Deck 28: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The cells that provide protection against infection and respond to injuries are _____.

A) platelets
B) red blood cells
C) plasma
D) white blood cells

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of these is part of a heart-healthy diet in large amounts?

A) saturated fats
B) fruits and veggies
C) added sugars
D) added salts

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Cardiovascular disease is analogous to _____.

A) blocked plumbing
B) a broken dishwasher
C) disconnected electrical wires
D) a leaky roof

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which statement is false about arteries and veins?

A) Veins have valves and little muscle tissue.
B) Arteries have valves and much muscle tissue.
C) Arteries are under high pressure.
D) Veins are under low pressure.

Question 5

The largest artery in the human body carries blood from the left ventricle to the body and is called the _____.

A) superior vena cava
B) pulmonary vein
C) aorta
D) pulmonary artery

Question 6

In humans,deoxygenated blood returning from the brain will first enter into the _____ of the heart.

A) left atrium
B) right atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle

Question 7

When the doctor uses a stethoscope,she can listen to your beating heart.She hears "lub-dub,lub-dub." These sounds are created by _____.

A) muscles in the left ventricle
B) blood flowing through the aorta
C) blood pressure differentials from chamber to chamber
D) blood recoiling against the closed valves

Question 8

Hypertension is often called a silent killer because it often has _____.

A) little or no symptoms but deadly effects
B) many symptoms and no effects
C) many symptoms and deadly effects
D) many symptoms but no treatments

Question 9

In humans,which vessel transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

A) pulmonary artery
B) pulmonary vein
C) vena cava
D) aorta

Question 10

Mitochondria are organelles that use oxygen during aerobic cellular respiration.To prevent them from using the oxygen that they carry throughout the body,_____ lack mitochondria.

A) platelets
B) white blood cells
C) red blood cells
D) lung cells

Question 11

The pulmonary circuit of the heart carries blood from the _____ side of the heart to the _____.

A) right;lungs
B) right;body cells
C) left;lungs
D) left;body cells

Question 12

Which statement about red blood cells is true?

A) Their main function is to carry nutrients.
B) Red blood cells are shaped like concave disks.
C) Their main function is to protect against infections.
D) Red blood cells have nuclei.

Question 13

During ventricular systole,the _____ valves_____.

A) atrioventricular;open
B) semilunar;close
C) semilunar;open
D) AV and semilunar;close

Question 14

Which structures carry blood away from the heart?

A) aorta,arteries,arterioles
B) vena cava,veins,venules
C) capillaries
D) arteries and veins

Question 15

The liquid part of your blood is _____.

A) lymph
B) plasma
C) serum
D) interstitial fluid

Question 16

Where does gas exchange occur in the body?

A) within the venules
B) within the capillary beds
C) within the arterioles
D) within both arterioles and venules

Question 17

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

A) high blood pressure
B) smoking
C) high cholesterol
D) regular exercise

Question 18

What is the cause of more than half of all deaths in the United States?

A) cardiovascular disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) cancer
D) diabetes

Question 19

Which statement is true about the circulatory system?

A) The smallest blood vessels in the body are veins.
B) A circulatory system is necessary in any animal whose body is too large or too complex for chemicals exchanged by simple diffusion.
C) Materials are exchanged directly between the blood and body cells.
D) Veins carry blood away from the heart to body organs and tissues.

Question 20

During which phase of the heartbeat does the heart fill with blood?

A) resting phase
B) diastole
C) active phase
D) systole

Question 21

___________ move blood away from the heart,and ____________ return blood to the heart.

A) Arteries;veins
B) Veins;arteries
C) Pulmonary circuits;systemic circuits
D) Systemic circuits;pulmonary circuits
E) Veins;veins

Question 22

Which of the following contain pressurized blood propelled by the heart?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) ventricles
E) atria

Question 23

What is happening in a capillary in your big toe?

A) Oxygen is diffusing from the blood into your toe tissue.
B) Carbon dioxide is diffusing from your toe tissue into the blood.
C) Nutrients are diffusing from the blood into your toe tissue.
D) All of these answers are correct.
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 24

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is

A) a vein.
B) an artery.
C) an atrium.
D) a capillary.
E) a ventricle.

Question 25

The transition between arteries and veins occurs within tiny blood vessels termed

A) transition vessels.
B) transition arteries.
C) capillaries.
D) lungs.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 26

The heart obtains oxygen from

A) the blood in its chambers.
B) the coronary arteries.
C) the systemic arteries.
D) the coronary veins.
E) the systemic veins.

Question 27

Which of the following is the correct order of structures through which blood flows as it passes through the cardiovascular system?

A) right side of heart $\rightarrow$ body $\rightarrow$ left side of heart $\rightarrow$ lungs
B) left side of heart $\rightarrow$ body $\rightarrow$ right side of heart $\rightarrow$ lungs
C) left side of heart $\rightarrow$ right side of heart $\rightarrow$ body $\rightarrow$ lungs
D) right side of heart $\rightarrow$ left side of heart $\rightarrow$ lungs $\rightarrow$ body

Question 28

In the pulmonary circuit,which structures contain the highest blood pressure?

A) the aorta
B) the pulmonary vein
C) the pulmonary artery
D) the right atrium
E) the lungs

Question 29

Blood enters the systemic circuit from

A) the lungs.
B) the left side of the heart.
C) the right side of the heart.
D) the body.
E) both the left and right sides of the heart.

Question 30

Blood returning to the heart from the lungs enters the

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.
E) coronary arteries.

Question 31

A cardiovascular system is composed of

A) the heart.
B) blood vessels.
C) blood.
D) None of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is not true of capillaries?

A) Blood moves through them slowly.
B) They have a very small diameter.
C) They have very thin walls.
D) They occur between arteries and veins.
E) They have valves.

Question 33

What structure of the cardiovascular system is a fist-size muscle that works as a pump?

A) ventricle
B) kidney
C) aorta
D) arteries
E) heart

Question 34

A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart is

A) an artery.
B) a vein.
C) a ventricle.
D) a coronary.
E) an atrium.

Question 35

Which of the following is the largest artery in the human body?

A) a coronary artery
B) a pulmonary vein
C) a pulmonary artery
D) an aorta
E) an atrium

Question 36

Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body?

A) the right atrium
B) the right ventricle
C) the left atrium
D) the left ventricle
E) both the right atrium and the left atrium (to the right and left sides of the body,respectively)

Question 37

What is the defining feature of an artery?

A) It carries blood away from the heart.
B) It has very thin walls.
C) It has valves.
D) It carries oxygenated blood.
E) It has very thin walls and it carries oxygenated blood.

Question 38

Which type of cholesterol is dangerous with respect to cardiovascular disease?

A) HDL
B) LDL
C) both HDL and LDL
D) neither;cholesterol is a healthy lipid
E) HDL is a risk for hypertension and LDL is a risk for atherosclerosis.

Question 39

Which of the following is associated with the pulmonary circuit?

A) an aorta
B) a pulmonary vein
C) a left ventricle
D) a left atrium
E) a left ventricle and a left atrium

Question 40

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with left-side heart failure?

A) fluid backing up in the feet and legs,causing swelling
B) increased systolic pressure in the aorta
C) reduced oxygenation of the blood leaving the left ventricle
D) fluid backing up in the lungs,causing shortness of breath
E) increased oxygenation of the blood returning to the right atrium

Question 41

The __________ is an organ that requires oxygenated blood to pressurize oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

A) spleen
B) lung
C) liver
D) intestines
E) heart

Question 42

Why must blood follow a double circuit (pass through the heart twice before moving out to the body)?

A) Blood must be oxygenated in the pulmonary circuit prior to moving to the systemic circuit where it moves out to the body.
B) Blood must pick up nutrients in the gut prior to entering the heart a second time to be oxygenated in the pulmonary circuit.
C) Blood does not move through the heart twice before moving out to the body.
D) Blood must go to organs with high oxygen demands prior to moving back to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit.
E) Both the pulmonary and systemic circuits bypass the heart,which acts only to provide pressure to move the two systems.

Question 43

Blood flowing from the heart to the coronary arteries comes directly from which of these paths?

A) left atrium $\rightarrow$ left ventricle $\rightarrow$ aorta
B) right atrium $\rightarrow$ right ventricle $\rightarrow$ aorta
C) left atrium $\rightarrow$ left ventricle $\rightarrow$ veins
D) right atrium $\rightarrow$ right ventricle $\rightarrow$ capillaries
E) left atrium $\rightarrow$ left ventricle $\rightarrow$ arteries

Question 44

Which of the following describes the flow of blood in the heart?

A) atrium to ventricle
B) atrium to atrium and ventricle to ventricle
C) ventricles to atria
D) atria to arteries
E) atrium to ventricle and ventricles to atria

Question 45

What stops blood from flowing back into the atrium from the ventricle?

A) The two chambers are not connected.
B) The blood naturally will follow the path of least resistance.
C) The one-way valve located between the two compartments.
D) The pressure from the atrium keeps the blood in the ventricle.
E) Ventricular pressure is only directed to the systemic system.

Question 46

Which of the following organisms contains distinctly separate pulmonary and systemic systems of blood flow?

A) frog
B) fish
C) humans
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 47

Capillaries allow for diffusion of oxygen into cells because

A) of the lower concentration of oxygen in the blood.
B) of thin capillary walls.
C) blood flow is slowed.
D) blood flow is slowed and because of thin capillary walls.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 48

In which of the following circulatory systems does blood pick up nutrients from the intestines?

A) systemic
B) pulmonary
C) digestive
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 49

Humans have a(n)_____________ circulatory system.

A) closed
B) open
C) mixture of blood and other body fluids in their
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 50

The pulmonary vein is to the left atria as the __________ is to the right atria.

A) pulmonary artery
B) aorta
C) vena cava
D) left ventricle
E) right ventricle

Question 51

Which of the following describes the main differences between fish and human circulation of blood throughout the body? Select the TWO answers that apply.

A) Humans have a four-chambered heart and fish have a two-chambered heart.
B) Humans,unlike fish,must move blood from the atrium to the ventricle,which supplies the blood pressure.
C) Fish,unlike humans,must overcome a lowering of blood pressure as the blood is oxygenated before it goes directly to the systemic body.
D) All of the answers are hurdles.
E) None of the answers are hurdles.

Question 52

Which of the following are accurate regarding open and closed circulatory systems?

A) Both systems allow for the oxygenation of blood.
B) Only open systems allow for direct mixing with bodily fluids.
C) There is no real need for capillaries in open systems.
D) Closed systems separate oxygenation and nutrient pick up.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 53

Which of the following is placed in the correct order regarding blood flow?

A) veins $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ arteries
B) veins $\rightarrow$ arteries $\rightarrow$ capillaries
C) arteries $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ veins
D) arteries $\rightarrow$ veins $\rightarrow$ capillaries
E) capillaries $\rightarrow$ arteries $\rightarrow$ veins

Question 54

The _______ ventricle pumps highly oxygenated blood.

A) right
B) left
C) the only
D) right and left
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 55

Which of the following is placed in the correct order for the pulmonary circuit?

A) veins $\gamma$ right atrium $\rightarrow$ right ventricle $\rightarrow$ pulmonary $\rightarrow$ artery $\rightarrow$ lungs $\rightarrow$ pulmonary vein
B) veins $\rightarrow$ right atrium $\rightarrow$ right ventricle $\rightarrow$ pulmonary vein $\rightarrow$ lungs $\rightarrow$ pulmonary artery
C) pulmonary artery $\rightarrow$ right atrium $\rightarrow$ right ventricle $\rightarrow$ pulmonary vein $\rightarrow$ lungs
D) pulmonary artery $\rightarrow$ left atrium $\rightarrow$ left ventricle $\rightarrow$ pulmonary vein $\rightarrow$ lungs
E) pulmonary vein $\rightarrow$ left atrium $\rightarrow$ left ventricle $\rightarrow$ pulmonary artery $\rightarrow$ lungs

Question 56

Which of the following system loops carries oxygenated blood?

A) systemic circuit
B) aortic circuit
C) pulmonary circuit
D) systemic circuit and pulmonary circuit
E) systemic circuit,aortic circuit,and pulmonary circuit

Question 57

What is the typical amount of time it takes for blood to flow through the entire cardiovascular system in the body?

A) 30 seconds
B) 1 minute
C) 5 minutes
D) 10 minutes
E) It only stays in one circuit.

Question 58

Which of the following is placed in the correct order for the systemic circuit?

A) left atrium $\rightarrow$ left ventricle $\rightarrow$ aorta $\rightarrow$ arteries $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ veins
B) right atrium $\rightarrow$ right ventricle $\rightarrow$ aorta $\rightarrow$ arteries $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ veins
C) left atrium $\rightarrow$ left ventricle $\rightarrow$ veins $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ arteries $\rightarrow$ aorta
D) right atrium $\rightarrow$ right ventricle $\rightarrow$ veins $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ arteries $\rightarrow$ aorta
E) left atrium $\rightarrow$ left ventricle $\rightarrow$ aorta $\rightarrow$ arteries $\rightarrow$ veins $\rightarrow$ capillaries

Question 59

Ventricular contraction leads to the force of the blood entering the arteries.It can be measured as the _____________.

A) diastolic pressure
B) pulse
C) systolic pressure
D) systolic pressure and the pulse
E) It cannot be measured.

Question 60

What part of the heart contains the cells dictating the pace of the heart beat?

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle
E) left ventricle and left atrium

Question 61

What product(s)of cellular respiration does blood carry?

A) carbon dioxide
B) wastes
C) oxygen
D) carbon dioxide and wastes
E) wastes and oxygen

Question 62

The composition of blood contains cells in a liquid known as what?

A) water
B) bile
C) leukocyte
D) plasma
E) erythrocytosis

Question 63

Blood contains ____________,which do not have a nucleus.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) white blood cells

Question 64

How do veins prevent backflow of the low-pressure blood they carry? Select the TWO answers that apply.

A) The muscular contractions of the skeletal muscles in which the veins are found provide movement.
B) Valves located in the veins prevent backflow.
C) Capillaries allow blood to move in both directions so that backflow can be controlled.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 65

A blood clot can break off and flow in the blood to the brain where it can block other vessels,leading to ______________.

A) diabetes
B) high body mass index
C) stroke
D) an obstruction
E) hypertension

Question 66

Which of the following allow red blood cells to flow through one cell at a time?

A) arteries
B) ventricles
C) aortas
D) atria
E) capillaries

Question 67

Blood contains ____________,which play a critical role in blood clotting.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) red blood cells

Question 68

Which blood vessels are blocked and are commonly associated with a heart attack?

A) pulmonary arteries
B) coronary arteries
C) pulmonary veins
D) aortas
E) inferior vena cava

Question 69

Low-pressure vessels are referred to as what?

A) arteries
B) valves
C) atria
D) ventricles
E) veins

Question 70

The "blood" in mollusks is pumped in an open circulatory system.It is referred to as what?

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) hemolymph

Question 71

Fish oxygenate their blood in their gills.Which of the following describes the movement of blood through the gills?

A) The blood flow must slow in the gills.
B) The blood pressure must decrease in the gills.
C) The blood must move through capillaries for diffusion to take place.
D) None of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 72

Blood contains ____________,which carries the nutrients and signaling molecules necessary for the proper functioning of the body.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) white blood cells

Question 73

Blood contains ____________,which are involved in many aspects of the immune response.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) red blood cells

Question 74

Blood contains ____________,which are actually cell fragments.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) white blood cells

Question 75

Diastolic pressure is measured

A) during ventricular relaxation.
B) as the pulse.
C) in the veins.
D) in the veins and during ventricular relaxation.
E) It cannot be measured.

Question 76

Blood contains ____________,which carry oxygen throughout the body.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) white blood cells

Question 77

Single cellular organisms can rely on diffusion to move gases,nutrients,and wastes across their single membrane.What feature of the cardiovascular system overcomes this problem for multicellular organisms?

A) The cardiovascular system contains many arteries that allow for the even distribution and diffusion of gases,nutrients,and wastes.
B) Diffusion does not occur in multicellular organisms,so the distance to the environment created by being multicellular does not matter.
C) The heart pumps gas and nutrients directly to cells through arteries and allows for the removal of wastes through venous return.
D) It has high-pressure veins that can force gases,nutrients,and wastes into any area that they are needed.
E) The capillary blood vessels are found throughout the body to allow for even distribution and diffusion of gases,nutrients,and wastes.

Question 78

Foods high in saturated fats contribute to which of the following?

A) Low levels of LDL in the blood
B) High levels of LDL in the blood
C) Low levels of HDL in the blood
D) High levels of HDL in the blood
E) This changes neither LDL nor HDL.

Question 79

One severe form of atherosclerosis is the formation of plaques typically found in which of the following blood vessels?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 80

Why would immune cells be found in the blood? Select the TWO answers that apply.

A) Blood travels to all tissues of the body.
B) Blood contains a snapshot of the health of tissues and the body as a whole.
C) Blood is able to keep leukocytes away from select tissues.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.