Deck 31: Reproductive System

Question 1

In males,testosterone production in the testes is signaled by what hormone?

A) estrogen
B) follicle-stimulating hormone
C) progesterone
D) testosterone
E) human chorionic gonadotropin

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Many couples use in vitro fertilization in order to reproduce.During this procedure,fertilization takes place in _____.

A) the oviduct
B) a petri dish
C) the vagina
D) the uterus
E) the scrotum

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of these is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?

A) uterus
B) oviduct
C) ovaries
D) epididymis
E) endometrium

Answer 3

D

Question 4

After an egg is fertilized,the corpus luteum continues to produce estrogen and progesterone until the _____.

A) placenta is formed
B) pituitary gland signals it to stop
C) hypothalamus signals it to stop
D) fetus can produce its own hormones
E) baby is born

Question 5

Which of these is NOT part of the endocrine system?

A) ovaries
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) hypothalamus
D) oviducts

Question 6

Many women who cannot conceive naturally take fertility drugs in order to _____.

A) stimulate the development of a mature egg
B) stimulate the development of a placenta
C) fertilize any remaining eggs
D) simulate menopause

Question 7

In males,erectile dysfunction can be caused by all of these EXCEPT _____.

A) hormonal imbalances
B) a physical blockage
C) a genetic abnormality
D) neurological problems
E) poor hygiene

Question 8

The female menstrual cycle lasts approximately 28 days and begins when _____.

A) an egg is ovulated from an ovary
B) the corpus luteum causes the lining of the uterus to thicken
C) the endometrium is shed from the uterus
D) the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to produce FSH
E) the ovaries produce progesterone

Question 9

Which of these is NOT a cause of infertility?

A) physical blockage
B) hormone imbalance
C) chromosomal abnormalities
D) sexually transmitted diseases
E) fertilization within an oviduct

Question 10

How many sperm are required to fertilize one ovulated egg?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) more than 12

Question 11

The male testes are contained in the scrotum and produce which of the following?

A) sperm
B) hormones
C) urine
D) sperm and hormones
E) sperm and urine

Question 12

In humans,fertilization of the egg takes place in the _____.

A) vagina
B) oviduct
C) cervix
D) vas deferens
E) ovaries

Question 13

As women get older and are no longer able to ovulate,they begin _____ and stop having menstrual cycles.

A) puberty
B) contraception
C) menopause
D) placental removal
E) hysterectomy

Question 14

During ovulation,an egg is released from an ovary.Once released,the egg _____.

A) travels down the uterus to the oviduct
B) travels down the oviduct to the uterus
C) travels down the endometrium to the uterus
D) is digested by enzymes in the oviduct
E) is absorbed by the endometrium

Question 15

Many cases of infertility are caused by hormonal imbalances.Which of these is NOT a common cause of hormonal imbalances?

A) starvation
B) heavy exercise
C) medications
D) tumors
E) sex

Question 16

When is the most fertile time for a woman to become pregnant during the menstrual cycle?

A) within 24 hours after ovulation
B) 3 days after ovulation
C) at the end of the menstrual cycle
D) 3 days before ovulation
E) at the beginning of menstruation

Question 17

All of these statements are true of the male reproductive system EXCEPT _____.

A) the semen is produced in the vas deferens
B) it produces testosterone
C) both urine and semen exit the body via the urethra
D) the reproductive system consists of several paired organs
E) sperm develop in the seminiferous tubules

Question 18

Beginning at puberty,males produce a continuous supply of sperm.How long does it take for a single sperm to mature in the seminiferous tubules?

A) 2 days
B) 2 weeks
C) 6 weeks
D) 6 months
E) longer than 6 months

Question 19

Hormones play a large role in female reproductive success.Which of these is considered the master coordinator of the female reproductive cycle?

A) anterior pituitary gland
B) ovaries
C) hypothalamus
D) thalamus
E) follicles

Question 20

Which hormone(s)is(are)produced by the anterior pituitary gland and travel(s)through the bloodstream to reach the ovaries?

A) follicle-stimulating hormone
B) human chorionic gonadotropin
C) luteinizing hormone
D) follicle-stimulating hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin
E) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

Question 21

All of these organisms reproduce via external fertilization EXCEPT _____.

A) fish
B) hydra
C) birds
D) coral

Question 22

Testosterone signals the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules.This process begins with _____.

A) ovulation of follicles into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules
B) meiosis of sperm precursor cells in the seminiferous tubules
C) attachment of sperm tails in the seminiferous tubules
D) mitosis of precursor sperm cells in the urethra
E) meiosis of the sperm precursor cells in the prostate

Question 23

Birds and reptiles reproduce sexually via internal fertilization.Where does this fertilization take place?

A) cloaca
B) urethra
C) ovary
D) uterus
E) nest

Question 24

Which type of assisted reproduction is more likely to result in multiple births?

A) in vitro fertilization without the use of fertility drugs
B) unassisted insemination without the use of fertility drugs
C) intrauterine insemination in conjunction with fertility drugs
D) in vitro fertilization with the transfer of one embryo

Question 25

Sperm develop in

A) the epididymis.
B) the vas deferens.
C) the seminiferous tubules.
D) the urethra.
E) the penis.

Question 26

Which of these does NOT lead to infertility in men?

A) radiation
B) chemotherapy
C) testicular injury
D) endometriosis

Question 27

Why is IUI more likely to result in multiple births than IVF?

A) During IUI,one fertilized egg is split to produce multiple embryos.
B) During IUI,semen is injected directly into the uterus.
C) During IVF,only one embryo is injected into the uterus at a time.
D) During IVF,only one egg is harvested from the ovary at a time.
E) During IUI,multiple embryos are injected into the uterus at one time.

Question 28

Human prenatal development lasts 9 months and is broken down into three trimesters.During which trimester do external genitalia develop?

A) First trimester
B) Second trimester
C) Third trimester
D) The time of development varies from person to person.

Question 29

A decrease in testosterone production as men age can cause all of the following EXCEPT a _____.

A) decline in sperm quality
B) decline in mental capacity
C) decrease in libido
D) decrease in sex drive
E) decline in sperm quantity

Question 30

The hormone hCG is an indicator of pregnancy;it also

A) signals the corpus luteum to keep producing progesterone.
B) triggers ovulation.
C) acts on the anterior pituitary gland,causing it to release a surge of LH.
D) acts on the endometrium,causing it to thicken.
E) attracts sperm.

Question 31

For what reason has the American Society for Reproductive Medicine created guidelines to help reduce the number of multiples born as a result of IUI and IVF?

A) Multiples are often plagued with health problems.
B) Multiple births are often advantageous to the mother.
C) Twins and quadruplets are often healthier than single births.
D) Parents of multiples are less likely to want more children.

Question 32

A woman can become pregnant if she has intercourse 5 days before ovulating or on the day she ovulates,but not generally more than 24 hours after ovulation.What does this suggest about sperm and egg? Select the TWO correct answers.

A) Sperm can survive for up to 6 days in the female reproductive tract.
B) Fertilization can occur in the ovary.
C) Human eggs cannot survive for very long after ovulation.

Question 33

Which of the following could interfere with ovulation?

A) blocked oviducts
B) chronically low levels of LH
C) excessive production of cervical mucus that blocks the cervix
D) presence of sperm in the oviduct
E) low levels of hCG

Question 34

Why can untreated pelvic inflammatory disease lead to infertility?

A) because it prevents ovulation
B) because it scars and blocks the oviducts
C) because it scars and blocks the cervix
D) because it interferes with estrogen production by the ovaries
E) because it interferes with FSH and LH production by the anterior pituitary gland

Question 35

Healthy ovaries are important to a woman's fertility.Which situation can lead to nonfunctional ovaries?

A) cancer
B) endometriosis
C) undeveloped ovarian tissue
D) hormonal imbalances
E) fibroids in the oviducts

Question 36

Which of the following would most directly cause reduced levels of estrogen production?

A) an anterior pituitary tumor that increases secretion of LH
B) an increase in hypothalamus hormones that target the anterior pituitary
C) an anterior pituitary tumor that increases secretion of FSH
D) a decrease in hypothalamus hormones that target the anterior pituitary
E) anterior pituitary damage that prevents synthesis and release of FSH

Question 37

Ovaries produce ________.

A) estrogen
B) hormones
C) eggs
D) progesterone
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 38

All of these statements regarding in vitro fertilization are true EXCEPT _____.

A) eggs are harvested during an ultrasound-guided procedure
B) women are given drugs to stimulate egg maturation
C) eggs are fertilized outside of the woman's body
D) fertilized embryos are injected into the uterus for implantation
E) women are given drugs to stimulate ovulation

Question 39

The embryonic stage of fetal development lasts approximately _______ weeks after fertilization.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 12

Question 40

Eggs are produced in the ________.

A) cervix
B) uterus
C) oviducts
D) ovaries
E) vagina

Question 41

The correct order of the path that sperm take out of a man's body is ________.

A) seminiferous tubules,epididymis,vas deferens,urethra
B) urethra,vas deferens,epididymis,seminiferous tubules
C) epididymis,seminiferous tubules,vas deferens,urethra
D) urethra,seminiferous tubules,epididymis,vas deferens
E) urethra,epididymis,vas deferens,seminiferous tubules

Question 42

Embryos implant into the ________,a specialized tissue that lines the ________.

A) uterus;female reproductive system
B) cervical lining;cervix
C) endometrium;vagina
D) endometrium;uterus
E) cervical lining;female reproductive system

Question 43

A fetus develops in the ________.

A) cervix
B) uterus
C) oviducts
D) ovaries
E) vagina

Question 44

The uterus is lined with a tissue called the ________.

A) endocardium
B) mezometrium
C) ureter
D) endometrium
E) parametrium

Question 45

Most males have ________ testes.

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4
E) 3

Question 46

The ________ connects the urethra and the testes.

A) prostate gland
B) vas deferens
C) ureter
D) penis
E) seminiferous tubules

Question 47

A woman gave birth to fraternal twins,one daughter and one son.A minimum of how many sperm successfully fertilized an egg(s)to initiate her pregnancy?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 10

Question 48

Most females have ________ ovaries.

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4
E) 3

Question 49

Testis is to ovary as vas deferens is to _________.

A) uterus
B) follicle
C) corpus luteum
D) oviduct
E) cervix

Question 50

The maximum number of sperm that can successfully fertilize an egg is ________.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 10

Question 51

Most of the testes are filled with the ________.

A) prostate gland
B) vas deferens
C) ureter
D) epididymis
E) seminiferous tubules

Question 52

The vas deferens connects the ________ and the testes.

A) prostate gland
B) ureter
C) urethra
D) penis
E) seminiferous vesicles

Question 53

Sperm enters the female reproductive system at the ________.

A) cervix
B) uterus
C) oviducts
D) ovaries
E) vagina

Question 54

Sperm are produced by the ________.

A) prostate gland
B) vas deferens
C) ureter
D) epididymis
E) seminiferous tubules

Question 55

Fertilization normally occurs in the _________.

A) uterus
B) cervix
C) oviduct
D) ovary
E) vagina

Question 56

The human structure that is most similar to a bird's cloaca is the _________.

A) oviduct
B) vas deferens
C) female urethra
D) male urethra
E) cervix

Question 57

Fertilization normally occurs in the ________.

A) cervix
B) uterus
C) oviduct
D) ovaries
E) vagina

Question 58

Sperm are stored in the ________ prior to ejaculation.

A) prostate gland
B) vas deferens
C) ureter
D) epididymis
E) seminal vesicles

Question 59

A fertilized egg is called a(n)________.

A) embryo
B) zygote
C) trophoblast
D) blastocyst
E) fetus

Question 60

Sperm mature in the ________.

A) prostate gland
B) vas deferens
C) ureter
D) epididymis
E) seminiferous tubules

Question 61

The shedding of the endometrium is called ________.

A) menstruation
B) ovulation
C) amortization
D) endometriation
E) ejaculation

Question 62

Which of the following correctly lists the structures through which sperm must pass from entry into the female reproductive tract to the site of fertilization?

A) cervix,vagina,uterus,oviduct
B) vagina,uterus,cervix,oviduct
C) vagina,cervix,uterus,oviduct
D) vagina,uterus,oviduct,ovary
E) vagina,cervix,uterus,oviduct,ovary

Question 63

One general cause of infertility in men is the inability of sperm to move from the testes into the urethra.Which of the following can cause this problem?

A) erectile dysfunction
B) testicular varicose veins
C) low testosterone
D) both erectile dysfunction and testicular varicose veins
E) both testicular varicose veins and low testosterone

Question 64

Prior to development of the placenta,the _______ produces estrogen and progesterone to support pregnancy.

A) ovaries
B) oviducts
C) corpus luteum
D) uterus
E) embryo

Question 65

How does human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)support pregnancy?

A) It directs the anterior pituitary gland to continue secreting luteinizing hormone,which keeps the follicles healthy until the placenta develops.
B) It directs the follicles to continue to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone,which keeps estrogen and progesterone levels high until the placenta develops.
C) It directs the placenta to start producing estrogen and progesterone as the corpus luteum degenerates.
D) It directs the corpus luteum to continue estrogen and progesterone production while the placenta develops.
E) It directs the anterior pituitary to continue to secrete estrogen and progesterone until the placenta develops sufficiently.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Semen contains sperm.
B) The scrotum contains ovaries.
C) The uterus contains the urethra.
D) The ovaries contain oviducts.
E) The epididymis contains eggs.

Question 67

All of the following are potential causes of human male infertility,EXCEPT ________.

A) low testosterone
B) abnormal sperm
C) meiosis
D) varicose veins
E) erectile dysfunction

Question 68

Precursor sperm cells have _______ of every chromosome,and sperm have _______ of every chromosome.

A) 1 copy;1 copy
B) 1 copy;2 copies
C) 2 copies;1 copy
D) 2 copies;2 copies
E) 2 copies;3 copies

Question 69

The developing follicle secretes ________.

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) follicle-stimulating hormone
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 70

Normally,fertilization occurs in the _________,and implantation occurs in the ________.

A) ovaries;uterus
B) uterus;cervix
C) follicle;oviduct
D) oviduct;uterus
E) follicle;uterus

Question 71

Luteinizing hormone is produced by the ________.

A) thalamus
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) hypothalamus
D) ovaries
E) corpus luteum

Question 72

Release of an egg is triggered by ________.

A) auxin
B) estrogen
C) luteinizing hormone
D) human chorionic gonadotropin
E) androgen

Question 73

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)is produced by ________.

A) the follicle
B) the corpus luteum
C) the embryo prior to implantation
D) the embryo after implantation
E) the placenta

Question 74

The corpus luteum secretes ________.

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) both estrogen and progesterone
E) both progesterone and luteinizing hormone

Question 75

Which of the following BEST distinguishes between zygotes and embryos?

A) Zygotes are fertilized eggs within the oviduct;embryos are fertilized eggs in the uterus.
B) Fertilized eggs are called zygotes until they implant in the uterine lining and embryos after that.
C) Fertilized eggs are zygotes until they begin to divide,at which time they are called embryos.
D) Zygotes are eggs that haven't been fertilized;embryos are fertilized eggs.
E) Embryos are eggs fertilized in the oviducts;zygotes are eggs fertilized in the uterus.

Question 76

The anterior pituitary gland secretes ________.

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) follicle-stimulating hormone
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 77

The _______ becomes the corpus luteum.

A) follicle
B) ovule
C) egg
D) ovary
E) zygote

Question 78

Follicle-stimulating hormone ________.

A) is responsible for male pattern baldness
B) causes the follicle to transform into the corpus luteum
C) is responsible for the production of body hair at the onset of puberty
D) causes a thickening of the endometrium
E) causes maturation of an egg at the beginning of a menstrual cycle

Question 79

Tissue scarring,cancer,and infection can cause tissue blockages and infertility in ________.

A) men
B) women
C) both men and women
D) both men and women,but primarily women
E) both men and women,but primarily men

Question 80

Estrogen levels peak during days _______ of the menstrual cycle.

A) 1-4
B) 5-9
C) 10-14
D) 15-19
E) 20-24