Deck 30: Central Nervous System

Question 1

Which statement best explains how the body responds to external stimuli such as a bug bite?

A) Effector cells receive the message from the brain to swat the bug.
B) Skin cells receive the message from the brain to swat the bug.
C) Sensory cells receive the message from the brain to swat the bug.
D) Effector cells detect pain at the site of a bug bite and send this information to the brain.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Neurons have a unique cell structure that facilitates signal transmission.Which list correctly traces the path of a signal as it enters a neuron?

A) cell body,dendrites,axon
B) axon,cell body,dendrites
C) cell body,axon,dendrites
D) dendrites,axon,cell body
E) dendrites,cell body,axon

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which statement best explains how a signal of pain is transmitted to the brain?

A) Sensory receptors send signals along nerve cells to the spinal column where they are passed to the brain.
B) The spinal column sends signals along sensory cells to the sensory receptors where they are passed to the brain.
C) Sensory receptors are linked directly to the brain.
D) The spinal column senses pain and sends a message directly to the brain.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Myelin is an important part of the nervous system.All of these statements are true regarding myelin EXCEPT _____.

A) myelin provides insulation along the axon
B) myelin helps maintain a strong electrical charge along the axon
C) myelin prevents the electrical charge from leaking across the membrane and dissipating
D) myelin is produced by the cells that form the axon of a neuron

Question 5

Electrical signals are carried toward the cell body by the dendrites and away from the cell body by the _____.

A) myelin sheath
B) axon
C) nucleus
D) receptor ions
E) sensory ions

Question 6

Studying for a biology exam involves which portion of the brain?

A) brainstem
B) diencephalon
C) cerebellum
D) cerebral cortex
E) glial

Question 7

The brain is part of the nervous system and is made up of _____.

A) four major regions with multiple subregions
B) a large bundle of glial cells
C) two distinct regions: the front and back brains
D) two distinct regions: the left and right brains
E) one region that consists of millions of neurons

Question 8

Our sensory organs,such as our eyes and ears,contain many sensory receptors.These sensory receptors are part of the _____.

A) sensory nervous system
B) peripheral nervous system
C) central nervous system
D) eye and ear nervous system
E) external nervous system

Question 9

Which statement regarding nicotine is false?

A) Chewing tobacco is less addictive than cigarettes.
B) Nicotine inhaled in cigarette smoke reaches the brain within 8 seconds.
C) Nicotine is the addictive chemical in tobacco.
D) Nicotine is absorbed into the bloodstream and transported throughout the body.
E) Nicotine stimulates the pleasure response center of the brain.

Question 10

The brain is part of the central nervous system.Messages sent from the brain to the fingers and toes must travel from the central nervous system to the _____ nervous system.

A) main
B) effector
C) peripheral
D) sensory
E) simple

Question 11

Smoking is an addictive behavior that can be hard to stop.Which situation is responsible for the pleasurable feelings associated with smoking?

A) increased tar in the lungs
B) increased dopamine production in the brain
C) decreased nicotine in the blood
D) decreased dopamine production in the brain
E) decreased lung function

Question 12

Nerve cells,called neurons,transmit signals through the central nervous system.Which neurons are responsible for receiving information?

A) pressure neurons
B) motor neurons
C) functional neurons
D) sensory neurons
E) spinal neurons

Question 13

The spinal cord consists of a thick bundle of nerves that is protected by which of the following?

A) skull
B) nerve tissue
C) heart
D) spinal column
E) skin

Question 14

All of these behaviors can become addictions EXCEPT _____.

A) food
B) smoking
C) happiness
D) alcohol
E) shopping

Question 15

Neurons communicate with each other through electrical signals called action potentials.All of these statements are true regarding action potentials EXCEPT _____.

A) signals are passed by the successive firing of action potentials
B) K⁺ and Na⁺ are important ions in the nervous system
C) positive ions move into and out of the axon as the signal is passed
D) K⁺ and Na⁺ ions are produced by the glial cells
E) the myelin sheath prevents ions from leaking across the axon membrane

Question 16

When the myelin sheath protecting the axon is damaged or degenerates,the result is a(n)_____.

A) increase in action potential in the cell body
B) decrease in action potential along the axon
C) increase in action potential along the axon
D) increase in action potential along the dendrites
E) decrease in action potential in the cell body

Question 17

The limbic system is a part of the nervous system that includes all of these structures EXCEPT the_____.

A) hypothalamus and cerebellum
B) thalamus and spinal cord
C) spinal cord and hippocampus
D) hippocampus and amygdala

Question 18

Each neuron contains many _____,and only one _____.

A) axons;dendrite
B) axons;cell body
C) dendrites;axon
D) cell bodies;dendrite
E) cell bodies;axon

Question 19

Which statement regarding neurons is incorrect?

A) The nervous system uses electrical currents to pass information along neurons.
B) Neurons are highly specialized cells that lack a nucleus.
C) Each neuron contains only one axon.
D) Dendrites collect information and "carry" it toward the cell body.
E) The human body contains a complex network of neurons that work to maintain homeostasis.

Question 20

All of these statements are true regarding the nervous system EXCEPT _____.

A) nervous tissue is located only on the skin
B) the central nervous system controls all of the body's activities
C) the peripheral nervous system includes all of the nervous tissue outside the spinal cord and the brain
D) the spinal cord is made up of many nerve cells
E) the brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system

Question 21

Prolonged exposure to methamphetamines does NOT lead to _____.

A) decreased memory skills
B) hallucinations
C) decreased motor skills
D) increased short-term memory

Question 22

Neurotransmitters are vital to a healthy nervous system.Which statement is false regarding neurotransmitters?

A) Neurotransmitters help neurons communicate with each other.
B) Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft to the neighboring neuron.
C) Serotonin is a type of neurotransmitter.
D) Drug use can increase neurotransmitter production by the body.
E) Dopamine and other neurotransmitters play a large role in addictive behavior.

Question 23

Which statement regarding dopamine is false?

A) Dopamine is a neurotransmitter.
B) Dopamine is produced by neurons.
C) Dopamine production is inhibited by nicotine.
D) Dopamine is responsible for feelings of pleasure.
E) Dopamine production is increased by cocaine and other drugs.

Question 24

A withdrawal of dopamine-producing drugs can lead to all of these symptoms EXCEPT _____.

A) physical illness
B) depression
C) instant pleasure
D) anxiety
E) intense cravings

Question 25

Scientists have identified several regions of the brain as well as their functions.Which region of the brain is incorrectly paired with its function?

A) hippocampus-memory
B) brain stem-heart rate
C) cerebrum-perception and thinking
D) diencephalon-homeostatic functions
E) cerebellum-reflexes

Question 26

All of these statements are true of neurotransmitters EXCEPT _____.

A) they are released from the axon terminal
B) they allow neurons to communicate with each other
C) they can initiate another action potential in the receiving neuron
D) there is only one type of neurotransmitter in the human body
E) receptor sites are specific to each type of neurotransmitter

Question 27

Which of the following correctly lists the steps by which nicotine from cigarettes reaches the pleasure centers of the brain?

A) Nicotine moves to the lungs,travels to the brain,is absorbed into the bloodstream,and travels throughout the body.
B) Nicotine moves to the lungs,is absorbed into the bloodstream,and travels to the brain and the rest of the body.
C) Nicotine is absorbed into the bloodstream,moves to the lungs,and travels to the brain and the rest of the body.
D) Nicotine is absorbed into the bloodstream and travels simultaneously to the lungs,brain,and rest of the body.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 28

The feeling of joy we get from winning a game is the result of a neurotransmitter called _____.

A) nicotine
B) dopamine
C) acetylcholine
D) action potential
E) K⁺ and Na⁺

Question 29

Addictive substances confer a sense of pleasure because they

A) decrease the amount of dopamine in synaptic clefts.
B) increase the amount of dopamine in synaptic clefts.
C) increase the number of dopamine receptors on the axon terminals of cells that release dopamine.
D) increase the number of dopamine receptors on dendrites of cells that release dopamine.
E) increase the number of dopamine receptors on both the axon terminals and dendrites of cells that release dopamine.

Question 30

The ability to resist addictive behaviors such as smoking is LEAST influenced by _____.

A) the limbic system
B) past experiences
C) the environment
D) neurotransmitters
E) willpower

Question 31

Sensory input is received and integrated by the _______ nervous system.

A) central
B) polar
C) involuntary
D) peripheral
E) cerebral

Question 32

Taking drugs can lead to all of these EXCEPT _____.

A) changes in blood flow to the cerebrum
B) a change in neuron shape
C) a down-regulated dopamine system
D) long-term developmental problems
E) long-term feelings of pleasure and joy

Question 33

Neurons release neurotransmitters from their

A) cell bodies.
B) dendrites.
C) axon terminals.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 34

Action potentials are a type of _________ signaling that relies on ________.

A) electrical;neurotransmitters
B) electrical;charged ions
C) electrical;electrons
D) chemical;neurotransmitters
E) chemical;charged ions

Question 35

Neurons receive information through their

A) axons.
B) axon terminals.
C) cell bodies.
D) dendrites.
E) nuclei.

Question 36

Over time,repeated drug use can lead to _____.

A) a decrease in the number of available dopamine receptors
B) a decrease in natural dopamine production
C) an increase in natural dopamine production
D) a decrease in dopamine receptors and a decrease in dopamine production
E) a decrease in dopamine receptors and an increase in natural dopamine production

Question 37

When smoking,nicotine passes from the lungs to the _______.

A) heart
B) bloodstream
C) white blood cells
D) blastocysts
E) stomach

Question 38

A brain injury (caused by a blow to the head,for example)that results in the loss of the ability to speak most likely affected the

A) cerebellum.
B) cerebrum.
C) diencephalon.
D) brain stem.
E) hypothalamus.

Question 39

Which statement best describes what happens when an action potential reaches an axon terminal?

A) The synapse generates a spark of electricity.
B) The synaptic cleft expands to inhibit transmission of the action potential.
C) Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal.
D) Neurotransmitters generate an electrical spark.
E) Receptors release neurotransmitters into the synapse.

Question 40

Which statement best explains why drugs users need more and more of the drug to reach the same level of pleasure?

A) As dopamine receptors are reduced,more of the drug is required to ensure the remaining receptors are occupied.
B) As dopamine receptors increase in number,more of the drug is required to fill the empty receptors.
C) Natural dopamine production is increased;therefore,more drugs are required to increase receptor sites.
D) Dopamine receptors stop producing dopamine;therefore,more drugs are required to increase receptor production.
E) As dopamine production is reduced,more of the drug is required to ensure that the remaining receptors are occupied.

Question 41

Sensory neurons and motor neurons are part of the _______.

A) peripheral nervous system
B) cerebral cortex
C) limbic system
D) cerebellum
E) cerebellum and limbic system

Question 42

A difference between the central and peripheral nervous systems is that _________.

A) the peripheral nervous system contains neurons,unlike the central nervous system
B) the peripheral nervous system is not involved in regulating body functions
C) the neurons of the central nervous system use neurotransmitters
D) the central nervous system only contains receiving neurons
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 43

_______ control contractions of skeletal muscle.

A) Interneurons
B) Glial cells
C) Potassium ions
D) Motor neurons
E) Skeletal neurons

Question 44

Sensory input comes into a neuron at the _______.

A) axon hillocks
B) cell bodies
C) dendrites
D) axon terminals
E) myelin sheaths

Question 45

Sensory receptors in your skin belong to the _______.

A) central nervous system
B) spinal cord
C) peripheral nervous system
D) effector system
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 46

An example of an effector cell is_______.

A) a motor neuron
B) a sensory neuron
C) a muscle cell
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 47

The general flow of information through the nervous system is from _____ to _____ to _____.

A) sensory receptors;the brain;the peripheral nervous system
B) the central nervous system;the brain;effector cells
C) the peripheral nervous system;the central nervous system;effector cells
D) the peripheral nervous system;effector cells;the central nervous system
E) the central nervous system;the peripheral nervous system;effector cells

Question 48

The ___________ connects the peripheral nervous system to the rest of the central nervous system.

A) brain
B) brain stem
C) cerebrum
D) cerebellum
E) spinal cord

Question 49

Two neurons interact with each other at the _______.

A) axon hillocks
B) cell bodies
C) dendrites
D) axon terminals
E) myelin sheaths

Question 50

The nervous system is composed of two parts,the _______ and the _______.

A) sensory;central
B) sensory;peripheral
C) central;peripheral
D) motor;central
E) brain;nerves

Question 51

People who receive a sharp blow to the elbow will sometimes feel their pinky and third finger go numb.The injury that causes this happens to the ________.

A) central nervous system
B) peripheral nervous system
C) sensory neurons
D) motor neurons
E) spinal cord

Question 52

Muscle cells that respond to signals from the central nervous system are examples of _______.

A) sensory receptors
B) peripheral nervous system
C) central nervous system
D) effector cells
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 53

The central nervous system consists of ________,whereas the peripheral nervous system consists of _______.

A) the brain,spinal cord,and other nervous tissue;peripheral nerves
B) the brain and spinal cord;effector cells
C) all nervous tissue;effector cells
D) the brain and spinal cord;peripheral nerves
E) effector cells;sensory cells

Question 54

When you jerk your hand away from a hot surface,the path taken from stimulus to action is _______.

A) central nervous system to peripheral nervous system
B) peripheral nervous system to central nervous system
C) central nervous system to peripheral nervous system and back to central nervous system
D) peripheral nervous system to central nervous system and back to peripheral nervous system
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 55

________ are a fatty layer insulating neurons and increasing efficiency.

A) Axon hillocks
B) Cell bodies
C) Dendrites
D) Axon terminals
E) Myelin sheaths

Question 56

Most of a neuron's organelles are contained in the _______.

A) myelin sheath vacuole
B) axon
C) cell body
D) axon hillock
E) synaptic cleft

Question 57

The central nervous system is composed of the _______ and the _______.

A) spinal cord;peripheral nerves
B) sensory nerves;motor nerves
C) interneurons;motor nerves
D) brain;spinal cord
E) cerebral;spinal cord

Question 58

The support cells protecting neurons are called _______ cells.

A) glial
B) myelin
C) axial
D) neuroblasts
E) axons

Question 59

A bundle of specialized cells that transmit information are called _______.

A) an interneuron
B) the central nervous system
C) a cell body
D) the corpus luteus
E) a nerve

Question 60

The nucleus of a neuron is found in the _______.

A) axon hillocks
B) cell body
C) dendrites
D) axon terminals
E) myelin sheaths

Question 61

Action potentials travel down axons because _______.

A) sensory signals stimulate axons at many points along their lengths
B) potassium moves rapidly down the length of the axon,triggering action potentials as it does so
C) sodium moves rapidly down the length of the axon,triggering action potentials as it does so
D) positive sodium ions entering the neuron at one spot trigger an action potential at a neighboring spot on the membrane
E) positive potassium ions entering the neuron at one spot trigger an action potential at a neighboring spot on the membrane

Question 62

The part of the brain that receives and interprets sensory input is the _______.

A) thalamus
B) brain stem
C) cerebrum
D) cerebellum
E) pons

Question 63

The largest part of the forebrain is the _______.

A) thalamus
B) brain stem
C) cerebrum
D) cerebellum
E) pons

Question 64

The region of the brain involved in learning and memory is the _______.

A) pons
B) cerebellum
C) thalamus
D) medulla
E) hippocampus

Question 65

A resting neuron _______.

A) is more positively charged on the outside of its membrane than on the inside
B) is more negatively charged on the outside of its membrane than on the inside
C) is positively charged on both sides of the membrane
D) is negatively charged on both sides of the membrane
E) is electrically neutral

Question 66

The proper path for an action potential is _________.

A) axon terminals to axon to dendrites
B) axon to axon terminals to dendrites
C) dendrites to axon terminals to axon
D) dendrites to axon to axon terminals
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 67

Nicotine causes a release of _______ in the brain.

A) melatonin
B) boron
C) neurons
D) dopamine
E) ephedrine

Question 68

The arrival of an action potential at an axon terminal stimulates _______.

A) the release of sodium ions
B) the uptake of neurotransmitters
C) the release of neurotransmitters
D) the release of sodium ions and the uptake of neurotransmitters
E) the release of sodium ions and the release of neurotransmitters

Question 69

The region of the brain that regulates homeostatic functions and includes the thalamus and hypothalamus is the _______.

A) diencephalon
B) encephalartos
C) medulla
D) parietal lobe
E) pons

Question 70

Sensory neurons _______.

A) convey information to the central nervous system
B) are part of the peripheral nervous system
C) are part of the central nervous system
D) both convey information to the central nervous system and are part of the peripheral nervous system.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 71

Axon is to electrical cord as _________ is to electrical plug.

A) sensory neuron
B) motor neuron
C) myelin
D) axon terminal
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 72

An action potential begins when,in response to a stimulus,_______.

A) sodium channels open and sodium enters the neuron
B) sodium channels open and sodium exits the neuron
C) potassium channels open and potassium enters the neuron
D) potassium channels open and potassium exits the neuron
E) sodium channels close and sodium is pumped out of the neuron

Question 73

An action potential is best defined as _______.

A) the difference in charge across a resting neuron due to the distribution of ions across the neuron's membrane
B) the opening of sodium channels in response to a stimulus
C) the closing of sodium channels and the opening of potassium channels
D) an electrical signal within a neuron caused by the movement of ions
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 74

Release of dopamine in the brain leads to feelings of _______.

A) anxiety
B) lethargy
C) pleasure
D) fear
E) loathing

Question 75

When a neuron is activated,it goes from having _______ internal charge to having _______ internal charge.

A) a positive;a more positive
B) a negative;a more negative
C) a positive;a negative
D) a negative;a positive
E) a positive;no

Question 76

Motor neurons _______.

A) control the contraction of skeletal muscle
B) control the contraction of cardiac muscle
C) are part of the central nervous system
D) both control the contraction of skeletal and cardiac muscles
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 77

When a neuron is activated,_______ ions rush into the cell.

A) chloride
B) boron
C) sodium
D) potassium
E) phosphate

Question 78

An action potential at one point along a neuron's membrane ends when _______.

A) sodium channels open and sodium enters the neuron
B) sodium channels open and sodium exits the neuron
C) potassium channels open and potassium enters the neuron
D) potassium channels open and potassium exits the neuron
E) sodium channels close and sodium is pumped out of the neuron

Question 79

An axon is to a telephone line as myelin is to _______.

A) a telephone
B) a telephone switchboard
C) rubber wire insulation
D) telephone poles
E) a telephone jack

Question 80

In the propagation of an action potential,the entry of ________ into the neuron stimulates _________.

A) sodium ions;entry of more sodium ions
B) sodium ions;entry of potassium ions
C) potassium ions;entry of sodium ions
D) potassium ions;entry of more potassium ions
E) None of the answers are correct.