psychology
B) clinical psychology
C) personality psychology
D) sociology

Question 30

What distinguishes social psychology from other specialties in psychology?

A) its use of the scientific method in research design
B) its focus on the individual as the unit of analysis
C) its attention to the influence of situational context on behaviour
D) its status as an isolated division in the Canadian Psychological Association

Question 31

Brad is a social psychologist.Marion is a sociologist.Which of the following research questions is most likely of interest to both of them?

A) How do societal and immediate factors influence racial differences in academic achievement?
B) How do positive and negative feedback impact conceptions of the self?
C) Do different socioeconomic groups express different political attitudes?
D) Can an authority figure influence people to act in ways that they normally would not?

Question 32

Antoine investigates the extent to which depressed individuals misremember occasions when they have experienced positive life events,particularly in the presence of cues such as a person with whom they have had a failed relationship.His research is best described as being at the intersection of which of the following?

A) personality,cognitive,and clinical psychology
B) cognitive,social,and personality psychology
C) social,clinical,and cognitive psychology
D) clinical,personality,and social psychology

Question 33

The interaction between individual characteristics and situational constraints on the way people behave best reflects the intersection of which two types of psychology?

A) cognitive and personality psychology
B) personality and social psychology
C) social and clinical psychology
D) clinical and cognitive psychology

Question 34

In which of the following ways does social psychology supplement commonsense ideas about human behaviour?

A) Social psychology allows us to test commonsense assumptions using scientific methods.
B) Social psychology supports folk wisdom from various cultures.
C) Social psychological theories apply more widely than our commonsense ideas about human behaviour.
D) Social psychological findings tend to support our intuitive beliefs about human behaviour.

Question 35

Hyunwoo believes that image-oriented ads will be more persuasive for individuals concerned with their outward appearances,whereas ads that stress product quality will be more effective for individuals who are less concerned with their public image.This belief represents the intersection of what two fields of study?

A) social psychology and clinical psychology
B) social psychology and cognitive psychology
C) social psychology and personality psychology
D) social psychology and sociology

Question 36

Dina is interested in whether women with nurturing personalities are more reliable friends both inside and outside of the workplace.What kind of psychologist is Dina most likely to be?

A) a personality psychologist
B) a clinical psychologist
C) a cognitive psychologist
D) a social psychologist

Question 37

Although related to other fields,social psychology is distinct in that its emphasis is on which of the following?

A) describing the relationship between human behaviour and societal variables
B) understanding the influence of societal forces on group behaviour
C) identifying individual characteristics that are relatively stable across time
D) understanding the immediate situational factors that influence human behaviour

Question 38

Which of the following branches of psychology is most interested in "the power of the situation"?

A) clinical psychology
B) cognitive psychology
C) personality psychology
D) social psychology

Question 39

Research concerning how depressed and non-depressed individuals process social information is at the intersection of what two fields of study?

A) personality psychology and cognitive psychology
B) social psychology and clinical psychology
C) personality psychology and clinical psychology
D) clinical psychology and sociology

Question 40

When comparing social psychology to sociology,which of the following is a major difference?

A) the target populations studied
B) the number of variables explored
C) the focus on the individual or the group
D) the emphasis on how social context affects behaviour

Question 41

According to your textbook,why was Muzafer Sherif's research crucial for the development of social psychology?

A) because it introduced the idea of cognitive dissonance
B) because it marked the beginning of the pluralistic approach that continues to characterize the field
C) because it firmly established the importance of an interactionist perspective
D) because it demonstrated the feasibility of studying complex social issues in a rigorous,scientific manner

Question 42

According to your textbook,which of the following classic investigations is thought to have arisen from the researcher's attempt to understand events in Nazi Germany?

A) Ringelmann's research on group pressure
B) Triplett's research on performance in groups
C) Milgram's study of destructive obedience
D) Lewin's research on conservation

Question 43

According to your textbook,which of the following events is credited with establishing social psychology as a distinct field of study?

A) the publication of the first three textbooks in social psychology
B) the publication of the first research article in social psychology
C) the formation of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues
D) the introduction of the interactionist perspective to the field of psychology

Question 44

Floyd Allport's social psychology textbook,published in 1924,is credited with which of the following?

A) establishing social psychology's emphasis on the scientific method
B) imbuing social psychology with a cross-cultural orientation
C) introducing the major theories of social psychology
D) linking social psychology to evolutionary psychology

Question 45

Which of the following historical events sparked great interest in and gave shape to the field of social psychology?

A) World War I
B) the Great Depression
C) World War II
D) the Korean War

Question 46

According to your textbook,why was the work of Muzafer Sherif important for the development of social psychology?

A) because he demonstrated the interaction between personality characteristics and situational factors
B) because he developed professional associations for social psychologists
C) because he showed that complex social behaviour could be examined scientifically
D) because he helped to find solutions to the crisis in the field during the 1960s and 1970s

Question 47

Of the following important figures in the history of social psychology,who most explicitly emphasized application of the field to social problems in society?

A) Gordon Allport
B) Fritz Heider
C) Max Ringelmann
D) Kurt Lewin

Question 48

When did the field of social psychology emerge as a distinct discipline?

A) around the turn of the seventeenth century
B) around the turn of the eighteenth century
C) around the turn of the nineteenth century
D) around the turn of the twentieth century

Question 49

How does social psychology differ from common sense?

A) Common sense tends to produce more accurate knowledge about human behaviour than social psychology.
B) Common sense is applied to nearly every human behaviour.
C) Social psychology is far more intuitive than common sense.
D) Social psychology relies on the scientific method to test its theories.

Question 50

Who were Max Ringelmann and Norman Triplett?

A) the first researchers to explore conformity
B) sociologists who established social psychology as a distinct discipline
C) pioneers in the field of social cognition
D) the founders of social psychology

Question 51

Among the following social psychologists,who was one of the original founders of social psychology?

A) Norman Triplett
B) Stanley Milgram
C) Michael Norton
D) Philip Zimbardo

Question 52

Blaine works in a factory producing car stereos.He notices that workers produce more stereos by the end of the day when they work together in the same room than when they work in separate rooms.His observation is consistent with a classic study conducted by which one of the following researchers?

A) Lewin
B) Asch
C) Triplett
D) Sherif

Question 53

If a student wants to find the first source that established social psychology as a separate field with an emphasis on experimentation,which of the following should he or she read?

A) Allport's (1924)text
B) Ringelmann's (1913)article
C) McDougall's (1908)text
D) Triplett's (1897-1898)article

Question 54

Who is credited with publishing the first research article in social psychology?

A) Max Ringlemann
B) Norman Triplett
C) Floyd Allport
D) William McDougall

Question 55

Which of the following is one of the fundamental principles of social psychology established by Lewin?

A) Behaviour depends on how the unconscious perceives and interprets the world around us.
B) Behaviour is a function of the interaction between the person and the environment.
C) Behaviour can be controlled by rewards and punishments.
D) Behaviour should be conceptualized as an interaction of cognition and motivation.

Question 56

Which of the following is least characteristic of research in social psychology between the 1930s and 1950s?

A) an emphasis on the application of social psychology to practical concerns
B) an integration of social and cognitive processes that determine behaviour
C) attention to the topics of conformity and prejudice
D) the use of experimentation in research

Question 57

"Founders of social psychology" Norman Triplett and Max Ringlemann both did research examining which of the following?

A) the influence groups exert on their members
B) the impact of the presence of others on performance
C) how behaviours are shaped by perceptions
D) the impact of different leadership strategies on group performance

Question 58

Which of the following inspired Triplett's groundbreaking research?

A) tug of war
B) pole vault
C) weight lifting
D) bicycling

Question 59

One of the people who had the greatest impact on the developing field of social psychology was not a psychologist.Which of the following was this person?

A) Plato
B) Abraham Lincoln
C) Adolf Hitler
D) Franklin Roosevelt

Question 60

Which of the following social psychologists is credited with demonstrating that complex social processes could be studied scientifically?

A) Sherif
B) Triplett
C) Heider
D) Lewin

Question 61

Leon Festinger is best known for research concerning which of the following?

A) attribution theory
B) stereotypes and prejudice
C) interpersonal relationships
D) attitude change

Question 62

Dimitri would like to read about social psychological research on conformity.Whose research should he read?

A) Asch
B) Milgram
C) Festinger
D) Sherif

Question 63

Which of the following social psychologists became the first woman elected president of an academic association for social psychology?

A) Caroline Wood Sherif
B) Marie Jahoda
C) Elisa Festinger
D) Rebecca Asch

Question 64

According to the interactionist perspective,behaviour is a result of the interaction between which two factors?

A) motivation and cognition
B) groups and individuals
C) personality and situations
D) theoretical and practical concerns

Question 65

Ramanpreet is interested in the history of social psychology.Which of the following statements will have the strongest support?

A) Even at the start of the 1900s,female psychologists were often highly respected and noted contributors to their field.
B) Women were leading the field as presidents of societies for the study of social psychology since the early 1900s.
C) Almost all of the early female social psychologists faced discrimination.
D) Almost all of the early female social psychologists studied discrimination.

Question 66

Which of the following areas of social psychology is correctly matched with its founder?

A) aggression theory-Lewin
B) conformity-Asch
C) social obedience-Festinger
D) cognitive dissonance theory-Milgram

Question 67

Phoebe is a graduate student in social psychology who will only agree to conduct research that will help address an ongoing social problem.Which of the following individuals' philosophies is Phoebe's desire is most consistent with?

A) Solomon Asch
B) Kurt Lewin
C) Fritz Heider
D) Gordon Allport

Question 68

Suppose that Ria is interested in the ways that people's own actions can cause them to change their opinions.Which of the following social psychologists would most likely influence her?

A) Asch
B) Lewin
C) Festinger
D) Allport

Question 69

Whose writings have the greatest emphasis on experiments addressing the interaction of individuals and their social context?

A) Floyd Allport
B) Max Ringelmann
C) Norman Triplett
D) Kurt Lewin

Question 70

Abe subscribes to a psychoanalytic view of human behaviour.Compared to the view of Kurt Lewin,what is Abe's view more likely to emphasize?

A) the power of external rewards
B) the power of internal motives
C) the power of situational factors
D) the power of interpersonal relationships

Question 71

Because of his research on practical issues,such as the research he conducted in the 1940s concerning promotion of more economical and nutritious eating habits,Kurt Lewin could be considered one of the founders of which of the following?

A) the field experiment
B) basic psychology
C) "hot" theories of social psychology
D) applied social psychology

Question 72

Which of the following was a focal point in critiques of social psychology in the 1960s and 1970s?

A) Social psychology was too focused on the effects of different cultures.
B) The results of social psychological laboratory experiments may be influenced by experimenters' expectations.
C) Social psychology was too focused on current social problems.
D) The findings of social psychological experiments were true cross-culturally.

Question 73

Which of the following best illustrates Lewin's interactionist perspective?

A) Sally is a very creative kind of person who likes to build things.
B) Jerry only works because he receives a very large income.
C) Rikki is usually shy,but at work she appears to be quite outgoing.
D) Maury gives money to charities because he wants other people to think he is very generous.

Question 74

By stressing both internal differences among individuals and differences among external situations,the interactionist perspective is an approach combining which of the following fields of study?

A) personality psychology and social psychology
B) social psychology and clinical psychology
C) cognitive psychology and social psychology
D) social psychology and sociology

Question 75

Mona would like to understand the interactionist perspective.She has enough time to skim two textbooks.One of the textbooks should focus on social psychology.What subject should the other textbook focus on?

A) evolutionary psychology
B) cognitive psychology
C) clinical psychology
D) personality psychology

Question 76

Jack and his girlfriend Diane dine out about three times a week.Jack believes that they hardly ever dine out,whereas Diane thinks they dine out all the time.What important theme in social psychology does this example illustrate?

A) Behaviour is a function of the interaction between a person and his or her environment.
B) Different people can see the same situation very differently.
C) Complex social behaviours can be studied using the scientific method.
D) Social psychological theories can be applied to the solution of real-world problems.

Question 77

Lewin's research concerning both how to promote economical and nutritious eating habits,and what kinds of leaders elicit the best work from group members,was important in establishing which of the following?

A) Different topics require different research strategies.
B) Social psychology could be used to understand and help solve practical problems.
C) Early theories in social psychology were often historically and culturally limited.
D) Social psychologists may unwittingly influence the behaviour of research participants.

Question 78

Tracey does research on the reasons that people get involved with the environmental movement.Which of the following theorists probably has the greatest influence on her research?

A) Leon Festinger
B) Gordon Allport
C) Stanley Milgram
D) Kurt Lewin

Question 79

Elliot is interested in how the desire to fit in with a group causes people to doubt their own perceptions and give an answer that is clearly incorrect.Whose writings should Elliot read?

A) Allport
B) Asch
C) Festinger
D) Milgram

Question 80

Which social psychologist helped to establish the study of stereotypes and prejudice in social psychology?

A) S.Asch
B) G.Allport
C) F.Heider
D) M.Sherif