Deck 6: Dietary Energy and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

If you ingest carbon in the form of sugar,then that carbon is released from your body as _____.

A) sugar
B) fat
C) CO
D) protein
E) part of urine

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The purpose of aerobic respiration is to _____,which is used to _____.

A) remove waste carbon dioxide from the blood;power functions of the cell
B) create energy-rich ATP molecules;remove oxygen from the bloodstream
C) remove waste carbon dioxide from the blood;create new nutrient subunits
D) create energy-rich ATP molecules;power functions of the cell
E) create new nutrient subunits;create energy-rich ATP molecules

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A moderately active 21-year-old female has a choice of eating a 2,500-Calorie meal that is primarily protein or a 2,500-Calorie meal that is primarily sugar.What would be the result,in terms of energy,of choosing one over the other?

A) Nothing;she would burn all these calories,given her age,gender,and activity level.
B) She would store the excess calories as protein,regardless which meal she ate.
C) She would store the excess calories as protein if she ate the protein meal,and as glycogen if she ate the sugar meal.
D) In either case,once her glycogen stores are replenished,she will store the excess calories as fat.
E) Regardless of the number of calories,she will get more energy from the sugar meal.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

If a person wants to lose weight,which of these is a viable strategy?

A) substituting plain water for regular soda
B) eating the same number of calories,but eating them all as fruit and vegetables instead of burgers and fries
C) adding more fruits and vegetables on top of the current diet
D) exercising more
E) substituting plain water for regular soda and exercising more

Question 5

Which statement accurately describes food with regard to energy?

A) A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 gram of water by 1°C.
B) Food calories are written as calories.
C) A calorie is a unit of energy used in the food industry only.
D) A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 gram of water by 1°C and a food Calorie is equal to 1,000 calories.
E) A food Calorie is equal to 1,000 calories.

Question 6

Which statement correctly reflects the interactions between aerobic respiration and photosynthesis?

A) The carbon in the glucose that plants make is the same carbon in the carbon dioxide we breathe out.
B) The carbon dioxide we breathe out comes from inorganic carbon dioxide that we breathe in.
C) The oxygen we use in aerobic respiration is the same oxygen used by plants in photosynthesis.
D) The energy captured and stored in ATP through aerobic respiration comes from high-energy bonds in oxygen.
E) Photosynthesis produces water,which is then used as an energy source in aerobic respiration.

Question 7

During aerobic respiration,what molecule holds and carries electrons stripped from food?

A) NAD
B) NADH
C) O
D) H O
E) pyruvate

Question 8

Why is it recommended that anyone trying to lose weight should avoid alcoholic beverages?

A) The fermentation process used to make alcohol produces a low-energy beverage that causes lethargy.
B) Drinking alcoholic beverages decreases fermentation in our bodies,which leads to weight gain.
C) Drinking alcoholic beverages increases fermentation in our bodies,which leads to weight gain.
D) Fermentation is an inefficient form of aerobic respiration.
E) The fermentation process used to make alcohol does not fully break down glucose,resulting in a high-carbohydrate beverage.

Question 9

If the French eat meals with a higher fat content,what might explain why the French weigh less on average than Americans?

A) The French are less active than Americans,so they feel less hungry.
B) The French eat at restaurants more often than Americans.
C) The French snack and skip meals.
D) The French only eat one meal a day.
E) The French engage in more NEAT activities such as household chores,shopping,and dog walking.

Question 10

What two factors determine the BMI for an individual?

A) weight and height
B) weight and age
C) waist size and height
D) height and age
E) bone structure and height

Question 11

During aerobic respiration,NADH gives up electrons to regenerate NAD by giving electrons to _____.

A) oxygen
B) pyruvate
C) glucose
D) the electron transport chain
E) another NAD

Question 12

In the presence of oxygen,humans use _____ to fuel ATP production from glucose,Glucose is initially formed by plants through _____.

A) aerobic respiration;photosynthesis
B) aerobic respiration;aerobic respiration
C) fermentation;aerobic respiration
D) fermentation;photosynthesis
E) glycolysis;photosynthesis

Question 13

Which of these does NOT contribute to a higher BMI?

A) culture
B) portion size
C) gender
D) biological history
E) nonexercise activity thermogenesis

Question 14

If you frequently crave French fries,how could you modify your lifestyle to eat fries without gaining weight?

A) Exercise more to burn more calories than the fries you add to your diet.
B) Eat the same number of fries,but decrease the number of fries you eat at one time.
C) Only drink water while you eat fries.
D) You cannot lose weight and eat fries because of the high calorie content.
E) Stand while you are eating fries.

Question 15

If you exercise for an extended period of time,you will use energy first from _____,then from _____.

A) fats;glycogen
B) proteins;fats
C) glycogen;proteins
D) fats;proteins
E) glycogen;fats

Question 16

Which type of organic molecule stores the most energy per gram?

A) proteins
B) starch
C) nucleic acid
D) fats
E) glycogen

Question 17

Which process is correctly matched with its cellular location?

A) glycolysis-cytoplasm
B) citric acid cycle-cytoplasm
C) electron transport-cytoplasm
D) glycolysis-mitochondria
E) production of carbon dioxide-cytoplasm

Question 18

Excess energy can be stored for short periods of time in the muscle and liver tissue as _____,and for long periods of time as _____ in fat cells.

A) triglycerides;calories
B) glycogen;triglycerides
C) calories;calories
D) triglycerides;glycogen
E) glycogen;calories

Question 19

Once excess calories are stored as triglycerides,it is more difficult to release this energy because _____.

A) triglycerides are stored in muscle tissue,which makes them hard to release
B) the body breaks down liver tissue instead
C) triglycerides are used for short-term energy storage only
D) the body utilizes food molecules in the bloodstream and stored glycogen first
E) triglycerides are hard to find in order to break down

Question 20

Compared to aerobic respiration,fermentation produces _____ ATP.

A) much more
B) the same amount of
C) a little less
D) much less
E) no

Question 21

Which type of organic molecule serves as long-term energy storage in humans?

A) proteins
B) starch
C) nucleic acid
D) fats (triglycerides)
E) both starch and fats (triglycerides)

Question 22

Where in the cell does fermentation take place?

A) cytoplasm
B) mitochondria
C) nucleus
D) cytoplasm and mitochondria
E) Fermentation doesn't occur in cells,it occurs in the liquid portion of blood.

Question 23

Excess carbohydrates in our body are

A) recycled into nucleic acids.
B) stored as carbohydrates until needed.
C) stored as protein.
D) used immediately.
E) stored as fat.

Question 24

According to the World Health Organization

A) 1 in 10 people in the world are obese.
B) people in developing countries are more obese than those in more developed countries.
C) levels of obesity have been declining over the past 40 years.
D) obesity is caused by eating larger portions of food.
E) trans fats should be banned.

Question 25

Which process is not correctly matched with its cellular location?

A) glycolysis-cytoplasm
B) citric acid cycle-mitochondria
C) glycolysis-mitochondria
D) electron transport-mitochondria
E) None of the answers are correct;they are all correctly matched.

Question 26

A Body Mass Index between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be

A) overweight.
B) obese.
C) normal.
D) underweight.
E) anorexic.

Question 27

Given 1 g of each of the following,which would yield the greatest amount of ATP by aerobic respiration?

A) fat
B) protein
C) carbohydrate
D) nucleic acid
E) alcohol

Question 28

Where in the cell does fermentation take place?

A) cytoplasm
B) mitochondria
C) nucleus
D) cytoplasm and mitochondria
E) Fermentation does not occur in cells,it occurs in circulating blood.

Question 29

What process(es)is(are)most directly prevented in the absence of adequate oxygen?

A) citric acid cycle
B) glycolysis
C) electron transport chain
D) glycolysis and electron transport chain
E) glycolysis,citric acid cycle,and electron transport chain

Question 30

During fermentation,how does NADH give up electrons to regenerate NAD⁺?

A) by giving electrons to O₂
B) by giving electrons to pyruvate
C) by giving electrons to glucose
D) by giving electrons to the electron transport chain
E) by giving electrons to another NAD⁺

Question 31

Fermentation in animals produces _____,whereas fermentation in brewer's yeast produces _____.

A) lactic acid;alcohol
B) lactic acid;glucose
C) alcohol;lactic acid
D) oxygen;alcohol
E) alcohol;oxygen

Question 32

During aerobic respiration,what molecule has (and carries)electrons stripped from food molecules?

A) NAD⁺
B) NADH
C) O₂
D) H₂O
E) pyruvate

Question 33

Which process is most directly prevented in the absence of adequate oxygen?

A) citric acid cycle
B) glycolysis
C) electron transport chain
D) citric acid cycle,glycolysis and electron transport chain
E) both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 34

If you ingest carbon in the form of sugar and use it to generate ATP via cellular respiration,how is that carbon released from your body?

A) as sugar
B) as fat
C) as CO₂
D) as protein
E) in urine

Question 35

During fermentation,NADH gives up electrons to regenerate NAD by giving electrons to _____.

A) O
B) pyruvate
C) glucose
D) the electron transport chain
E) another NAD

Question 36

In the presence of oxygen we use _____ to fuel ATP production.What process do plants use to fuel ATP production from their stored sugars?

A) aerobic respiration;photosynthesis
B) aerobic respiration;aerobic respiration
C) fermentation;aerobic respiration
D) fermentation;photosynthesis
E) glycolysis;photosynthesis

Question 37

Which part of an ATP molecule is associated with its ability to store energy?

A) the adenine
B) the ribose
C) the phosphate groups
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 38

If a person wants to lose weight,which of the following will contribute to the necessary Calorie imbalance?

A) fidgeting more
B) eating less
C) exercising more
D) None of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 39

Which snack will provide the highest number of Calories?

A) 25 g sugar,5 g protein,0 g fat
B) 30 g sugar,0 g protein,5 g fat
C) 10 g sugar,10 g protein,10 g fat
D) 0 g sugar,15 g protein,15 g fat
E) 10 g sugar,25 g protein,0 g fat

Question 40

During aerobic respiration,how does NADH give up electrons to regenerate NAD⁺?

A) by giving electrons to O₂
B) by giving electrons to pyruvate
C) by giving electrons to glucose
D) by giving electrons to the electron transport chain
E) by giving electrons to another NAD⁺

Question 41

A Body Mass Index of 31 is an indication of

A) being overweight.
B) being underweight.
C) obesity.
D) normal weight.
E) anorexia.

Question 42

You are trying to decide among the following meals,labeled A through E.Being underweight,you want to pick the meal with the highest calorie content.Fill in the table to determine which meal you should choose.
A
B
C
D
E
Grams fat
50
50
20
20
30
Calories fat
Grams carbohydrate
50
80
80
100
70
Calories carbohydrate
Grams protein
50
100
90
50
90
Calories protein
Total Calories

A) Meal A
B) Meal B
C) Meal C
D) Meal D
E) Meal E

Question 43

Glycogen is made up of

A) lipids.
B) glucose molecules.
C) fatty acids.
D) fatty acids and glycerol.
E) starch.

Question 44

List the following in order from least calories to most.

A) 4g of fat $\rightarrow$ 9g of protein $\rightarrow$ 9g of sugar
B) 4g of fat $\rightarrow$ 9g of sugar $\rightarrow$ 9g of protein
C) 9g of sugar $\rightarrow$ 9g of protein $\rightarrow$ 4g of fat
D) 9g of protein $\rightarrow$ 9g of sugar $\rightarrow$ 4g of fat
E) They are all equal.

Question 45

Glycogen for short-term energy storage is found in

A) liver and muscle cells.
B) fat cells.
C) adipose tissue.
D) connective tissue.
E) kidney cells.

Question 46

The Body Mass Index is an estimate of body fat percentage based on

A) waist size.
B) weight and height.
C) blood pressure.
D) weight,age,and height.
E) waist size,gender,and age.

Question 47

One Calorie equals

A) 1000 calories.
B) 1 kilocalorie.
C) a unit of energy.
D) 1 kcal.
E) All of the above.

Question 48

The Body Mass Index is an estimate of _________ based on height and weight.

A) waist size
B) heart health
C) blood pressure
D) muscle mass
E) body fat percentage

Question 49

A Body Mass Index will likely be overestimated in

A) an office worker.
B) an athlete.
C) a teacher.
D) a banker.
E) a student.

Question 50

Body Mass Index does NOT take into account

A) ratio of height to weight.
B) height.
C) weight.
D) frame size.
E) All of the above.

Question 51

What is the difference between a calorie and a Calorie?

A) A Calorie equals 1000 calories.
B) A calorie equals 1000 Calories.
C) A Calorie equals 100 calories.
D) A calorie equals 100 Calories.
E) Calorie and calorie mean the same thing.

Question 52

List the following in order from least calories to most.

A) 50g of fat $\rightarrow$ 200g of protein $\rightarrow$ 150g sugar
B) 50g of fat $\rightarrow$ 150g of sugar $\rightarrow$ 200g of protein
C) 150g of sugar $\rightarrow$ 200g of protein $\rightarrow$ 50g of fat
D) 150g of sugar $\rightarrow$ 50g of fat $\rightarrow$ 200g of protein
E) 200g of protein $\rightarrow$ 150g sugar $\rightarrow$ 50g fat

Question 53

Which macromolecules have the greatest caloric value per gram?

A) fats
B) proteins
C) carbohydrates
D) nucleic acids
E) nucleotides

Question 54

A person's daily energy needs depends on his or her

A) age.
B) body type.
C) physical activity.
D) gender.
E) All of the above.

Question 55

Which of the following snacks has the highest calorie content?
Snack
Carbohydrate
Fat
Protein
A
Energy bar
100 grams
100 grams
50 grams
B
Cheese snack
100 grams
50 grams
30 grams
C
Ice cream cone
120 grams
80 grams
50 grams
D
Chinese stir fry
200 grams
90 grams
5 grams
E
Salad with blue cheese dressing
30 grams
100 grams
50 grams

A) Energy bar
B) Cheese snack
C) Ice cream cone
D) Chinese stir fry
E) Salad with blue cheese dressing

Question 56

Our bodies are designed for long-term energy storage of

A) triglycerides in muscle and liver cells.
B) glucose in liver cells.
C) triglycerides in fat cells.
D) glycogen in liver.
E) glycogen in muscle.

Question 57

What are the two measurements used to calculate a person's Body Mass Index?

A) height and waist size
B) height and hip size
C) height and weight
D) weight and waist size
E) weight and hip size

Question 58

Which of the following portions is most likely to have the fewest Calories?

A) a 6-ounce steak
B) 6 ounces of French fries
C) 6 ounces of green beans with butter
D) A 12-ounce steak
E) 6 ounces of steamed green beans

Question 59

A Body Mass Index equal to or greater than _________ is considered obese.

A) 20
B) 25
C) 30
D) 35
E) 40

Question 60

Which macromolecules have the least caloric value per gram?

A) fats
B) nucleic acids
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
E) fatty acids and glycerol

Question 61

Glycogen is considered ______ energy storage and fat is ______ energy storage.

A) short-term;short-term
B) long-term;short-term
C) long-term;permanent
D) short-term;long-term
E) short-term;permanent

Question 62

ATP breakdown in cells is accompanied by

A) an endergonic reaction.
B) phosphate bonding.
C) energy storage.
D) a release of energy.
E) an increase in potential energy.

Question 63

Excess Calories of energy are stored as _______ in our liver.

A) triglycerides
B) simple sugars
C) glycogen
D) starch
E) cellulose

Question 64

ATP stores energy in which bond(s)?

A) adenine-ribose
B) adenine-phosphate
C) ribose-phosphate
D) ribose-ribose
E) phosphate-phosphate

Question 65

Excess Calories of energy are stored as _______ in our muscle tissue.

A) glycogen
B) simple sugars
C) starch
D) triglycerides
E) cellulose

Question 66

Excess Calories are stored as _______ in our _______.

A) triglycerides;liver
B) simple sugars;red blood cells
C) glycogen;fat cells
D) simple sugars;fat cells
E) glycogen;liver

Question 67

The energy currency of the cell is called

A) ATP.
B) ADP.
C) DDT.
D) triglycerides.
E) glycogen.

Question 68

You go outside and take a walk down the street and back.Which of the following are you most likely to be using for energy?

A) fat
B) glycogen
C) nucleic acids
D) protein
E) triglycerides

Question 69

Our bodies store extra energy in muscle and liver cells as

A) fat.
B) glucose.
C) glycogen.
D) nucleic acids.
E) protein.

Question 70

ATP is a

A) protein.
B) nucleotide.
C) lipid.
D) amino acid.
E) carbohydrate.

Question 71

The energy in ATP is stored between

A) the phosphate groups.
B) the carbon and hydrogen atoms.
C) ribose and the first phosphate group.
D) adenine and ribose.
E) adenine and the first phosphate group.

Question 72

The outputs for aerobic respiration are

A) glucose,carbon dioxide,and oxygen.
B) carbon dioxide,water,and energy.
C) oxygen,water,and glucose.
D) carbon dioxide and energy.
E) glucose,oxygen,and energy.

Question 73

Excess Calories of energy are stored as _______ in our fat cells.

A) starch
B) cellulose
C) glycogen
D) triglycerides
E) simple sugars

Question 74

The ________ is the location of aerobic respiration.

A) chloroplast
B) nucleus
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondrion
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 75

________ is the cell's "energy currency."

A) Adenosine monophosphate
B) Glycogen
C) Glucose
D) Cellulose
E) ATP

Question 76

The stored energy in food is converted by cells into this useable energy-containing molecule.

A) glycogen
B) ADP
C) ATP
D) AMP
E) glucose

Question 77

The inputs for aerobic respiration are

A) glucose and oxygen.
B) ATP,glucose,and oxygen.
C) glucose and ATP.
D) carbon dioxide and glucose.
E) glycogen and oxygen.

Question 78

______ is considered short-term energy storage and ______ is long-term energy storage in humans.

A) Glycogen;starch
B) Starch;fat
C) Glycogen;fat
D) Fat;glycogen
E) Glycogen;sugar

Question 79

Carbohydrates,proteins,and fats are digested and then absorbed into the bloodstream from the ___________.These nutrients are delivered to the cells,where they are broken down further and their energy is used to make ____________.

A) small intestine;ATP
B) small intestine;glycogen
C) stomach;ATP
D) stomach;glucose
E) stomach;glycogen

Question 80

The cells carrying out cellular aerobic respiration in humans obtain oxygen from

A) blood from tissues.
B) rough ER.
C) blood from the lungs.
D) Golgi apparatus.
E) mitochondria.